Hip Dislocation Essay

Hip Dislocation Essay
A dislocation of the actebulofemoral joint is a very serious condition and need immediate medical
attention. It is often accompanied with soft tissue damage; in this case a labral tear. In a case of a hip
dislocation and a labral tear, an open hip surgery will need to be executed. Following the surgery,
the athlete will enter phase 1 of the rehabilitation process. This phase is mainly focused on
protecting the repaired tissue, regaining passive range of motion, preventing muscular inhibition,
prevent gait abnormalities, decrease pain, and decrease inflammation. The main precaution of this
phase is that the patient should not push through pain or pinching in the hip because it may be
injuring healing tissue. Phase 1 will last for 6 weeks and
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Shooting A Bow Lab Report
Shooting a bow largely involves the use of the upper extremity. Between the needs of stabilization
and torque, many muscles in the upper extremity are utilized to perform an effective shot. However,
the lower extremity is also involved in bow shooting mechanics. Muscles in the lower extremity
perform both concentric and eccentric contractions to stabilize the body during all phases of
shooting a bow. Therefore, shooting a bow involves complex contractions of muscles throughout the
body. In the next few pages the joints and the muscular involvement of the shoulder, elbow, and
wrist during bow shooting will be discussed in depth.
As mentioned in the previous paragraph, the involvement of the upper extremity will be discussed in
detail as it relates to its function in the action of shooting a bow. The shoulder plays a huge role in
drawing the bow and keeping the string pulled back. The joints of the shoulder are vital when
performing these actions. The joints involved include: the sternoclavicular joint, ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The prime movers in the left shoulder that move it back to its neutral position are the anterior deltoid
and the bicep brachii. Concentric contractions followed by eccentric contractions of both of these
muscles move the shoulder from extension and abduction to it neutral state by flexing and adducting
the shoulder. The prime movers in the right shoulder are again the anterior and middle deltoid along
with the supraspinatus that contract isometrically to keep the shoulder in horizontal abduction.
When the right shoulder is let down after follow through, the prime movers are the triceps and the
posterior deltoids which eccentrically contract to extend the shoulder to its neutral position.
Therefore the muscles of the shoulder are exceedingly imperative to the action of shoot a

Caroline's Argumentative Essay
Caroline was about thirteen years old when she had her first life–changing injury. She said that she
loved to play sports. She hoped to become a star athlete in high school and maybe even swimming
in college. All of this changed when she was play basketball for her rural league team.
She said that it was a pretty good game. She remembered falling down and then screaming. She then
glanced at her leg, which was warped backwards.
Caroline was brought to a hospital and told that she had a dislocated patella. She wondered "How
does your kneecap come out of place?" Her body was in intense pain and tingling. To keep herself
distracted for the pain she traced the tracks on the ceiling of the room.
The doctors told her that it will be a couple hours ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
From the angles of her body, ligaments tight here and looser there, and there being no grove for the
patella to sit. After a while she was finally able to play sports with a brace.
After a year she was playing a game and fell again. This time it was her right knee. It scared her
cause it happened a total of five times. Since her patella dislocated a lot. The doctor said it would be
a high chance for it happening again. He said it would be better to have surgery on her left knee. He
said it would be a quality–of–life surgery, which meant that she wouldn't be able to play sports the
same way she used to.
She decided to have the surgery so she wouldn't have to deal it getting injured again. After the
surgery her parents moved her room to the main floor since climbing the stairs took a lot of energy.
Caroline will have to be on crutches for at least six weeks.
Caroline said her friends helped her get through the recovery stage after the surgery. They did
multiple things like painting her toes, bringing DVDs to watch, magazines. She even had her guy
friend come over to talk with her and hang out. She showed that she was really glad for her friends'
mental

Brain Injury Case Study
Patient 1 –Mike was an active baseball and football player in high school. Now at the age of 36, he
is still a professional athlete "wannabe." He has dislocated his shoulder many times, but even after
several hip injuries, he has never dislocated his hip.
a. Compare and contrast the anatomical physiology of the shoulder joint and the hip joint.
The shoulder and hip are considered ball and socket joints. In the shoulder, the "ball" of the humerus
fits into the "socket" formed by the shoulder blade. In the hip, the "ball' of the femur fits into the
"socket" of the pelvis. These joints allow the motion in the body. Also, the shoulder joint and the
joint are both synovial joints (diarthroses), meaning they both consists of:
1. A fibrous joint capsule ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There is a possibility that statin medication can contribute to this condition since they "appear to
affect ATP production by impairing mitochondrial function. Statins can alter the balance between
protein repair and degradation and risk are higher in adults with complex medical problems and
medication use"(Muscal, 2015, p. 1).
– Labs (K+ 6.0, Serum creatinine 1.6, serum creatinine kinase (CK) 6,000 units/L):
The "most important and clinically useful measurement is serum creatine kinase (CK) level and a
level five times the upper limit of normal (about 1,000 units/L) is used to identify rhabdomyolysis"
(McCance & Huether, 2014, p. 1550). The patient's elevated CK level is a hallmark sign of
rhabdomyolysis.
– Signs and symptoms (severe pain and weakness in her muscles; reddish–brown urine:
The classic triad of signs and symptoms of rhabdomyolysis is "muscle pain, weakness, and dark
urine (caused by myoglobinuria)"(McCance & Huether, 2014, p. 1550), however, this is only seen in
half of the patients. Muscular pain and tenderness muscle weakness are consistent with pressure

Shoulder Arthroscopy
Shoulder arthroscopy in a painless way
A largest and the most complex joint in our body is a shoulder joint. Shoulder joints form when the
humerus bone fits into the scapula thus creates a ball and socket structure. Ligament, muscles,
padding, tendons, cartilage are totally comprised by the shoulder joint. When anything goes wrong
the total mobility of shoulder becomes painful and discomfort. Some common problems affect
shoulders such as Nerve compression, Arthritis, Rotating cuff problem, arthroscopy, and shoulder
joint dislocation.
Arthroscopy is a surgical procedure with a minimally invasive to diagnose and treat the joint
abnormalities. Doing arthroscopy examination, the abnormalities of shoulders like detachments,
swelling and tears, loose

Case Study Patellar Dislocation
Patellar Dislocation and Subluxation With Phase I Rehab
The kneecap (patella) is located in a groove at the end of the thighbone (femur). Patellar dislocation
and patellar subluxation are injuries that happen when the patella slips out of its normal position. In
a patellar subluxation, the patella slips partly out of the groove. In a patellar dislocation, it slips all
the way out of the groove.
CAUSES
This condition may be caused by:
A hit to the knee.
Twisting the knee when the foot is planted.
RISK FACTORS
This condition is more likely to develop in:
Athletes in their teens and 20s.
People who have had this condition before.
People who play certain kinds of sports, including:
Sports that include quick turns ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Relax the muscles slowly and completely.
Repeat __________ times. Complete this exercise __________ times per day.
Exercise D: Straight Leg Raises, Hip Abductors
Lie on your side with your left / right leg on top. Your head, shoulders, knees, and hips should line
up. You may bend your lower knee to help maintain your balance.
Roll your hips slightly forward so that your hips are stacked directly over each other and your left /

right knee is facing forward.
Lift your top leg up 4–6 inches (10–15 cm), leading with your heel. Be sure that your foot does not
drift forward and that your knee does not roll toward the ceiling. You should feel the muscles in your
outer hip lifting.
Hold this position for __________ seconds.
Slowly lower your leg to the starting position and allow your muscles to relax completely.
Repeat __________ times. Complete this exercise __________ times per day.
Exercise E: Hip Extensors, Straight Leg Raises
Lie on your stomach on a firm surface. You can put a pillow under your hips if it's more
comfortable.
Tense the muscles in your butt and lift your left / right leg about 4–6 inches (10–15 cm). Keep your
knee straight as you lift your

Essay Paper on Total Knee Replacement Surgery
People undergo total knee replacement when arthritis or injury erodes the joint's natural cushioning
to the point where it's hard to walk even short distances without severe pain.
Knee replacements now cost the NHS more each year than total hip replacements. An ageing
population and an increase in obesity–related conditions are placing an increasing strain on NHS
resources, with the number of knee replacements performed rising by 15 per cent last year from
59,391 to 68,300. Doctors predict that by 2010, suchoperations could cost the NHS almost pounds 1
billion per year.
The average age for a total knee replacement is 70. Osteoarthritis, one of the four most common
problems linked to obesity, is the major ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are actually three reasons the doctor (an orthopedic surgeon) will recommend an artificial
knee. These are: 1) to relieve pain 2) to restore function and 3) to achieve stability. As the arthritic
knee becomes more painful, the patient will use it less. Function, therefore, is lost. As the arthritic
knee continues to deform, the patient will feel that the joint is wobbly or unstable.
The most common indication for total knee replacement is osteoarthritis, or degenerative joint
disease. The end stage of osteoarthritis is wearing out of cartilage (smooth, gliding bone ends)
resulting in bone–to–bone contact in diseased joints. It is progressive and becomes increasingly
painful as the cartilage erodes. Younger people who get knee replacements have damaged their
joints by trauma (accidents that destroy joint surfaces), infection, cancer or tumor, and inflammatory
conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis.
Painful knees are the most common manifestation of osteoarthritis, while osteoarthritis in turn is the
most common of the different kinds of arthritis. About 60 percent or more of arthritis sufferers have
this form. But this is not the most difficult. Rheumatoid arthritis is often deforming and most painful
of the hundred or so forms of arthritis.
Osteoarthritis can found in all weight–bearing joints such as the spinal column, the hips, the ankles,
and the knees. Osteoarthritis in the knees is

Functional Classification of Joints
A joint is the site where two skeletal elements connect(1). Joints can be classified by both structure
and function. Structural classifications are based on the type of connective tissue binding the
structures together and whether a joint capsule is present(2, 3). There are three structural
classifications of joints; fibrous, cartilaginous and synovial. Functional classifications are based on
the amount of movement present(2). There are three functional classifications of joints; synarthroses
which are immobile, amphiarthroses which are slightly mobile, and diarthroses which are freely
mobile(3).
Fibrous joints are classified as having articulating bones joined by dense regular connective tissue
(mainly consisting of collagen) and no joint cavity(3). Majority of fibrous joints are synarthroses or
amphiarthroses. The three types of fibrous joints are sutures, gomphoses, and syndesmoses. Sutures
are synarthroses joints present on the skull(2). The sutural ligament which is composed of
connective tissue fibers and is continuous with the periosteum joins the two skull bones(1,2).
Sutures give strength and allow growth of the skull during childhood(3). Once growth has occurred
the dense regular connective tissue becomes ossified and the bones fuse together(3). Gomphoses are
synarthrosis joints that only occur between teeth and sockets of the mandible and maxillae(3).
Collagen fibers in the periodontal ligament link the root of the tooth and the bony socket(1).

Shoulder Dislocation Report
Introduction
The most commonly dislocated diarthrodial joint in the human body is the glenohumeral joint in the
shoulder (Cutts et al., 2009). Shoulder dislocations are most prevalent in contact and collision
sports; such as football, rugby, soccer, and wrestling where the shoulder receives a brute external
force from another player or object (Mora et al., 2017). Furthermore, shoulder dislocations highly
dominate sporting activities involving overhead movements, and sports that put severe strain on the
shoulder and the rotator cuff muscles; such as white water kayaking, baseball pitchers, and
quarterbacks (McFarland et a., 1996). Greater than 95% over glenohumeral dislocations are anterior
(Speer, 1995). The 24 hours following a dislocated ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Therefore, numerous spectrums of instability types and associated lesions affecting capsuloabral,
ligamentous, and osseous structures can be identified (Stayner et al., 2000). The pathophysiology of
an anterior shoulder dislocation involves violent external rotation in abduction levers causing the
humerus to be dislodged from the glenoid socket, tearing the shoulder capsule and detaching the
labrum from the glenoid (the Bankart lesion) (Farber et al., 2006). Additionally, the posterior part of
the humeral head exits the joint, colliding with the anterior rim of the glenoid, producing a bony
depression at the back of the humeral head (the Hill Sachs lesion) (Farber et al., 2006). Furthermore,
anterior dislocation can occur when people fall with a combination of abduction, extension, and a
force directed posteriorly on the arm; this is a common mechanism in the elderly (Stayner et al.
2000). A fracture of the humeral head, neck or greater tuberosity can occur with a dislocation
(Stayner et al., 2000). In contrast, a posteriorly dislocated shoulder is less common. It is commonly
caused by external forces acting on the shoulder when the shoulder is held in internal rotation and
adduction caused by direct trauma experienced during sporting activities (Hegedus et al., 2008).
Additionally, it may be result from an epileptic fit,

Elbow Dislocation Essay
Elbow Dislocation
Involved Anatomy
The elbow is used for pronation and supination and is classified as a flexion extension hinge joint.
The elbow is made up of three bones; the humerus, ulna, and radius. Articular cartilage is what
covers the ends of the bones and the elbow consisting of two ligaments. The Medial Collateral
Ligament is on the inside of the elbow and the Lateral Collateral Ligament is on the outside, these
two ligaments are what keep the elbow stable. When a dislocation occurs, the strong connective
tissue surrounding the elbow joint gets torn from under the humerus bone. Elbow dislocations can
be complete or partial which are characterized by how the tear is torn. Also, there are 2 basic types
of elbow dislocations, simple and complex. A simple dislocation is where there isn't any fractures
around the elbow joint and complex is where there is a fracture along the ligamentous injury.
Injury Mechanism
An Elbow dislocation is usually occurred by direct impact. This injury is more common in children
and very traumatic. A posterior elbow dislocation is the most common and is described by falling
with an outstretched hand onto a hard surface or in sports such as ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
If the swelling is too severe, then the surgery might need to be delayed up to a week. There are two
surgeries recommended, but depends on the area fractured. The first one is if the radial head is
fractured, can be repaired with or without plates and small screws. If the injury isn't repairable, they
might replace the radial head with a metallic implant. The second one is if the top of the ulna, the
coronoid, is fractured then they will repair with sutures or screws. The patient cannot perform any
heavy lifting for 6 weeks following the surgery. The first 6 weeks to 3 months, regaining ROM is
the key. Exercises are begun after strengthening has occurred which could be after 3 months
depending on how severe the injury

Charcot Foot: Peripheral Neuropathy
Charcot Foot
By
Martin Vedder
Charcot neuropathic osteoarthropathy or more commonly referred to as Charcot foot is a condition
most often associated with diabetic neuropathy. This serious condition often affects the bones, joints
and soft tissues and can lead to serious deformation or even amputation of the lower extremity. So,
in the following paragraphs the causes, signs and symptoms, how it's diagnosed, treated, and typical
prognosis will be discussed.
The main cause of Charcot foot is repetitive injuries seen in patients who have peripheral
neuropathy. Peripheral neuropathy is defined as a break in communication, or damage done to, a
peripheral nerve resulting in a loss in varying degrees of sensation. Peripheral neuropathy has ...
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Surgical treatments are based on an expert's opinion. There are many surgical options depending on
the type and severity of the Charcot foot. If it's a mild deformity and the patient has tightness at the
back of the heel, surgical lengthening of the Achilles tendon can help decrease pressure on the front
of the foot. This would allow ulcers in that area to heal and will reduce the chance of them returning.
In more severe cases, a bony prominence is present on the bottom of the foot. If the deformity is
stable, surgery would include removing of the bony prominence. If, however, the deformity is
unstable, the bones would be too lose for a simple removal of the prominence as they would simply
move back into place post–surgery. In this case, it is likely that a new prominence would develop. If
this is the case, having the bones repositioned and fused is often necessary. If there is deformity in
the patient's ankle, a prescriptive shoe or brace is very often ineffective. In this case, surgical fusion
of both the ankle and the joint below it are often required to stabilize the foot. The amount of
damage in the bone and soft tissue present in ankle deformities due to Charcot foot make the risk of
the bone not healing and acquiring an infection high. Amputations are sometimes required in these
situations. It is also notable that in diabetics, the bones tend to

Darrach Procedure: A Case Study
TREATMENT
Conservative treatment is always the first approach and involves reduction or modification of
activity, occupational and physical therapy, splinting, and the use of NSAIDs or intraarticular steroid
injections (41).
In cases of instability due to fractures, reduction needs to be addressed first to ensure integrity of the
joint anatomy to allow soft tissue healing. In cases of distal radius fractures, reduction and
restoration of radial alignment is necessary and long term results show no difference in outcomes of
conservative or surgical approaches following adequate fixation (42). Ulnar head dislocations may
require reduction and temporary fixation with K–wires. For fractures of the ulnar styloid, fixation of
the radius alone may have the same results as ulnar styloid fixation ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
It is usually indicated for pain relief caused by distal RU disruption or RU arthritis and improves
pronation and supination. Its limitations include the possible developments of ulna impingement
syndrome, decreased grip strength and ulnar translation of carpals (44)(45). Since it leaves the
patient with low functionality, it is preferred for the elderly. It may also be combined with ECU or
FCU tendon slings to provide more ulnar support (46)(6). Various hemiresection procedures with
interposition of soft tissues between the remaining ulnar stump and radius are another option. A
more function preserving choice is the Sauvé–Kapandji procedure involving arthrodesis of DRUJ
which is more commonly preferred in young patients. Forearm pronation and supination are
maintained by creating a pseudoarthrosis of the ulna just proximal to the DRUJ arthrodesis. It differs
from the Darrach procedure in that it preserves ulnar support of the wrist, as the distal radioulnar
ligaments and ulnocarpal ligaments are maintained but painful instability of the proximal ulna stump
may persist

Essay on Root Cause Analysis of a Sentinel Event
ROOT CAUSE ANALYSIS OF A SENTINEL EVENT Diane Swintek Western Governors
University Root Cause Analysis of a Sentinel Event A root cause analysis (RCA) is a method by
which we can examine a serious adverse event and identify the cause, or causes, that led up to the
event. Although personnel are involved in these events, the primary purpose of the RCA is to
identify the cause, not to assign blame (Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2014). It is
through identifying a cause, or causes, of an adverse event that we can improve on patient care
processes and thereby patient safety. The RCA is designed as a specific protocol that starts with data
collection looking at the sequence of events that led to the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The discharge criteria in the policy states the patient will be fully awake, vital signs stable, no
nausea or vomiting, and the patient is able to void. All practitioners that provide moderate sedation
must complete a training module prior to providing moderate sedation, this includes personnel
assisting with the procedure. The first process failure was not meeting the required monitoring of the
patient as mandated by the moderate sedation policy. In the absence of ECG or respiratory
monitoring the sedation administered produced apnea then asystole without ED personnel being
aware of acute changes in the patient's condition. There is no explanation for why the patient was
not on continuous ECG monitoring. Equipment was found to be in good working order. Another
causative factor was the drug selection. The same moderate sedation–training module that
practitioners complete contains a section on appropriate drug selection. Moderate sedation is
designed to alter the level of consciousness of the patient while enabling the patient to maintain
independently a patent airway (Pinto, Bhimani, Milne, and Nicholson, 2013). The drugs used during
this procedure were a potent benzodiazepine and opioid analgesic. If using Valium for
sedation/relaxation a narcotic dose is reduced by one third or omitted entirely (Medscape, 2014).
The addition of the full dose of an

Distal Radioulnar Joint
The wrist is an anatomic linkage bridging the hand to the forearm. Eight bones of carpus and the
distal radius and ulna form complex articulation that allow 3 degrees of movement. The hand,
relative to the forearm, can flex and extend, pronate and supinate, and deviate ulnar and radial. [17]
In order to have such mobility while maintaining stability, the wrist has complex configuration of
ligaments and bones. Malfunction of the wrist occurs when the structural alignment of the bones has
changed or when the ligamentous constraints have been disrupted. [17]
The distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ)
Problems of the DRUJ have been called by Palmer as the "low back pain of the wrist. [18]
Over the last years, there has been a tremendous surge in research involving the anatomy, function,
and treatment of DRUJ pathology.
In the DRUJ: The shallow concave sigmoid notch of the distal radius articulates with the convex
asymmetric shaped ulnar head.
The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
1 : Types of sigmoid notch. [ 21]
There is also reported a palmar osteocartilagenous lip in 80% of the people which acted as a stable
buttress to palmar dislocation of the ulna.
The articulation of the sigmoid notch with the ulnar head allows rotation of the radiocarpal unit in
the transverse plane.[ 19]
The ulna head:
The medial area of it has a bony prominence, whichis known as the ulnar styloid process. This is the
point of attachment for soft tissue structures. The dorsal nonarticular portion of the ulnar head has an
osseous groove to accommodate the extensor carpi ulnaris tendon (ECU). Articular cartilage covers
a 90 to 135 degrees arc of the ulnar head, and only a 47 to 80 degree arc on the sigmoid notch.[20]
One important geometric joint characteristic of the DRUJ is the radius of curvature between the two
articulating surfaces. The radius of curvature of the ulnar head (averages 10 mm) is different from
the radius of curvature of the sigmoid notch (averages 15 mm). Consequently,

Terminology: Clinical Facilication
TERMINOLOGY
CLINICAL CLARIFICATION
A break or crack in any part of the bones that make up the ankle , which include the distal tibia,
distal fibula, talus, calcaneus
CLASSIFICATION
The two dominant classification systems in use for ankle fractures are the Lauge–Hansen and AO–
Danis–Weber schemes.
Lauge–Hansen Classification2,3 o Classification based on position of foot at the time of injury and
force on ankle leading to fracture:
Supination External Rotation–
 i. Medial malleolus transverse fracture or disruption of deltoid ligament
 ii. Lateral short oblique fibula fracture
 iii. Posterior tibiofibular ligament rupture
Pronation External Rotation–
 i. Medial malleolus transverse fracture
 ii. Anterior tibiofibular ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Spiral fracture of fibula above the level of the joint
 iv. Posterior tibiofibular ligament rupture
Supination Adduction–
 i. Distal fibular avulsion
 ii. Fracture of anteromedial distal tibia
Pronation Adduction–
 i. Medial malleolus transverse fracture
 ii. Transverse comminuted fracture of the fibula above the level of the syndesmosis
Danis–Weber Classification2,3 o Classification based on the location of the distal fibular fracture in
relation to the syndesmosis:
A: Infrasyndesmotic
 Fractures below the syndesmosis; usually associated with vertical medial malleolar fractures
B: Transsyndesmotic
 Fracture begins at joint level and extends proximally
C: Suprasyndesmotic
 Fractures above the joint line; usually associated with medial malleolous fracture
The Lauge–Hansen and Danis–Weber classification systems are both widely followed in practice
A comparison of these two systems suggests that: o Weber A = Lauge–Hansen Supination Adduction
o Weber B= Lauge–Hansen Supination External Rotation o Weber C= Lauge–Hansen Pronation

External Rotation4
Classification based on number of bones broken: o Unimalleolar o Bimalleolar o Trimalleolar1
DIAGNOSIS
CLINICAL PRESENTATION

My Love For Soccer, My True Love : My Life
Throughout the course of my life I have always been an athletic kid, I played various sports like
tennis, swimming, boxing soccer and ballet. Out of these sports, which are all unique and amazing,
I've always been the most passionate for soccer. My parents saw my love for soccer and decided to
take me out of all my other sports and allow me to focus on one; with their dedication as well as
mine, I have become the player I am today. I have played soccer since I was about 5 years old until
now, present day. Soccer has been my life, my true love, my everything. (107) However, my team
enrolled in a tournament located in Escondido, California. I thought this tournament would be just
like all the others but this one was going to be very ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After a month of being on crutches and being in the process of getting my MRI and my physical
therapy for my knee, I thought I was in the clear, until I got my MRI results back. (210)
This was probably going to be the most important day of my life, these simple results would decide
whether or not I could continue with my soccer career. Walking into the orthopedic center I had the
most anticipation i've ever experienced. After waiting about an hour I finally was seen by my doctor.
He told me the results were not good and that I partially tore my medial collateral ligament also
stretching my lateral ligaments out as well and without surgery I wouldn't be able to ever have a
chance to play soccer again. My family and I did not take this news very great. I stayed on crutches
for five months while we tried to decide what the actions we should take would be. During those
five months I am pretty sure my armpits almost fell off because the pain the crutches gave them but
not only that but I was taken away from soccer, my friends and my life was put on pause. Life went
on and I didn't know how to handle it. I still attended school, soccer practice but unable to play and
the world just kept going. (176)
After the course of those six rough months my family and myself came to a conclusion, not to go
forward with the surgery. As a substitute I was put into physical therapy with amazing trainers.
Three months went by and I began playing soccer again with

Case Study On Ankle Dislocation
Ankle Dislocation: Treatment, Rehab & Recovery Time
An ankle dislocation occurs when the bones that make up the ankle joint are moved from their
normal positions. Learn about the rehab, treatment, and recovery time for this injury.
________________________________________
Ankle Dislocation
I doubt you are a professional soccer player, basketball players, or any other type of professional
athlete at risk for dislocating an ankle due to the physical demands of your sports such as jumping,
kicking, and quickly pivoting (if you are, good for you!).
However, it does not require a person to be a professional athlete in order to dislocated an ankle.
This type of injury can occur to anyone doing something as simple as walking around your house or
jogging ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
An easy way to do this is to sit in a chair and prop the injured ankle on another chair or stool.
The R.I.C.E. protocol should be followed every couple of hours for the first 3 days following an
ankle dislocation, unless instructed otherwise by the doctor.
Rehab of an Ankle Dislocation
Following an ankle dislocation, it is usually recommended to not use or move the ankle for a
specific time period determined by the doctor. This time frame will differ from person to person
depending on the severity of the dislocation, location of the dislocation, health of the ankle prior to
injury, and other factors.
Once a person is able to move their ankle, physical rehabilitation of the ankle can begin. Rehab
usually starts with exercises to improve range of motion. Following a dislocation, the ankle joint is
often rigid, stiff, and difficult to move. Therefore, a person will need to perform exercises that are
designed to improve the range of motion of the ankle. Range of motion exercises for a dislocated
ankle include:
Dorsiflexion and Plantar Flexion–moving the foot directly up and down using the ankle joint
Ankle Circles–Moving your toes in a circle using the ankle

Different Types of Tears During Shoulder Dislocation Essay
With all of the tears, the first type of tear is one where the labrum is torn all of the way off of the
bone. This type of tear usually correlates with an injury to the shoulder where the shoulder has
subluxated or dislocated. Sometimes, this tear occurs and the individual does not realize that the
shoulder has slid out of the socket. This can make it much worse and cause other types of injuries to
the ligaments around the shoulder.
The second type of labrum tear is tearing within the actual labrum. The sides of the labrum after a
while may get frayed, meaning a slight tear where the labrum slowly starts to unravel like yarn, so
that the edge is no longer even and smooth. This type of tearing is proven to be pretty common and
rarely ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
All of the different tears have the same symptoms for the most part, as I explained before. There are
many different sports that one can find this injury in, especially when it is located in the shoulder.
Sports such as baseball, softball, tennis, football, frisbee, basketball and even hockey are just some
of the many sports that doctors have found this injury to be common in. This past year, a boy on my
brothers' hockey team tore his shoulder labrum at the beginning of the hockey season. He was not
able to practice, nor play in games during this time. Surgery for his injury was performed in
November, just as the hockey season was kicking off. His recovery is expected to take about 6
months because of the severity of the injury. He was originally in a sling for the first month.
Doctors' protocol had him icing everyday for at least two hours for the first month after surgery as
well. Once swelling began to go down, he began physical therapy. Currently, he's not allowed to lift
more than 20 pounds. Physical therapy is going really well and he is already supposed to shorten his
expected recovery time. He should be back in for this upcoming season.
There are a very small amount of easy treatments possible for this injury. Depending on the type of
labral tear and intensity of symptoms, one may need surgery. Most tears, both shoulder and hip, do
not depend upon surgery, but patients that obtain

Knee Joint Research Paper
The Knee Joint (tibiofemoral joint) is a bicondylar synovial joint named a hinge joint, which permits
flexion and extension with a slight degree of medial and lateral rotation. The joint is formed by the
two articulations between the femur, tibia and patella. The joint consists of two articulations. The
Tibiofemoral, which is, the medial and lateral condyles of the femur that articulate with the tibial
condyles. The second being the Patellofemoral, which is, the anterior and distal section of the femur
which articulates with the patella. The tibiofemoral joint is referred to as the weight–bearing joint of
the knee. Whereas the patellofemoral joint allows for the tendon of the quadriceps femoris (the
primary extensor of the knee) to be directly ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The knee has two collateral ligaments, which are strap–like ligaments, that stabilises the hinge
motion of the knee to prevent excess medial and lateral movement. The Tibial (medial) collateral
ligament originates on the medial side of the joint. It attaches to the medial side of the tibia to
prevent forces applied to the lateral side of the knee from moving the knee medially. The Fibular
(lateral) ligament is a thin and rounder ligament that attaches laterally to the epicondyle of the femur
to the fibular head. The knee joint has two internal ligaments, the anterior and posterior cruciate
ligaments which contribute to maintain the proper alignment of the knee. The anterior cruciate
ligament attaches to the anterior intercondylar region of the tibia where it mergers with the medial
meniscus. Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), located behind the ACL, which extends obliquely from
the surface of the medial condyle of the femur to the posterior intercondylar space of the tibia. The
PCL prevents the posterior dislocation of the tibia onto the femur. The medial and lateral menisci are
fibrocartilage structures in the knee that, protect and cushion the joint surface and bone ends and
increases stability of the joint. They are C shaped in appearance and attach at both ends of the
intercondylar

Knee Joint Case
The knee joint consists of three articulations: in the front is paltellofemoral articulation and other
two articulations are between condyles of femur and tibia 1,3. When the knee is in full extension,
rotation is impossible because the ligaments are tight. They will relax when the knee is flexed over
20 degrees and it will allow rotation 1,3.
The main elements for knee stability are tendons and ligaments. Fibrous connective tissue forms a
knee capsule, which is padded by a synovial membrane. Suprapatellar bursa is extended if a joint
effusion is formed 3.
The borders of popliteal fossa are biceps femoris muscle on the lateral side, semimembranosus
muscle and semitendinosus muscle on the medial side , gastrocnemius muscle on the lower part ...
Three main stability tests for anterior cruciate ligament are Lachman test, anterior drawer test and
pivotal shift1,3.
Lachman test is the most sensitive test. To perform Lachman test knee must be flexed 15–30 degrees
and after that the lower leg should be pulled forward while the femur is held in position. The test is
positive if there is displacement over 5 mm when we compare it to the other knee or when there is
no strong end point1,3.
The anterior drawer test is not that reliable for injury of anterior cruciate ligament. The hip should
be held at 45 degrees flexion, and knee in 90 degrees flexion. The foot should be pressed to the
examination table and upper part of tibia should be pulled forward. This movement should be
carried out first with the knee in neutral position and after that with the knee in external and internal
rotation. If there is an increased looseness of the knee in neutral position the ACL is probably
injured. Posteromedial capsule is likely to be injured if there is increased dislocation with external
rotation and posterolateral capsule if there is increased dislocation with internal

Effects Of Long Term Driving On Manibandha Sandhi
Effect of long term driving on Manibandha Sandhi (Wrist joint ) of Auto rickshaw drivers :
A Different overview on an occupational disease
Dr. Abhijit B. Patil
Associate Professor, Rachana Shareer Department, LBVK Manjara Ayurved Medical College, Latur.
(M.S.)
ABSTRACT : Anatomy is the branch of medicine where study of structures of human body is done
at the level of first year of academic course of every medical profession. The study is based on
systemic pattern. So many systems of human body like respiratory system, cardiovascular system,
central nervous system are studied theoretically & practically as well. Students has to dissect the
human body & observe anatomy of each & every part of the body. Musculoskeletal system is one of
the systems of the human body which is related to movements of body parts. Any pathological or
structural change in this system leads to non functioning of the joints. Hyperuse of any joint of the
body causes different clinical conditions & may become diseased. Wrist joint is the widely used
joint of the human body in our day to day work. But its overuse in particular professionals like
rickshaw drivers becomes worrysome after prolonged use.
KEY WORDS : Joint, rickshaw drivers, wrist, movements, pain
INTRODUCTION : Human body is basically is a very complex structure made up of various
tissues, organs & systems. Locomotion & gait of a human being is related with musculoskeletal
system. The locomotion &

Boxing: The Five Phases Of Boxing
Boxing, a fierce sport that requires both quick thinking and fast reflexes. The right hook is known
for its knock downs and defeats of even the most elite of players and was a popular spectator sport
in Ancient Rome. Since then the world of boxing has only grown, bringing out elite athletes like
Muhammed Ali and Mike Tyson. There are five phases of the Right Hook punch, the starting
position, the wind up phase, initial swing phase, contact phase, and lastly the recoil phase.
The start position will consist of moving the arms up to block the face requiring flexion of the
elbows at a little less than a 45o angle, the flexion of the elbow takes place with the mediolateral
axis along a sagittal plane (2). This will ensure the protection of the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
If the angle is more or less than 90o this makes the movement ineffective and is unable to provide
maximum power in the punch (6). A beginner boxer is more likely to extend their elbow and are
open to blocks from the opponents, while a more experienced boxer is able to angle their elbow and
drive more force into the punch. There is also the case with exaggerated movement and because
there is limited flexion in the elbow the boxer is more prone to a dislocated shoulder. Another two
stances that may affect a beginner is excessive wrist flexion with feet too wide apart and hands to far
from the face with excessive shoulder and wrist extension. Most professional boxers when they
complete a right hook they aim to knockout their opponent. If the hands of their opponent are far
from their face it leaves them vulnerable to these punches (7). As shown, neither of these stances are
going to prove effective and are more likely to result in injury. Both some beginners and
professionals are guilty of this action and that's ignoring pain or 'playing through', it could strain
muscles and further degenerate injured tissue. Therefore, it is best to rest then risk further injury

Body Injury Research Paper
Athletes in almost every kind of sport put massive amounts of wear and tear on their joints, bones
and muscles. If you play soccer, football, basketball, tennis or you cycle or run, you know how your
body can ache after a competition or even after a workout. In fact, you can do enough damage to
your body that a heating pad or aspirin aren't enough to help; you may, at some point, have to
consult an orthopedic surgeon in Frisco, TX to discuss therapies that go beyond home healing.
Which injuries require the help of a doctor?
Shoulder injuries from excessive, repetitive, overhead motion like the motions swimmers,
weightlifters, baseball pitchers and tennis players use include dislocation of the shoulder joint,
shoulder inflammation and rotator cuff damage.
Elbow injuries from ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Neck and back injuries from contact sports, driving sports and sports–related falls include fractures,
strains and sprains.
The orthopedic surgeon you consult in Frisco, TX will conduct a thorough examination before
deciding on a course of treatment. The doctor may suggest surgical or non–surgical procedures and
will describe to you exactly what the procedures are and what results to expect. Non–surgical
treatments include exercises to strengthen muscles, braces and anti–inflammatory pain relievers. The
surgical treatments your orthopedic surgeon in Frisco, TX may suggest include arthroscopy and
complete joint replacement.
At Texas Orthopedic Partners in Frisco, we have the experience and knowledge to diagnose and
treat your sports–related injury, whether you're a professional athlete or a weekend sports enthusiast.
To find out more about our doctors and the services we provide, visit www.texasorthopartners.com.
To make an appointment, call

The Call To Adventure : A Short Story
Introduction It was a cold winter evening, Bea Aria Grace–Rider is 70 years old now. She was
sitting by her fireplace in her rocking chair like she usually does at this time of day. Bea smiled
looking out of the window at her husband, James Night Rider, sitting on the porch talking to their
only son, Sunder Scar Rider. Scar's (Sunder's nickname) daughter walked over to Bea. "Grandma,"
She said as she sat down in front of Bea. "Yes, Astrid?" Bea smiled sweetly at her granddaughter.
"Tell me a story," Astrid smiled happily staring up at Bea. Bea looked out the window again then
back at Astrid, "Let me tell you a story about me and your grandpa..." Stage 1: Departure The Call to
Adventure "Before your grandpa and I lived here we lived in the center of the village. Now, the
center of the village was an amazing place to live. You lived by all of the merchants and
shopkeepers. If you befriended a shopkeeper or merchant some of them would give you discounts
on what they're selling." Bea said happily. "Why'd you two move?" Astrid asked. "Shush child I'll
get there," Bea chuckled. "Now where was I? Ah! So, one day i was walking around the market in
my new white and black corset; my red eye patch; a black coat; and my red red skirt. I was going to
my favorite stand, Mr. Nelson's Goods. We were good friends at the time... haven't talked to him
since sadly." Bea looked out the window for a second thinking. She then sighed and looked back at
Astrid smiling, "Anyways, Mr. Nelson was a

Case Study : Tommy John Surgery
Tommy John Surgery is an operation that repairs an injured elbow for mostly college baseball and
pro baseball athletes but also younger athletes. Generally, the surgery is done to pitchers, left or right
handed, that throw curve balls and sinker fastballs. Doctors call this the Ulnar Collateral Ligament
Reconstruction. UCLR is when there is repetitive stress damage to the elbow which was done first
to a former and famous baseball player named Tommy John in 1974 by Dr. Frank Jobe. The surgical
operation is done by which a ligament in the medial elbow is removed and then replaced with a
different tendon in the body. This tendon is often taken from the hamstring, forearm, or foot of the
person (Baseball Reference). The procedure takes the tendon and threads it through like a figure
eight pattern with holes that are drilled into the humerus and ulna bone. Most people say it's called
the "dead arm injury" (Baseball Reference). Tommy John played for the Los Angeles Dodgers as a
lefty pitcher. During a game, John was taken out of a game when he couldn't even make the ball to
the plate. He was pulled by his manager when John told him his arm was injured. After the game,
Dr. Jobe checked his arm out and told him to ice it and take a few days off and rest. John's elbow did
not improve and was sent to get x–rays. Dr. Jobe could not see the extensiveness of the injury in the
ligament so he sent Tommy to a specialists where he was told "rest and home therapy" (SABR).
After a month of

The Knee: The Largest Joint In The Body
The knee is the largest joint in the body. It is made up of four main bones. These are the femur, also
called the thigh bone, the fibula, which is the outer shin bone, the tibia which is the shin bone and
the patella or knee cap. The femur, the patella and the tibia are where the main movements of the
joint occur. The knee is actually three separate joints. Two are between the femur and the tibia and
one is between the patella and the patellar femur. There are two ligaments that help to stabilize the
knee. These are the anterior cruciate ligament (acl) and the medial collateral ligament (mcl). Each
ligament has a special function to help maintain knee stability in many different positions. At full
extension, a slight lateral rotation of the

Dislocated Knee Research Paper
Dislocated Knee A dislocated knee can happen when the bones that form the knee are not where
they need to be. When a knee is dislocated, the ligaments that hold the knee together must tear. That
is only in a really bad case. There is a type of dislocation that we all know where it's just the patella
(kneecap) that gets disrupted, and that's called subluxation. In these kinds of dislocations, the
ligaments aren't torn, they're just disrupted. If you treat a dislocated knee inappropriate or too late,
there is a possible chance of losing the leg. Knee dislocations usually happen after major trauma or
accidents. In example, falls, car wrecks, and any high speed injury. If your knee is ever dislocated, it
will be deformed. It will not be in a straight

Closed Reduction Speech
Introduction
A closed reduction is a procedure to align bones that have moved out of place. A knee dislocation
occurs when one of the leg bones slips out of its normal position in the knee socket. It typically
involves the bones in the lower leg (tibia or fibula) in relation to the thigh bone (femur). Knee
dislocation in a leg with an artificial (prosthetic) knee joint is not common. When this injury occurs,
it is a medical emergency that needs to be treated right away.
A closed reduction is not surgery. It is done without cutting your skin open. During a closed
reduction, a health care provider will rotate your bone and apply pressure to put the bone back into
the socket.
Tell a health care provider about:
Any allergies you have.
All medicines ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A splint, brace, immobilizer, or cast will be placed to hold the knee in position while it heals.
The procedure may vary among health care providers and hospitals.
What happens after the procedure?
Your blood pressure, heart rate, breathing rate, and blood oxygen level will be monitored until the
medicines you were given have worn off.
Imaging tests will be done to check whether there is damage to blood vessels or nerves around your
knee. This may include a test that involves injecting a special dye into your blood vessels and
looking at the dye through a CT scan (angiogram). An MRI or Doppler ultrasound could also be
done.
You may need to wear the splint, brace, immobilizer, or cast for up to 6 weeks. You may be given
crutches to help you move around.
Do not drive for 24 hours if you were given a sedative.
Summary
A closed reduction is a procedure to align bones that have moved out of place. It is not surgery.
During a closed reduction, a health care provider will rotate your bone and apply pressure to put the
bone back into the socket.
You will be given medicine to help control pain during the procedure.
You may need to wear a splint, brace, immobilizer, or cast for up to 6

The Injury Of A Knee Injury
There are many 206 bones in the human body, but three main bones that make up our ankle. The
three main bones that make up our ankle are the tibia, which is the shinbone, the fibula, which is the
smaller bone on the leg, and the talus, which is a small bone that sits between the calcaneus, the
tibia, and the fibula. The inside part of the tibia is called the medial malleolus. The back part of the
tibia is called the posterior malleolus. The end of the fibula is called the lateral malleolus. There are
two main joints in the ankle. One of the joints is the ankle joint. The ankle joint is where the tibia,
fibula, and talus meet. The other main joint is called the syndesmosis joint. This is the joint that is
between the tibia and fibula. When an ankle does not heal correctly, it is called a nonunion.
There are many ways to cause an ankle injury. Twisting or rolling an ankle can create ankle injuries.
Tripping over something or falling down can also cause ankle injuries. There are many ways to tell
if an ankle is broken. These symptoms are severe pain, swelling, colored bruising, unable to put any
weight on it, or dislocation. If someone has these symptoms, they should go see a physician. "The
incidence of ankle fractures is approximately 187 fractures per 100,000 people each year" (U.S.
National Library of Medicine). There are approximately seven billion people on this planet. On
average, there are 13,090,000 ankle fractures every year. There are many different types of ankle

A Brief Note On Proximal Tibiofibular Joint Dislocation
Proximal Tibiofibular Joint Dislocation
A proximal tibiofibular joint dislocation happens when the two bones of the lower leg (tibia and
fibula) move out of place. This can happen because of injury or because of an underlying condition
that weakens the bones.
A break (fracture) of one or both of the bones can also happen with this injury. Symptoms usually
resolve 1 to 2 weeks after treatment.
CAUSES
This condition may be caused by:
Injury.
Bone infection.
RISK FACTORS
This condition is more likely to develop in:
People who play sports.
People who are double jointed.
SYMPTOMS
Symptoms of this condition may include:
Pain in the outer knee and ankle. Pain may get worse when moving or putting weight on the leg.
Bruising and swelling around the knee or ankle.
Weakness of the leg.
Locking or catching of the knee.
A bump on the outer side of the knee.
Numbness or inability to move (paralysis) below the dislocation.
DIAGNOSIS
This condition is diagnosed based on a physical exam and your medical history. You may have X–
rays to check for fractures.
TREATMENT
This condition is treated by having your bones moved back into place (reduction). This can be done
manually, by your health care provider. If your dislocation is severe, you may need to have surgical
reduction.

After reduction, you should rest, ice, raise (elevate), and apply pressure (compression) to the injured
area. You may be given a cast or a splint to keep your leg

Slip In Nb Lab Report
Slip in bcc metals has a lot in common, although each material has its own subtleties [70].
Investigation of slip in Nb dates to over 60 years ago, when several researchers deformed single
crystal Nb under different experimental conditions [80, 84, 89–91]. More attention has been put into
Nb over the past few decades, as it became the material of choice to build SRF cavities. The
following paragraphs will concentrate on slip in high purity Nb at room temperature, which is the
condition of SRF cavity manufacturing.
Maddin and Chen used optical slip trace analyses and X–ray Laue diffraction to identify slip only on
{110} planes in Nb at room temperature in both tension and compression across the unit triangle
[80]. In the work of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Comparison using the {110} slip systems or a combination of both {110} and {112} slip systems
does not give the same correlation. The rotation of tensile axes can also be explained by the
dominance of {112} slip systems at yield [48].
A ratio between the shear stress of the two most–stressed intersecting {112} slip systems below 1.1
correlates well with hardening at yield, suggesting that the combined twinning/anti–twinning and
non–glide shear stress effects may only alter the critical resolved shear stress by a small amount
[48]. Thus, many of these details may not be necessary for inclusion into practical models for the
deformation of large grain Nb. In fact, initial results from Mapar et al. suggest that non–Schmid
effects are small in Nb, and surprisingly, the Schmid–based model predicts the stress–strain behavior
of the Ningxia tensile samples better than the non–Schmid model in most cases [92].
The dominance of {112} slip at yield followed by {110} slip for the rest of deformation appears to
comply with the theory of Seeger et al. [48, 85], which suggests that the high purity screw
dislocation core relaxation is on {112} planes, and impurities change the core relaxation to {110}
planes. This indicates that the total

3 Types Of Rare Fracture
Since there are some common types of fractures that popularly occur, there are also some rare ones
that are unexpected; there are three types of the majorly rare fractures. Common fractures may be
predictable and may seem obvious, yet the rare ones can be unexpected and need an x–ray to be
figured out. The first one is called a Dislocation. According to Ashby, "Dislocation – bones are
separated at the joint" (Ashby 18). This type of fracture is a fracture when there is a break in the
bones joined with a joint. An example of this type of a bone fracture occurring would probably be
American Football and Rugby for falling on a joint and the surrounded bones would definitely be
dislocating a bone from it's point. The second most rare one is commonly

My Personal Experience: My Experience In Swimming
Most of my experiences that made me form this belief were at important occasions such as
competitions. Every summer I have a competition where I swim a preliminary race to qualify for the
prefectural competition. This year, I was very eager to swim in competitions. I looked at my
schedule to find out that I had four competitions in a row and the most important race I would be
swimming was the last one out of six races. Normally, I would've been very worried because I knew
I lacked stamina and wouldn't be able to perform at my best condition. However, I was too excited
to be worried. The race wasn't satisfactory, but I passed the qualification time by about eight seconds
which brought me to the next swim meet. I only had a week to prepare for it and time went by in a
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Even though I would have been under so much pressure, I was so confident in myself that I wasn't
even nervous. I don't remember anything that happened during the race but when I looked at my
time, it was my personal best. The list of the names of the people who qualified had come up on the
electric bulletin board. I was in 4th place. I had just half an hour to get ready for the finals, which
was a tough schedule for me because I was exhausted. I became very nervous. Adding on to that, my
coach kept saying that it would be nice if I came in third place, pressuring me even more. I made
good use of that half an hour, and I was completely ready for my last race of the day. I looked
around and saw the members I was about to compete with. I could feel the tension building up
around me. I heard the whistle blow and thinking that I have nothing to lose, I dove into the water.
Again, my mind was blank during the race. As soon as I hit the touchpad, I glanced at the electronic
screen and saw that I had come in third place with my personal best by almost two seconds. I also
had only 0.6 seconds until the nationals and I even qualified for the Tokai area

My Strengths And Challenges In My Life
Every individual will – at some point in their life – face obstacles that can hinder their growth;
however, it is up to each individual to decide whether these obstacles will stop them entirely or
carve them into a stronger, more perseverant being. I have faced various obstacles in my life, but I
believe that my obstacles – specifically those related to my shoulder health – have developed me
into the resilient man I am today. To explain, three days into my freshman year, I tore my labrum in
my right shoulder at football practice. Although I had surgery to repair it, I knew my chances of
being a three–sport athlete were diminished. I was forced to stop playing football and wrestling, but
I was lucky enough to be cleared to play baseball. High school baseball was my dream ever since I
was a child, so I knew what it meant to the younger kids in my community. Now, it was my time to
show them who I was, and I refused to let that be taken from me. For this reason, I began devoting
much of my time to baseball.
My first season went well, but my team did not do as well, so I couldn't wait for summer baseball.
Unfortunately, while playing in the summer, I began to feel intense shoulder pain. Initially, I tried to
hide my pain because I was scared that baseball would be taken from me. Eventually, though, I
couldn't hide my pain and I dislocated my left shoulder several times in a single game. I faced a
similar obstacle a year prior, and I decided once again to have surgery to repair my

Sporting Injuries
Option 3 Sports Medicine.
Scenario 1:
1. Sporting injuries are classified into 3 different categories, with 2 sub groups:
==> Direct – meaning an injury caused by a direct force or blow to the body.
==> Indirect – meaning the injury isn't caused by contact with anybody, but internal forces built up
by the body and the actions of the body.
==> Overuse – meaning excessive or repetitive force exerted on the bones or other connective
tissues.
After classifying weather the injury was direct, indirect or overused, it must then be classified into:
==> Hard Tissue – meaning those injuries involving damage to the bones of the skeleton. This
ranges from fractures to dislocations.
==> Soft Tissue – meaning those injuries that involve the soft connective tissues of the body, ...
==> ACTIVE MOVEMENT – without touching the injury sight, I would ask the player to attempt
to perform a variety of movements. This would include flexion, extension and rotation. If these
movements can be performed without pain I would proceed onto the next step of the assessment.
==> PASSIVE MOVEMENT – as the assessor of the injury I would precede to physically mobilise
the joint. This would ensure that I would be able to identify and painful areas of instability of the
joint. I would use a range of movements to test for this, including flexion, extension and rotation.
==> SKILLS TEST – in the final phase of TOTAPS I would get the player to preform a series of
skills that will enable me to ensure they are physically fine. In this instance I would get the player to
do some dodging and sudden change of direction, movements that are involved in a game of netball.
Once the skills have been examined and to my satisfaction, I would allow the player to return for the
game.
3. To manage the soft tissue ankle injury, I would implement

Synovial Joint Creation Research Assignment
Synovial Joint Creation/Research Assignment
Assignment Outline
Name: (Your name and Partners) ¬¬¬¬¬¬¬
Anatomical Term for your Joint:
Required Information:
a) Movement (and restrictions of movement) in the joint
– Planes, type of movement (eg. Adduction) (frontal and sagittal)
– The human elbow is the summation of 3 articulations. The first 2 are the ones traditionally thought
of as constituting the elbow: the humeroulnar articulation (the synovial hinge joint with articulation
between the trochlea of the humeral condyle and the trochlear notch of the ulna) and the
humeroradial articulation (the articulation between the capitulum of the humeral condyle and the
concavity on the superior aspect of the head of the radius). The third is a pivot–type synovial joint
with articulation between the head of the radius ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Triceps brachii: This muscle at the back of the upper arm extends the arm and fixes the elbow when
the hand is used for fine movements.
Brachioradialis: A forearm muscle that flexes the arm, extends it straight, and pulls it together at the
elbow.
Anconeus: This muscle helps extend the elbow joint.
Brachialis: This muscle helps flex the elbow inward toward the body.
Pronator teres: This muscle extends from the head of the humerus over the elbow to the ulna bone to
help flex the elbow.
d) Common Injuries (mechanism, resulting damage, treatment) –– 2–4 injuries!
– Only done if no model
Lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow)
Forearm muscles extend wrists and fingers
Tendon usullly involved in tennis elbow is called the extensor carpi radialis brevis

Rotator Cuff Research Paper
Rotator cuff tendons are prone to degeneration leading to swelling with sub–luxation due to
continuous active and passive forces. Rotator cuff pathology includes tendinopathy, tendinosis and
bursitis, as well as rotator cuff tears. Most common indication for rotator cuff tears include
increasing age and traumatic shoulder injury. Clinical symptoms for rotator cuff injuries include
shoulder pain, weakness and loss of range of motion. However, these symptoms are common in
various diseases; differential diagnosis includes labral tears, glenohumeral ligament tears or sprains,
coracoacromial and arcomioclavicular ligament tears and sprains, osteoarthritis, adhesive capsulitis,
proximal peripheral neuropathies and cervical radiculopathy. Hence, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Thus helps in treatment planning and prognosis. Multiple factors are to be considered during
treatment planning. It is important to identify the disorder and its clinical implications, to ensure the
most appropriate treatment. Nevertheless, the choice of imaging test depends on personal
experience, preference, local availability and the cost of imaging. The American College of
Radiology has developed informative criteria that rate the relative usefulness of various imaging
modalities for the evaluation of shoulder pain in different clinical scenarios. However, the diagnostic
algorithm will ultimately be influenced by the therapeutic approach. The use of various imaging
techniques to determine rotator cuff injuries is very controversial. Thus a technique used should not
only be informative but cost effective as well. Arthrography is invasive with much health risk. US is
a non–invasive, relatively inexpensive, no risk of exposure to radiation and therefore, can be used as
initial line of investigation. MRI is sensitive and specific, to detect correct site and extent of tear and
also non–rotator cuff related pathologies like

Advantages Of The Irc Structures
2.5.1. Practical Limitations
Min et al (2011) report that despite the advantages of the IRC structures described above, the cost of
SMAs relative to conventional reinforcing materials (such as steel), in conjunction with the large
amounts of concrete that are used in practice make IRCs viable for only extremely specialised
applications.
Due to the thermomechanical propertied of SMAs, the IRC properties may vary with the ambient
temperature (Menna et al, 2014; pg33).
In addition, as the mechanism of the martensite to austenite phase transformation requires heating,
the actualisation of the large–scale heating of the IRC poses an extra hurdle to their application. Min
et al (2011) also note that certain hydration products of cement are unstable at and following
treatment at elevated temperatures, which could lead to uncertainty following treatment for damage
recovery. However, control of the stoichiometry of the SMA used may allow the required Af
temperature to be low enough to prevent such uncertainties. Heat treatments and cold–rolling may
also be used to manipulate the transformation properties of SMAs (Mahesh et al, 2009).
2.5.2. Stoichiometric Considerations
SMAs are extremely sensitive to changes in composition (Menna et al, 2014; pg33). Small changes
can significantly change the mechanical properties of the material and so strict quality control is
required to ensure suitable properties. The Ti–Ni alloy system is examined in detail above.
Various ternary alloys can

Persistent Shoulder Pain
Are you suffering from persistent shoulder pain, limited shoulder movement or weakness? These
could be signs of a separated shoulder or other shoulder injury. Other common symptoms include
shoulder bruising or swelling, a bump and swelling at the top of your shoulder, weakness in your
shoulder or arm or other general shoulder pain. Common causes of a separated shoulder include:
Causes:
A direct blow to the shoulder
A fall that results in landing directly on your shoulder
Sports–related injury typically resulting from a contact sport such as football or hockey or sports
that have a high–risk of falls such as skiing, gymnastics, or volleyball
Most people recover completely from a separated shoulder with conservative treatment, however
problems

Hip Dislocation Essay

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