Hindlimb vascular system
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The document discusses the arterial blood supply to the hind limb of animals. It provides an overview of the major arteries including the caudal tibial, saphenous, caudal femoral, and plantar arteries. A schematic shows the external iliac, femoral, popliteal, cranial tibial, dorsal pedal, and dorsal metatarsal arteries as the major arterial supply to the hind limb. The document also notes that the dorsal metatarsal III (great metatarsal artery) is the main blood supply to the plantar digital vessels and crosses between the third and fourth metatarsals.
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to download this presentation from this link
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أَيَّاً يَكُن
رواية أياً يكن للدكتور محمد القزاز, و يتحدث فيها عن قصة حياته خلال دراسته الجامعية في كلية الطب و معلناً عن لعنه لهذه الكلية شاهراً نقده للجامعة و المجتمع و عمادة الكلية.
يتعرض الكتب لعدد من المتاعب خلال رحلته لاثبات حقه في قضية القصة, و يحاول الكاتب أن يعرض الاحداث في اطار من الكوميديا الساخرة ..
قصة حقيقة للكاتب :)
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قصة حقيقة للكاتب :)
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Describe the distal end of the tibia and be able to identify:
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• the sharp anterior border
• the subcutaneous anteromedial surface or “shin”
• the interosseous border
• the medial malleolus
• articular surfaces
Describe the distal end of the fibula and be able to identify:
• the shaft
• the interosseous border
• the lateral malleolus with grooves for peroneal tendons
• articular surface
Identify the key features of the seven tarsal bones:
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medial, lateral and anterior tubercles
the sustentaculum tali
peroneal trochlea
• the talus:
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neck
body
dome
posterior tubercle with groove for flexor hallucis longus
• the cuboid with groove for peroneus longus on the plantar surface
• the navicular with tuberosity for the insertion of tibialis posterior
• the five metatarsals with fifth tuberosity for peroneus brevis
• the phalanges with 2 on big toe, 3 on others
• sesamoid bones at base of 1st metatarsals
Describe the structure, function and maintenance (bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments) of the arches of the foot:
medial longitudinal
lateral longitudinal
transverse
Identify the attachments and understand the functions of the deep fascia:
• plantar aponeurosis
• fibrous septa of the sole
• extensor, flexor and peroneal retinaculae
Describe the components & function of the foot & ankle joints:
• ankle joint:
articular surfaces
fibrous capsule
synovial membrane
Ligaments (medial/deltoid, lateral/tri-fascicular)
Movements (plantar/dorsi flexion)
• subtalar joints:
• distal tibiofibular joint
• talo-calcaneo-navicular (mid-tarsal) joint
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• interphalangeal
Recognise the shape, size and attachments of:
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• the short plantar (plantar calcaneocuboid) ligament
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Explain the relevant anatomy of:
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• fracture of the second & fifth metatarsals
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• the three degrees of ankle sprain
• the ratio of lateral to medial ankle ligament sprains
• plantar fasciitis and calcaneal spur
• pes planus
• hallux valgus and its predominance in females
• the ankle jerk and plantar reflex
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Identify:
• the antero-posterior and lateral views of the distal tibia, fibula and foot bones
• the ankle joint space
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PREPARED BY: MUHAMMAD ARIFF B. MAHDZUB
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210 lower limb rs
This document provides an overview of the anatomy of the lower limb. It begins by outlining the objectives of describing the basic anatomy of the bones, joints, muscles, vasculature, lymphatics and nerves of the lower limb. It then divides the lower limb into various regions including the gluteal region, thigh, knee, leg, ankle and foot. For each region, it provides details on relevant bones, ligaments, muscles, vessels and nerves. It emphasizes the functions of muscles and describes common clinical conditions that physical therapists and radiologists may encounter involving the lower limb.
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After completion of this presentation, it is expected that the students will be able to
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Describe the distal end of the tibia and be able to identify:
• the shaft
• the sharp anterior border
• the subcutaneous anteromedial surface or “shin”
• the interosseous border
• the medial malleolus
• articular surfaces
Describe the distal end of the fibula and be able to identify:
• the shaft
• the interosseous border
• the lateral malleolus with grooves for peroneal tendons
• articular surface
Identify the key features of the seven tarsal bones:
• the calcaneus
calcaneal tuberosity
medial, lateral and anterior tubercles
the sustentaculum tali
peroneal trochlea
• the talus:
head
neck
body
dome
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• the cuboid with groove for peroneus longus on the plantar surface
• the navicular with tuberosity for the insertion of tibialis posterior
• the five metatarsals with fifth tuberosity for peroneus brevis
• the phalanges with 2 on big toe, 3 on others
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Describe the structure, function and maintenance (bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments) of the arches of the foot:
medial longitudinal
lateral longitudinal
transverse
Identify the attachments and understand the functions of the deep fascia:
• plantar aponeurosis
• fibrous septa of the sole
• extensor, flexor and peroneal retinaculae
Describe the components & function of the foot & ankle joints:
• ankle joint:
articular surfaces
fibrous capsule
synovial membrane
Ligaments (medial/deltoid, lateral/tri-fascicular)
Movements (plantar/dorsi flexion)
• subtalar joints:
• distal tibiofibular joint
• talo-calcaneo-navicular (mid-tarsal) joint
• tarso-metatarsal joints
• metatarsophalangeal
• interphalangeal
Recognise the shape, size and attachments of:
• the long plantar ligament
• the short plantar (plantar calcaneocuboid) ligament
Clinical Anatomy
Explain the relevant anatomy of:
• the differences between the superior and inferior tibiofibular joints
• fracture of the second & fifth metatarsals
• ankle sprain with fractured shaft of fibula
• the three degrees of ankle sprain
• the ratio of lateral to medial ankle ligament sprains
• plantar fasciitis and calcaneal spur
• pes planus
• hallux valgus and its predominance in females
• the ankle jerk and plantar reflex
Radiological Anatomy
Identify:
• the antero-posterior and lateral views of the distal tibia, fibula and foot bones
• the ankle joint space
BLOOD SUPPLY OF LOWER LIMB
PREPARED BY: MUHAMMAD ARIFF B. MAHDZUB
BACHELOR MEDICINE AND SURGERY (MBBS)
UNIVERSITY COLLEGE SHAHPUTRA, KUANTAN
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Visit my Blog for more on Dentistry and Medicine :
http://dentistryandmedicine.blogspot.com/
Free Download e Books,PPT's and Lecture notes
Contents
Knee Joint anatomy with Diagrams
Anatomical Components of Knee
Anatomy of Patella
Innervations of the Knee
Knee Movements
Osteoarthritis in the Knee
Management of Disorders in Knee joint
Lower Limb Leg
This document summarizes the anatomy of the leg. It describes that the leg is divided into four compartments - anterior, lateral, superficial posterior, and deep posterior. Each compartment contains specific muscles innervated by nerves like the tibial nerve and deep/superficial peroneal nerves. The anterior compartment contains muscles that dorsiflex the ankle and extend the toes like the tibialis anterior. The lateral compartment contains muscles that evert the foot like the peroneus longus and brevis. The posterior compartments contain plantarflexor muscles like the gastrocnemius, soleus and flexor digitorum longus that are supplied by the posterior tibial artery.
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This document discusses the veins of the lower limb. It begins by describing the anatomy and classifications of veins in general. It then focuses on the specific veins of the lower limb, including the superficial greater and small saphenous veins and deep femoral, profunda femoris, popliteal, peroneal, anterior tibial, and posterior tibial veins. The document concludes by discussing deep vein thrombosis (DVT), its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatments including anticoagulation and compression stockings.
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a) anterior and posterior branches of the thoracic nerves
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1. Arteries cranial to the heart, including coronary and brachiocephalic arteries.
2. Branches of the thoracic aorta, including bronchial, esophageal, and intercostal arteries.
3. Branches of the abdominal aorta, including celiac, anterior mesenteric, renal, and other arteries supplying the abdomen and pelvis.
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1. Blood supply of the upper limb. Major arterial anastomoses of the upper extremity.
2. The veins of the upper limb.
3. Innervation of the upper limb. Schematic representation of the innervation of the skin of the upper limb.
4. Lymphatic vessels of the upper extremity.
Variation in origin of Lateral Circumflex Femoral Artery: A Case Report
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This document reports on a case study of anatomical variations observed during a cadaver dissection. Specifically, it describes an unusual origin of the lateral circumflex femoral artery. In the cadaver, the lateral circumflex femoral artery originated directly from the femoral artery 7 cm below the inguinal ligament, rather than from the profunda femoris artery as normally seen. Previous literature reports variable origins of this artery in 15-22.7% of cases. Knowledge of variations is important for surgical and diagnostic procedures involving the femoral region to avoid complications.10th week -_arteries_i
The document describes the structure and branches of arteries throughout the body. It begins by describing the layers of arterial walls. It then discusses the different types of arteries in detail, from the large elastic arteries like the aorta, to medium and small muscular arteries, arterioles, and capillaries. It provides an overview of the circulatory pathways for oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. Finally, it describes the major arteries throughout the body in detail, including the branches and territories supplied by each.
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This document discusses the vascular supply and blood vessel encasement/involvement of different types of meningiomas in 3 locations: anterior skull base, middle skull base, and posterior skull base. It lists the specific arteries that supply each type of meningioma and the blood vessels that can become encased, such as the internal carotid artery in anterior skull base meningiomas. The document is a reference for neurosurgeons regarding the angiographic features and vascular involvement of meningiomas in different skull base regions.
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The upper limb is divided into several anatomical regions, each with distinct structures and functions.
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The document provides information about anatomy topics including:
- Anterior choroidal artery syndrome features complete hemiplegia, hemianesthesia, and homonymous hemianopia.
- Resection of liver segments 2 and 3 is referred to as a left lateral segmentectomy or left lateral sectionectomy.
- The vertebral artery passes through the foramen magnum.
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Cell junctions allow for communication and coordination between cells. The major types of intercellular junctions in animals are tight junctions, gap junctions, desmosomes, and adherens junctions. Tight junctions form seals between cells to prevent leakage, while gap junctions allow communication through exchange of materials. Desmosomes fasten cells into sheets, and adherens junctions provide strong mechanical attachment between cells. In plants, plasmodesmata are channels that enable transport and communication between neighboring plant cells.
Embryology ppt
This document discusses the stages of human development from conception through the embryonic period. It describes the processes of gametogenesis and meiosis that produce egg and sperm cells. After fertilization, it outlines the prenatal development periods from zygote to blastocyst implantation. The major embryonic period of organ development from weeks 4-8 is examined, including the formation of germ layers and tissues. Embryonic folding processes that shape the embryo into its final form are also outlined.
Basic embryology
The document provides an overview of basic human embryology. It describes how a zygote forms from the fusion of an egg and sperm, then divides and develops over successive weeks. During the first few weeks, the embryo develops from a single cell to a blastocyst stage, with inner cell mass and trophoblast layers. The inner cell mass then forms three germ layers - ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm - which give rise to all bodily tissues. Over subsequent weeks, major organs and body structures develop from these layers, including the notochord, neural tube, somites and coelomic cavities. By 8 weeks, all major organs have formed in a rudimentary state.
Nervous tissues
Nervous tissue is specialized to react to stimuli and conduct impulses throughout the body. It consists of neurons, which are nerve cells that transmit electrical signals rapidly. The nervous system is divided into the central nervous system (CNS) of the brain and spinal cord, and peripheral nerves that connect the CNS to organs and muscles. There are three main types of neurons - sensory neurons transmit signals from receptors to the CNS, motor neurons transmit signals from the CNS to effectors like muscles, and interneurons connect sensory and motor neurons.
Muscles
There are three main types of muscle: skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle. Skeletal muscle is voluntary and controls movement of the skeleton. It has a striated appearance due to repeating sarcomere units. Cardiac muscle makes up the heart walls and contracts involuntarily but also has a striated appearance from sarcomeres. Smooth muscle is found in blood vessels and organs and contracts involuntarily without striations, as its contractile proteins are arranged randomly rather than in sarcomeres. Skeletal and cardiac muscles are also called striated muscle due to their dark and light bands visible under a microscope.
Junctions between cells
This document discusses different types of junctions that connect animal and plant cells. It describes four main types of junctions in animal cells: tight junctions, adherens junctions, gap junctions, and desmosomes. Tight junctions seal adjacent epithelial cells and control molecular passage between cells. Adherens junctions provide strong mechanical attachment between cells. Gap junctions allow small molecules and ions to pass between cells. Desmosomes hold epithelial cells tightly together. The document also discusses plasmodesmata, which connect plant cells and allow communication between them through extensions of their plasma membranes.
Histology of muscle
This document summarizes the histology and classification of muscle tissue. There are three main types of muscle: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle. Skeletal muscle is striated and voluntary. Cardiac muscle is striated and involuntary. Smooth muscle is non-striated and involuntary. Skeletal muscle is composed of elongated cells with multiple nuclei and striations due to the overlapping actin and myosin filaments. Cardiac muscle cells are branched with central nuclei and intercalated discs. Smooth muscle cells are spindle-shaped with a single central nucleus. The document focuses on the histology and structure of skeletal muscle.
Cartilage
There are three main types of cartilage: hyaline, fibro, and elastic. Hyaline cartilage is the most common and found in places like the ribs and nose. It has fine collagen fibers that give it strength. Fibro cartilage is found in intervertebral discs and is the strongest type, with thick collagen fibers arranged to withstand stress. Elastic cartilage contains elastic fibers and is located in places requiring flexibility like the ear.
Terminology used in livestock production
This document defines common terminology used in livestock production, including:
- Breed refers to a group of animals related by descent that share similar characteristics.
- Species is a group of individuals that can interbreed but are distinct from other groups.
- Terms like sire, dam, calf, heifer, cow, and bull refer to the male and female parents and offspring at different ages or conditions.
- Other terms describe processes like gestation, parturition, lactation, and the intervals between calving and reproductive cycles.
- Genetic terms explain concepts like genotype, phenotype, alleles, dominance, and heritability which influence animal traits.
- Additional terms identify animal groupings, products,
Social media
This document summarizes several major media platforms: Facebook is a social networking site with over 1.3 billion users that allows users to share photos, messages and activities. Google is a multinational corporation specializing in internet services like search engines and online advertising. Twitter is a microblogging site where users share 140-character messages called tweets, with over 100 million users posting 340 million tweets per day. YouTube is a video sharing website where users can upload, view and share videos, and is owned by Google.
Livestock terminology
This document defines common livestock terminology used for different animal species. It provides definitions for general terms like breed, breeding animal, dam, flock, and herd. It then lists terminology specific to popular livestock including cattle (calf, heifer, cow, steer, bull), chickens (chick, broiler, pullet, hen, cockerel, rooster), goats (kid, wether, doe, buck), pigs (barrow, boar, gilt, hog, pig, sow), sheep (ewe, lamb, ram, wether), turkeys (poult, hen, tom), horses (foal, colt, filly, gelding, pony, mare, stall
poultry terms
The document defines over 100 terms related to poultry anatomy, health, breeding and husbandry. It describes parts of chickens like the abdomen, beak, comb and feathers. It also defines common diseases, medications, housing structures and equipment used for raising poultry. Terms cover the lifecycle from eggs to chicks to mature chickens and include classifications of breeds.
Development of embryo
The document outlines the key developmental stages of an embryo from fertilization through the 8th week. It discusses the formation of the blastocyst and attachment to the uterine lining in the 1st week. In the 2nd and 3rd weeks, the formation of the germ layers and notochord occur, along with gastrulation and neurulation. Somites begin to form in the 3rd week. Limbs and major organ systems develop through the 4th to 8th weeks as the embryo grows and differentiates.
Parts of a chicken digestive tract
The chicken digestive tract begins at the mouth and includes the crop, proventriculus, gizzard, small intestine, ceca, large intestine, and cloaca. Food enters the mouth and is pushed to the crop for temporary storage before passing to the proventriculus for digestion. The gizzard then grinds food using strong muscles before it moves to the small intestine for further digestion and nutrient absorption. Digestion waste is eliminated through the cloaca.
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM OF A GOAT
The endocrine system works with the nervous system to regulate and control bodily functions through the secretion of hormones. The major endocrine glands include the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries, and testes. Hormones are chemical messengers that are released into the bloodstream and target specific cells and tissues to bring about longer-term physiological adaptations in the body.
Hemodynamics lect notes (1)
The circulatory system transports nutrients, oxygen, hormones, blood cells, and removes waste through the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems. Blood circulates through arteries and veins, carrying oxygen to tissues and waste away. Lymph circulates through lymph vessels, returning excess fluid to blood. The cardiovascular system comprises the heart and blood vessels. The heart pumps blood which circulates through two loops - pulmonary circulation to the lungs and systemic circulation to the body. Hemodynamics is the study of blood flow and factors influencing circulation like blood pressure, volume, and vessel resistance.
Lymphatic system lecture notes (1)
The lymphatic system includes lymph vessels, lymph nodes, the spleen, thymus, tonsils, and bone marrow. It works to maintain fluid balance, absorb fatty acids, and fight infection. Lymph vessels carry lymph fluid and drain excess tissue fluid, returning it to the bloodstream. They also carry white blood cells to filter lymph in lymph nodes, removing pathogens and cancer cells. The filtered lymph then continues through the lymphatic system before draining into the blood via the thoracic duct.
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- 1. 1
- 2. 2 FACULTY OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES BLOOD SUPPLY TO THE HIND LIMB By: • SYED SAHZAIB MUHAMMAD
- 3. Arterial Supply to Distal Limb: Overview caudal tibial saphenous caudal femoral plantar arteries anastomosis (at hock) plantar metatarsal arteries deep plantar arch perforating tarsal (prox. perf. branch) external iliac femoral popliteal dorsal pedal dorsal metatarsal a. III (great metatarsal a.) cranial tibial (dist. perforating branch) m. & l. digitals
- 4. Schematic of Major Arterial Supply From the Mediclip image bank ext. iliac femoral popliteal cr. tibial dors. pedal d. metatars. III dist. perf. branch digital aa. palpable
- 5. 5 medial view (Sack and Habel p. 104)
- 6. 6 Origin of (Plantar) Digital Vessels lateral plantar main blood supply from dorsal metatarsal III (great metatarsal a.) crosses between MT III & IV (as distal perforating br.) medial and lateral plantar (and plantar metatarsal, not shown) arteries join plantar digitals at fetlock divides into medial and lateral digital arteries
- 7. 7 The End