This document provides guidance on performing an orthopedic examination of the shoulder. It outlines the basic steps as look, feel, move, and special tests. For the shoulder examination, it emphasizes tailoring the exam based on suspected problems such as instability in young patients or impingement/rotator cuff tears in older patients. Key parts of examination include inspection for deformities or wasting, palpation of bony landmarks and soft tissues, and assessing the full range of motion including any painful arcs. Special tests are described to detect impingement, specific rotator cuff injuries, or instability. The document stresses performing the exam with knowledge of anatomy and potential diagnoses to both prove and rule out clinical findings.
The document provides guidance on clinically examining the hip joint. It outlines important points to consider when examining a patient's hip, including examination techniques and order. Key areas that are assessed include inspection, palpation, range of motion, deformities, measurements, special tests like Trendelenburg sign, and making a diagnosis. The examination is thorough and considers multiple factors that could provide clues about a patient's hip condition.
This document provides an overview of how to examine the knee joint, including:
1. Taking a history by gathering demographic data, chief complaints, pain details, swelling details, injury mechanism, medical history, and sports history.
2. Examining the patient in standing, sitting, and supine positions to look for deformities, swelling, range of motion, tenderness, and special tests for effusion, stability, and meniscal/ligament injuries.
3. Performing measurements of the patella position, Q-angle, and quadriceps girth.
4. Testing for injuries to the ACL, PCL, collateral ligaments, and menisci through various stress tests.
This document provides an overview of the clinical examination of the spine. It describes examining the patient's history, general examination including inspection of posture and deformities, and localized palpation of the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral spine. Specific tests are outlined to assess the range of motion and integrity of the spine as well as nerve root tension including the straight leg raise test. A neurological examination of motor function, sensation, and reflexes is also recommended to evaluate for any neurological deficits.
Clinical examination of the spine/back covering the following sections:
INSPECTION
PALPATION
MOVEMENTS
MEASUREMENTS
SPECIAL TESTS
(Neurological examination covered separately in another slideshow : SPINE EXAMINATION - PART 2)
This document provides guidance on clinical examination of the elbow joint. It describes the different approaches needed for traumatic versus non-traumatic conditions, as well as acute versus chronic injuries. The elbow is examined through inspection, palpation, range of motion testing, and special tests. Common injuries like tennis elbow, pulled elbow in children, and fractures are discussed. Key examination findings for conditions like cubitus varus, cubitus valgus, and myositis ossificans are also outlined.
Dr. Manoj Das' document provides an overview of examining the foot and ankle. It discusses the anatomy of the foot and ankle including bones, joints, ligaments and muscles. The examination involves taking a history, observing gait, posture and deformities, palpating for tenderness, and assessing range of motion, neurovascular status, and performing special tests. The goal is to assess, diagnose and treat conditions of the foot and ankle.
This document provides information on evaluating shoulder pain and injuries. It discusses:
1. The most common causes of adult shoulder pain including impingement syndrome, rotator cuff problems, and athletic injuries.
2. Anatomy of the shoulder including bones, joints, muscles, and common injuries like rotator cuff tears, labral tears, and instability.
3. Physical examination techniques for the shoulder including range of motion, strength, and special tests to identify injuries. Common tests discussed are Neer's sign, Hawkins test, and relocation test.
4. Likely diagnoses suggested by specific physical examination findings. Tables summarize key examination maneuvers and what pathology a positive test may indicate
This document provides guidance on performing an orthopedic examination of the shoulder. It outlines the basic steps as look, feel, move, and special tests. For the shoulder examination, it emphasizes tailoring the exam based on suspected problems such as instability in young patients or impingement/rotator cuff tears in older patients. Key parts of examination include inspection for deformities or wasting, palpation of bony landmarks and soft tissues, and assessing the full range of motion including any painful arcs. Special tests are described to detect impingement, specific rotator cuff injuries, or instability. The document stresses performing the exam with knowledge of anatomy and potential diagnoses to both prove and rule out clinical findings.
The document provides guidance on clinically examining the hip joint. It outlines important points to consider when examining a patient's hip, including examination techniques and order. Key areas that are assessed include inspection, palpation, range of motion, deformities, measurements, special tests like Trendelenburg sign, and making a diagnosis. The examination is thorough and considers multiple factors that could provide clues about a patient's hip condition.
This document provides an overview of how to examine the knee joint, including:
1. Taking a history by gathering demographic data, chief complaints, pain details, swelling details, injury mechanism, medical history, and sports history.
2. Examining the patient in standing, sitting, and supine positions to look for deformities, swelling, range of motion, tenderness, and special tests for effusion, stability, and meniscal/ligament injuries.
3. Performing measurements of the patella position, Q-angle, and quadriceps girth.
4. Testing for injuries to the ACL, PCL, collateral ligaments, and menisci through various stress tests.
This document provides an overview of the clinical examination of the spine. It describes examining the patient's history, general examination including inspection of posture and deformities, and localized palpation of the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral spine. Specific tests are outlined to assess the range of motion and integrity of the spine as well as nerve root tension including the straight leg raise test. A neurological examination of motor function, sensation, and reflexes is also recommended to evaluate for any neurological deficits.
Clinical examination of the spine/back covering the following sections:
INSPECTION
PALPATION
MOVEMENTS
MEASUREMENTS
SPECIAL TESTS
(Neurological examination covered separately in another slideshow : SPINE EXAMINATION - PART 2)
This document provides guidance on clinical examination of the elbow joint. It describes the different approaches needed for traumatic versus non-traumatic conditions, as well as acute versus chronic injuries. The elbow is examined through inspection, palpation, range of motion testing, and special tests. Common injuries like tennis elbow, pulled elbow in children, and fractures are discussed. Key examination findings for conditions like cubitus varus, cubitus valgus, and myositis ossificans are also outlined.
Dr. Manoj Das' document provides an overview of examining the foot and ankle. It discusses the anatomy of the foot and ankle including bones, joints, ligaments and muscles. The examination involves taking a history, observing gait, posture and deformities, palpating for tenderness, and assessing range of motion, neurovascular status, and performing special tests. The goal is to assess, diagnose and treat conditions of the foot and ankle.
This document provides information on evaluating shoulder pain and injuries. It discusses:
1. The most common causes of adult shoulder pain including impingement syndrome, rotator cuff problems, and athletic injuries.
2. Anatomy of the shoulder including bones, joints, muscles, and common injuries like rotator cuff tears, labral tears, and instability.
3. Physical examination techniques for the shoulder including range of motion, strength, and special tests to identify injuries. Common tests discussed are Neer's sign, Hawkins test, and relocation test.
4. Likely diagnoses suggested by specific physical examination findings. Tables summarize key examination maneuvers and what pathology a positive test may indicate
The document summarizes the process for examining the knee, including:
- Inspecting for alignment, masses, scars while standing or supine
- Palpating for temperature, tenderness, effusion, crepitus, strength
- Testing range of motion including flexion, extension, rotation
- Performing tests like McMurray's, Lachman, and valgus/varus stress to check for injuries to structures like the meniscus, ACL, MCL, and LCL
complete Knee joint assessment from physiotherapeutic point of view. Includes observation , palpation , assessment, special test, differential diagnosis of knee joint .
1) The document discusses the process for examining a patient's hip joint, including obtaining history, performing physical examination, and conducting specific tests.
2) The physical examination involves inspecting the hip from various angles, palpating bony landmarks and soft tissues, measuring range of motion, assessing limb length and muscle bulk, and performing stability and special tests.
3) A number of special tests are described that can help identify conditions like labral tears, femoral anteversion, and soft tissue contractures. Taking a thorough history and conducting a complete physical exam are important for accurately diagnosing hip joint pathology.
This document provides an overview of how to examine the hip joint through inspection, palpation, range of motion tests, and special tests. It discusses examining the hip for conditions like developmental dysplasia of the hip, septic arthritis, transient synovitis, Perthes disease, and more. Key parts of the examination include inspecting for deformities, palpating for tenderness, performing range of motion tests to evaluate movements like flexion and rotation, and special tests like Thomas test and Trendelenburg test to assess for instability. Close inspection and accurate examination of the hip are important for correctly diagnosing various hip joint pathologies.
A case presentation on lateral epicondylitis by prasanjit shomPRASANJIT SHOM
- The document presents a case study of lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow) in a 30-year-old female patient.
- Objective assessment found tenderness and swelling over the lateral epicondyle of the right elbow, with reduced range of motion. Cozen's and Mill's tests were positive.
- X-rays were normal. The patient was diagnosed with lateral epicondylitis and a treatment plan included modalities for pain relief, exercises to increase strength and flexibility once pain subsided, and advice to rest the elbow and avoid aggravating activities.
1. The document describes the anatomy of the shoulder joint and common injuries to the labrum such as SLAP and Bankart lesions.
2. It outlines the signs, symptoms, and surgical procedure for repairing a SLAP tear as well as a 5 phase post-operative rehabilitation program focusing on range of motion, strengthening, and return to activity.
3. The rehabilitation program progresses from passive range of motion and stretching in the initial weeks to active range of motion, strengthening, sport specific drills, and eventual return to full activity over 4-5 months.
Detailed history and its evaluation , examination of spine in general and local with special tests in cervical , thoracic outlet syndrome , lumbar spine and SI joint with diagrams, neurological examination both sensory and motor.
The document discusses the anatomy and examination of the elbow joint. It describes the elbow as a compound synovial joint made up of three joints: the ulnohumeral joint, radiohumeral joint, and superior radio ulnar joint. It provides details on the ligaments, muscles, movements, and common conditions that can be examined at the elbow. Specific tests for conditions like tennis elbow and golfer's elbow are also outlined.
Clinical examination notes based on TU/KU curriculum of MBBS in nepal. Hope this will be very much helpful in step wise approach to you people especially during exam time.
Supracondylar fractures of the humerus are the most common elbow fractures in children aged 5-6 years. They occur most often on the non-dominant side due to falls on an outstretched hand. Displacement can be posteromedial or posterolateral. Closed reduction and pinning is the standard treatment for most types, while open reduction may be needed if closed fails or there are signs of vascular compromise. Post-procedure, the elbow is immobilized at 30-90 degrees of flexion to prevent complications like compartment syndrome. Close monitoring of neurovascular status and reduction quality on x-rays is important.
This document provides an overview of an examination of the shoulder, including:
1) Anatomy of the shoulder bones, joints, and muscles like the rotator cuff.
2) Traditional steps for examining the shoulder including taking a history, inspecting, palpating, assessing range of motion, and performing special tests.
3) Details on examining range of motion, palpating for tenderness, and performing special tests to identify issues like impingement, rotator cuff tears, and instability.
This document discusses various types of casts used to immobilize different body parts, including hip spica casts, thumb spica casts, and shoulder spica casts. It provides details on the indications, techniques, positions, and complications of each type of cast. It also covers functional cast bracing, which allows controlled movement and weight bearing during fracture healing to promote rapid recovery. A variety of plaster and thermoplastic materials can be used to fabricate functional bracing devices for the upper and lower limbs.
Examination of case of long bone nonunion lldFadzlina Zabri
This document discusses the examination of patients presenting with long bone nonunions or limb length discrepancies. It outlines the key components of history taking including chief complaints, history of presenting illness, and relevant medical history. The physical examination is described in detail, including inspection of the bone and surrounding soft tissues, palpation of the bone focusing on sites of tenderness, irregularity and mobility, assessment of range of motion, measurements, and deformity. Relevant investigations including laboratory tests, x-rays and potential special investigations like MRI are also mentioned. The document provides guidance on documenting anatomical location of involvement and pathological diagnosis.
The examination of the knee involves inspection, palpation, and assessment of motion. Inspection evaluates alignment, swelling, and deformities both standing and supine. Palpation assesses temperature, tenderness, effusion, and muscle strength. Motion tests include assessing flexion, extension, and rotational mobility while checking for crepitus. Specific tests evaluate the menisci, ligaments like the ACL and PCL, and other structures like the MCL and LCL. The examination provides information to diagnose conditions affecting the knee joint and surrounding tissues.
The document provides information on clinical examination of the hip joint. It begins with anatomy of the hip joint and associated muscles and ligaments. It then discusses elements of history taking including pain characteristics. The physical examination section covers inspection of gait, limb posture and length, palpation of bony landmarks and muscles, range of motion testing, and special tests like Trendelenburg test. Measurements of limb length discrepancies both apparent and true are also described.
This document provides an overview of the examination process for orthopedic patients, including:
1) The typical components of an orthopedic examination include questioning the patient, inspecting the body, palpating joints and tissues, assessing range of motion, and performing special tests.
2) Common orthopedic complaints involve pain, stiffness, swelling, deformity, and loss of function. Examinations evaluate these symptoms and look for their causes.
3) Additional examination tools include basic measurement devices, imaging technologies like x-rays, ultrasound, CT, MRI and others to further evaluate orthopedic issues.
This document provides an overview of performing an examination of the shoulder, including assessing functional anatomy, subjective factors, and objective tests. It describes the resting and closed pack positions of the glenohumeral, acromioclavicular, and sternoclavicular joints. Subjective factors covered include symptoms, aggravating/relieving factors, and past history. The objective examination involves observation, palpation, range of motion testing, strength testing, and multiple special tests to assess various structures like the labrum, biceps, rotator cuff, nerves. The goal is a thorough subjective and physical assessment of the shoulder.
2.The Gait Cycle, Abnormal gait and Examination - Copy (2).pptxNasriMungwana1
This document discusses the gait cycle, abnormal gaits, and examination of the lower limb. It describes the four phases of normal gait and provides examples of abnormalities that can occur in each phase, such as problems with the heel, stance, toes, or swing. Examination of the lower limb involves inspection for deformities or length discrepancies, palpation of bones and joints, and assessment of range of motion in the hip, knee, ankle, and toes. Specific tests are described to evaluate the ligaments and menisci in the knee joint.
The document summarizes the process for examining the knee, including:
- Inspecting for alignment, masses, scars while standing or supine
- Palpating for temperature, tenderness, effusion, crepitus, strength
- Testing range of motion including flexion, extension, rotation
- Performing tests like McMurray's, Lachman, and valgus/varus stress to check for injuries to structures like the meniscus, ACL, MCL, and LCL
complete Knee joint assessment from physiotherapeutic point of view. Includes observation , palpation , assessment, special test, differential diagnosis of knee joint .
1) The document discusses the process for examining a patient's hip joint, including obtaining history, performing physical examination, and conducting specific tests.
2) The physical examination involves inspecting the hip from various angles, palpating bony landmarks and soft tissues, measuring range of motion, assessing limb length and muscle bulk, and performing stability and special tests.
3) A number of special tests are described that can help identify conditions like labral tears, femoral anteversion, and soft tissue contractures. Taking a thorough history and conducting a complete physical exam are important for accurately diagnosing hip joint pathology.
This document provides an overview of how to examine the hip joint through inspection, palpation, range of motion tests, and special tests. It discusses examining the hip for conditions like developmental dysplasia of the hip, septic arthritis, transient synovitis, Perthes disease, and more. Key parts of the examination include inspecting for deformities, palpating for tenderness, performing range of motion tests to evaluate movements like flexion and rotation, and special tests like Thomas test and Trendelenburg test to assess for instability. Close inspection and accurate examination of the hip are important for correctly diagnosing various hip joint pathologies.
A case presentation on lateral epicondylitis by prasanjit shomPRASANJIT SHOM
- The document presents a case study of lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow) in a 30-year-old female patient.
- Objective assessment found tenderness and swelling over the lateral epicondyle of the right elbow, with reduced range of motion. Cozen's and Mill's tests were positive.
- X-rays were normal. The patient was diagnosed with lateral epicondylitis and a treatment plan included modalities for pain relief, exercises to increase strength and flexibility once pain subsided, and advice to rest the elbow and avoid aggravating activities.
1. The document describes the anatomy of the shoulder joint and common injuries to the labrum such as SLAP and Bankart lesions.
2. It outlines the signs, symptoms, and surgical procedure for repairing a SLAP tear as well as a 5 phase post-operative rehabilitation program focusing on range of motion, strengthening, and return to activity.
3. The rehabilitation program progresses from passive range of motion and stretching in the initial weeks to active range of motion, strengthening, sport specific drills, and eventual return to full activity over 4-5 months.
Detailed history and its evaluation , examination of spine in general and local with special tests in cervical , thoracic outlet syndrome , lumbar spine and SI joint with diagrams, neurological examination both sensory and motor.
The document discusses the anatomy and examination of the elbow joint. It describes the elbow as a compound synovial joint made up of three joints: the ulnohumeral joint, radiohumeral joint, and superior radio ulnar joint. It provides details on the ligaments, muscles, movements, and common conditions that can be examined at the elbow. Specific tests for conditions like tennis elbow and golfer's elbow are also outlined.
Clinical examination notes based on TU/KU curriculum of MBBS in nepal. Hope this will be very much helpful in step wise approach to you people especially during exam time.
Supracondylar fractures of the humerus are the most common elbow fractures in children aged 5-6 years. They occur most often on the non-dominant side due to falls on an outstretched hand. Displacement can be posteromedial or posterolateral. Closed reduction and pinning is the standard treatment for most types, while open reduction may be needed if closed fails or there are signs of vascular compromise. Post-procedure, the elbow is immobilized at 30-90 degrees of flexion to prevent complications like compartment syndrome. Close monitoring of neurovascular status and reduction quality on x-rays is important.
This document provides an overview of an examination of the shoulder, including:
1) Anatomy of the shoulder bones, joints, and muscles like the rotator cuff.
2) Traditional steps for examining the shoulder including taking a history, inspecting, palpating, assessing range of motion, and performing special tests.
3) Details on examining range of motion, palpating for tenderness, and performing special tests to identify issues like impingement, rotator cuff tears, and instability.
This document discusses various types of casts used to immobilize different body parts, including hip spica casts, thumb spica casts, and shoulder spica casts. It provides details on the indications, techniques, positions, and complications of each type of cast. It also covers functional cast bracing, which allows controlled movement and weight bearing during fracture healing to promote rapid recovery. A variety of plaster and thermoplastic materials can be used to fabricate functional bracing devices for the upper and lower limbs.
Examination of case of long bone nonunion lldFadzlina Zabri
This document discusses the examination of patients presenting with long bone nonunions or limb length discrepancies. It outlines the key components of history taking including chief complaints, history of presenting illness, and relevant medical history. The physical examination is described in detail, including inspection of the bone and surrounding soft tissues, palpation of the bone focusing on sites of tenderness, irregularity and mobility, assessment of range of motion, measurements, and deformity. Relevant investigations including laboratory tests, x-rays and potential special investigations like MRI are also mentioned. The document provides guidance on documenting anatomical location of involvement and pathological diagnosis.
The examination of the knee involves inspection, palpation, and assessment of motion. Inspection evaluates alignment, swelling, and deformities both standing and supine. Palpation assesses temperature, tenderness, effusion, and muscle strength. Motion tests include assessing flexion, extension, and rotational mobility while checking for crepitus. Specific tests evaluate the menisci, ligaments like the ACL and PCL, and other structures like the MCL and LCL. The examination provides information to diagnose conditions affecting the knee joint and surrounding tissues.
The document provides information on clinical examination of the hip joint. It begins with anatomy of the hip joint and associated muscles and ligaments. It then discusses elements of history taking including pain characteristics. The physical examination section covers inspection of gait, limb posture and length, palpation of bony landmarks and muscles, range of motion testing, and special tests like Trendelenburg test. Measurements of limb length discrepancies both apparent and true are also described.
This document provides an overview of the examination process for orthopedic patients, including:
1) The typical components of an orthopedic examination include questioning the patient, inspecting the body, palpating joints and tissues, assessing range of motion, and performing special tests.
2) Common orthopedic complaints involve pain, stiffness, swelling, deformity, and loss of function. Examinations evaluate these symptoms and look for their causes.
3) Additional examination tools include basic measurement devices, imaging technologies like x-rays, ultrasound, CT, MRI and others to further evaluate orthopedic issues.
This document provides an overview of performing an examination of the shoulder, including assessing functional anatomy, subjective factors, and objective tests. It describes the resting and closed pack positions of the glenohumeral, acromioclavicular, and sternoclavicular joints. Subjective factors covered include symptoms, aggravating/relieving factors, and past history. The objective examination involves observation, palpation, range of motion testing, strength testing, and multiple special tests to assess various structures like the labrum, biceps, rotator cuff, nerves. The goal is a thorough subjective and physical assessment of the shoulder.
2.The Gait Cycle, Abnormal gait and Examination - Copy (2).pptxNasriMungwana1
This document discusses the gait cycle, abnormal gaits, and examination of the lower limb. It describes the four phases of normal gait and provides examples of abnormalities that can occur in each phase, such as problems with the heel, stance, toes, or swing. Examination of the lower limb involves inspection for deformities or length discrepancies, palpation of bones and joints, and assessment of range of motion in the hip, knee, ankle, and toes. Specific tests are described to evaluate the ligaments and menisci in the knee joint.
The document provides information on assessing a patient's lower leg. It describes conducting a subjective assessment through questioning and an objective assessment involving
This document provides an overview of the clinical examination of the spine. It discusses the anatomy of the spine and common spinal conditions. The examination involves obtaining a history, inspecting the spine, palpating for tenderness, and assessing range of motion. Special tests like the straight leg raise test help localize pain and diagnose conditions like herniated discs. A neurological exam evaluates muscle strength, sensation, and reflexes to identify abnormalities affecting the spinal cord or nerves. A thorough spinal exam provides important clues for diagnosing underlying spinal problems.
This document summarizes the steps for examining a patient's shoulder, including inspection from multiple angles to identify scars, swelling, alignment and muscle wasting. It describes palpating various parts of the shoulder joint. Range of motion and special tests are outlined to assess the rotator cuff, impingement, AC joint, biceps, deltoid, serratus anterior and instability. Specific tests described include Neer's sign, Hawkin's sign, Jobe's test, belly-press test, apprehension test and relocation test. The examination provides a thorough evaluation of the shoulder to identify any injuries or limitations.
The document summarizes the steps for examining the shoulder, including:
Inspection of the anterior, posterior, and lateral sides. Palpation of structures like the acromioclavicular joint, coracoid process, and long head of the biceps tendon. Assessment of muscle strength for scapular stabilizers. Evaluation of shoulder movements and special tests for conditions like instability, impingement, rotator cuff tears, and more. The examination provides a thorough overview of evaluating the structures and function of the shoulder.
This document provides information on the anatomy and physical exam of the shoulder. It begins with objectives to review pertinent anatomy and the physical exam. It then details various anatomical views of the shoulder that can be seen on x-ray, MRI, and ultrasound. The document outlines the steps for physically examining the shoulder, including inspection, palpation, range of motion testing, and specific provocative tests for conditions like impingement, rotator cuff tears, and instability. It concludes with providing sensitivity and specificity data for some physical exam maneuvers and differential diagnoses for shoulder pain.
Pelvis radiography involves several standard views of the pelvis to examine the bones and joints. The AP view images the pelvis from front to back with the lower limbs internally rotated. The posterior oblique view has the patient lying on their side to image a suspected fractured hip. Additional views like Judet's projection can assess the acetabulum at an oblique angle. Proper patient positioning and centering are important to obtain clear images of the pelvis.
A goniometer is a device used to measure angles, typically in the field of physiotherapy, occupational therapy, and biomechanics. It consists of a flat, circular, or semi-circular protractor-like instrument with an adjustable arm or arms. The primary purpose of a goniometer is to measure the range of motion at a joint in the body.
Here's a basic overview of how a goniometer is used and some key points about its features
Rotator Cuff Evaluation
- The document summarizes evaluation and examination of rotator cuff injuries, including descriptions of common tests like the empty can test, Neer's test, and Hawkins-Kennedy test. It also reviews rotator cuff anatomy and covers potential orders and referrals for primary care providers. Examples of shoulder injuries like SLAP tears, Bankart tears, and Drew Brees' shoulder dislocation are examined.
GONIOMETRY FOR UPPER LIMB DISCUSSES IN CONCISE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF GONIOMETERS AVAILABLE FOR MEASURING VARIOUS JOINT ROM, PRINCIPLES OF GONIOMETRY AND PLACEMENT OF GONIOMETER FOR MEASURING RANGE OF MOTION IN UPPER LIMB (SHOULDER, ELBOW, FOREARM AND WRIST JOINT).
This document provides information on shoulder anatomy, biomechanics, common causes of shoulder pain, physical examination of the shoulder, and special tests used to evaluate shoulder conditions. It describes the bones, joints, muscles, and bursae of the shoulder. Common causes of shoulder pain in adults include impingement syndrome, rotator cuff problems, and athletic injuries. The physical exam involves assessing range of motion, strength, and performing special tests for conditions like rotator cuff tears, labral tears, biceps tendon injuries, instability, and impingement.
This document provides guidance on evaluating a patient presenting with shoulder pain or dysfunction. It outlines important aspects of the history to obtain including age, hand dominance, occupation, nature of pain, instability, weakness, and stiffness. The physical exam involves inspection of the shoulder, palpation for tenderness, and assessment of both active and passive range of motion compared to the uninjured side. Neurovascular status and special tests target specific structures like the rotator cuff muscles or assess for labral tears or joint instability. Common tests described are the empty can test, internal rotation lag sign, swinging doors test, and anterior apprehension test.
This document discusses body mechanics and safe patient handling techniques. It outlines indications for moving patients such as those who are pre-operative, anemic, or elderly. It describes contraindications like critically ill, spinal injury or fracture patients. Guidelines are provided for manual lifting, including using strong muscles and keeping the back straight. Instructions are given for planning moves, supporting the patient, and avoiding twisting. Range of motion exercises and assessing the patient before moving them are also covered.
Casualty lifting is the first step of casualty movement, an early aspect of emergency medical care. It is the procedure used to put the casualty (the patient) on a stretcher.
Developed emergency services use lifting devices, such as scoop stretchers, that allow secured lifting with minimal personnel. Other methods (explained below) can be used when such devices are not available.
Since only stabilised casualties are moved (except in unusual circumstances), the lifting is usually never performed in emergency; emergency movements are sometimes performed to respect the Golden Hour. This depends on the organisation of the medical services and on the specific circumstances.
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The document provides information on examining the shoulder joint, including:
1) It describes the anatomy of the shoulder joint which involves three bones and three joints.
2) Common shoulder injuries include rotator cuff problems, impingement syndrome, and athletic injuries.
3) The physical exam involves inspection for atrophy or deformity, palpation of bony landmarks and soft tissues, and assessment of range of motion and strength.
4) Special tests examine for issues like instability, impingement, rotator cuff tears, biceps problems, and AC joint pathology.
This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the shoulder, including bones, joints, ligaments, tendons, muscles, nerves and range of motion. It describes the key bones (humerus, scapula, clavicle, ribs, vertebrae), joints (glenohumeral, acromioclavicular, sternoclavicular, scapulothoracic) and muscles (deltoid, rotator cuff, latissimus dorsi, trapezius, serratus anterior, pectoralis) of the shoulder. It also discusses common shoulder injuries like rotator cuff tears, tendonitis and frozen shoulder, and examines physical exam tests and treatment approaches
This document discusses the examination of the hip joint. It outlines the traditional steps in examining the hip, including taking a history, inspecting for deformities, palpating for tenderness, and measuring range of motion. Special tests are also described, such as the Trendelenberg test to assess abduction weakness. A variety of hip conditions can be evaluated through clinical examination, including developmental dysplasia of the hip, Perthes disease, tuberculosis, and traumatic injuries. Proper examination of gait, identification of fixed deformities, and use of special tests remains an important orthopedic skill.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/kqbnxVAZs-0
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/SINlygW1Mpc
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
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ABDOMINAL TRAUMA in pediatrics part one.drhasanrajab
Abdominal trauma in pediatrics refers to injuries or damage to the abdominal organs in children. It can occur due to various causes such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, and physical abuse. Children are more vulnerable to abdominal trauma due to their unique anatomical and physiological characteristics. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, tenderness, distension, vomiting, and signs of shock. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Management depends on the severity and may involve conservative treatment or surgical intervention. Prevention is crucial in reducing the incidence of abdominal trauma in children.
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
3. C
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General rules
• Wash hands
• Introduce yourself
• Confirm patient details – name / DOB
• Explain examination
• Check understanding and gain consent
• Ask if the patient has had a hip
replacement (if so internal rotation,
adduction and flexion greater than 90°
should be avoided due to risk of dislocation)
• Expose patient appropriately
• Position patient standing
• Ask if the patient currently has any pain
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Components of joint examination
• Look (inspection)
• Feel (palpation)
• Move:
– Active movements
– Passive movements
– Grading muscular power
• Special tests
• Neurovascular assessment
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Look(inspection)
• Look around bed for any aids or
adaptations – walking stick / wheelchair
• Inspect patient from all angles
• Front – scars / pelvic tilt /quadriceps
wasting / foot deformity
• Side – assess lumbar lordosis – normal /
hyperlordosis
• Behind – scoliosis / gluteal wasting / pelvic
tilt
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Look(inspection)
• Gait
• Observe the patient’s gait from multiple
angles
• Assess speed /smoothness /turning
• Note any evidence of antalgic gait or
Trendelenburg gait
• Assess the patient’s footwear – unequal
sole wearing – abnormal gait
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Feel(palpation)
• Ask patient to lay down on
the examination couch
• Palpate the tissues overlying the hip joint
for tenderness / warmth – inflammation /
infection
• Palpate the greater trochanter –
tenderness (often indicative of greater
trochanteric bursitis)
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• Assess leg length
• Measure apparent leg length –
umbilicus to the tip of the medial
malleolus
• Measure true leg length – anterior
superior iliac spine to the tip of the medial
malleolus
17. C
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Movement
• Active movements
• Place your hand under the lumbar spine to
detect masking of hip movement by the
pelvis / lumbar spine.
• Flexion – “bring your knee towards your
chest” – normal ROM is 120°
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• Passive movements
• Flexion – – normal ROM is 120°
• Internal rotation:
• Rotate the foot laterally Normal ROM 40°
• External rotation:
• Rotate the foot mediallyNormal ROM 45°
• ABduction –– normal ROM is 45°
• ADduction –– normal ROM is 30°
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• Position patient prone
• Hip extension (passive):
• Place a hand on the pelvis to assess for
movement
• Lift one leg at a time to assess range of
extension
• Normal ROM is 10-20°
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Special test
• Thomas’s test
• The test is positive (abnormal) if the
affected thigh raises off the bed, indicating
a loss of extension in the hip. This would
suggest a fixed flexion deformity in the
affected hip
• DO NOT PERFORM ON PATIENTS WITH
HIP REPLACEMENTS – can cause
dislocation!
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• Trendelenburg’s test
• The test is deemed positive (abnormal) if
the pelvis falls on the side with the foot
off the ground.
• This abnormal result suggests weak hip
abductors on the contralateral side of the
pelvis.
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Neurovascular assessment
• Palpation of pulses
• Detailed examination of each nerve, and
its sensory and motor component
• A quick screening examination of the joint
above and below should also be
performed if time permits