Extensor mechanism of knee
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The extensor mechanism of the knee involves four quadriceps muscles that connect the femur to the tibia via the patella. The quadriceps muscles include the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, and vastus medialis. They originate on the femur and connect to the patella. The patella then connects to the tibia via the patellar tendon. This mechanism improves the efficiency of knee extension by increasing the lever arm of the quadriceps muscles. It functions via a "screw home mechanism" where the tibia rotates internally at the end of knee extension, maximally stabilizing the knee joint.
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Knee joint.pptx
The knee joint is a modified hinge joint that allows for flexion and extension as well as some rotation. It is formed by the articulation of the femur, tibia, and patella. The knee joint contains two joint cavities - the patellofemoral joint and tibiofemoral joint. Various ligaments such as the cruciate ligaments and menisci provide stability and cushioning to the joint. Injuries commonly involve the collateral ligaments, menisci, or anterior cruciate ligament due to their location and function. The knee is an important and complex joint that enables mobility but is also susceptible to trauma.
Lower Extremities.pptx
The lower limb muscles are larger and stronger than the upper limb muscles. They function in stability, locomotion, and posture. The lower limb muscles can be divided into muscles of the hip, thigh, leg, and foot. The major muscle groups that move the thigh are the gluteals and adductors, which originate on the pelvic girdle and insert on the femur. The muscles of the leg are divided into anterior, lateral, and posterior compartments by deep fascia. The intrinsic muscles of the foot originate and insert within the foot and are responsible for toe movements and supporting the arches.
Knee joint.Session 1
The knee joint consists of two joints - the tibiofemoral joint and the patellofemoral joint. The tibiofemoral joint is formed by the femoral condyles articulating with the tibial plateau. The patellofemoral joint is formed by the patella articulating with the femoral groove. Stability is provided by ligaments, the joint capsule, menisci and muscles rather than bony structure. Motion occurs in flexion/extension and internal/external rotation planes. Knowledge of knee anatomy and function is essential for understanding injury mechanisms and treatment.
knee ..pptx
The knee is the largest and most complicated joint in the human body. It consists of two condylar joints between the femur and tibia, as well as the patellofemoral joint. The stability of the knee relies primarily on soft tissues like ligaments rather than bony structure. The knee joint is divided into the medial and lateral compartments by the menisci. It contains several important ligaments like the ACL, PCL, MCL and LCL that provide stability. The muscles that act on the knee include the quadriceps, hamstrings, pes anserine group and iliotibial band.
Knee joint
The knee joint is the largest and most complex joint in the body. It consists of three joints: the medial and lateral condylar joints between the femur and tibia, and the patellofemoral joint between the femur and patella. The knee joint contains numerous ligaments that connect the femur, tibia, and patella, including the anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments, medial and lateral collateral ligaments, and medial and lateral menisci. The knee joint also contains bursae that reduce friction between bones, muscles, tendons, and ligaments during movement.
Anatomy of knee
The document provides an anatomical overview of the knee structures. It discusses the osseous structures including the patella, femoral condyles, and tibial plateaus. It then describes the extra-articular structures such as muscles, ligaments, and tendons that provide stability to the knee joint. These include the quadriceps mechanism, hamstrings, iliotibial band, gastrocnemius, and collateral and cruciate ligaments. The document outlines the layers of soft tissues and ligaments on the medial and lateral sides of the knee.
Knee.Joint.Session 3
This document discusses the kinesiology of the knee joint, including:
- Anatomy and function of ligaments like the ACL, MCL, and LCL
- Biomechanics that put the ACL at risk for injury during landing or cutting motions
- Gender differences in ACL injury rates related to neuromuscular control and strength
- Muscles that act on the knee joint like the quadriceps and hamstrings
- Patellofemoral joint mechanics involving the patella tracking in the femoral groove
- Internal and external torque demands on the quadriceps muscle throughout knee flexion
Pelvic, hip knee & ankle joints
This document provides an overview of the bones, joints, muscles, ligaments, and nerves of the pelvis, hip, knee, and leg. It describes the structures and functions of the sacrum, sacroiliac joint, pelvic muscles including the gluteals, hip rotators, hip flexors and extensors, hip ligaments, and hip movements. It also covers the knee including bones, ligaments, menisci, quadriceps and hamstrings, and knee movements. Finally, it briefly discusses common knee problems such as osteoarthritis and ligament injuries.
Biomechanics
This document provides information about the knee complex, including its types of joints, articulations, structures, movements, and kinetics. It describes the femur and tibia articular surfaces, menisci, ligaments, bursae, and the patellofemoral joint. It also analyzes squatting movements, noting the roles of the hip, knee, and ankle joints during both the lowering and lifting phases, as well as variations in squat depth.
Pelvic, hip knee, Bones, Joints and Muscles
The document provides information on the anatomy and function of the pelvis, hip, knee, ankle, and foot. It describes the bones, joints, ligaments, and muscles of the pelvic girdle and lower extremities. Key points covered include the bones and joints of the pelvis, hip muscles and their actions, knee ligaments and movements, ankle and foot arches, and common injuries or conditions that affect the lower extremities.
Anatomy of the leg
The document provides an overview of the anatomy of the leg, including its bones, muscles, blood supply, innervation, and fascial compartments. It describes the tibia and fibula bones and notes the leg is divided into anterior, lateral, and posterior muscle compartments by fascia. The major muscles of each compartment and their actions are defined. The blood supply from branches of the popliteal artery and innervation from tibial and common fibular nerves are also summarized.
Ankle joint
The document summarizes the anatomy and biomechanics of the ankle joint. It describes the ankle joint as a synovial hinge joint formed by the distal tibia and fibula articulating with the talus bone. The ankle allows for dorsiflexion and plantarflexion movement through the action of various muscles like the tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius. The document also outlines the ligaments supporting the ankle joint and discusses the kinesiology of ankle motion.
Knee.Joint.Session 2
The document discusses the kinesiology of the knee joint. It describes the anatomy and functions of the medial and lateral menisci, which act as shock absorbers within the knee. The cruciate ligaments (ACL and PCL) are discussed, with the ACL preventing anterior translation of the tibia and the PCL limiting posterior translation. Injuries commonly involve tears to the menisci from torsional forces on the knee, while ACL injuries often occur when rapidly changing directions or landing from a jump. The knee allows for flexion/extension in the sagittal plane and internal/external rotation when flexed, with the axis of rotation migrating through the ranges of motion.
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Extensor mechanism of knee
- 2. INTRODUCTION • The knee joint is one of the largest and most complex joints in the body. It is constructed by 4 bones and an extensive network of ligaments and muscles
- 3. • Tibia femoral joint rotation translations screw home mechanism • Axial & rotation alignment of the knee • Patello femoral joint
- 4. Quadriceps muscles • Rectus femoris • Vastus lateralis • Vastus intermedius • Vastus medialis
- 5. • Rectus femoris L2L3L4 Hip flexion and knee extension profunda • Vastus mediuc L2L3L4 • Vastus intermedius L3>L2L4 knee extension femoris • Vastus lateralis L3>L2L4 artery
- 6. • ANTERIOR LAYER : Direct attachment by RF to patella • INTERMEDIATE LAYER : By attachment of VM and VL VL blended with the lateral patellar retinaculum and direct tibial insertion VM is more distally attached to patella • DEEP LAYER :Formed by tendon of vastus intermedius
- 7. • Patello tibial tendon attached to tibial tuberosity
- 8. The primary function of the patella is to increase the lever arm of the extensor mechanism around the knee, improving the efficiency of quadriceps contraction
- 10. • The extensor lever arm is greatest at 20 degrees of flexion and the quadriceps force required for knee extension increases significantly in the last 20 degrees of extension
- 11. The length of lever arm varies as a function of geometry of trochlea varying petallo femoral contact areas and the varying centre of rotation of knee
- 12. OPEN KINETIC CHAIN- during knee extension, tibia glides anteriorly on femur. more precisely, from 200 knee flexion to full extension, tibia rotates externally. During knee flexion, tibia glides posteriorly on femur and from full knee extension to 200 flexion, tibia rotates internally CLOSED KINETIC CHAIN - during knee extension, femur glides posteriorly on tibia. to be more specific, from 200 knee flexion to full extension, femur rotates internally on stable tibia. during knee flexion, femur glides anteriorly on tibia and from full knee extension to 200 flexion, femur rotates externally on stable tibia.
- 14. THE "SCREW HOME MECHANISM" the "screw-home" mechanism, considered to be a key element to knee stability, is the rotation between the tibia and femur. it occurs at the end of knee extension, between full extension (0 degrees) and 20 degrees of knee flexion. the tibia rotates internally during the open chain movements (swing phase) and externally during closed chain movements (stance phase). external rotation occurs during the terminal degrees of knee extension and results in tightening of both cruciate ligaments, which locks the knee. the tibia is then in the position of maximal stability with respect to the femur
- 15. THANK YOU