High school students experience significant cognitive, physical, social and emotional development. Their brains mature to allow for more abstract thinking and improved problem solving skills. Physically, puberty is completed and sexual maturity is reached. Socially, teens develop a stronger sense of identity and form closer relationships with peers and romantic partners. They also engage in more advanced decision making but still demonstrate impulsive behavior at times due to the later development of the prefrontal cortex.
This presentation describes the health challenges of adolescents, the approaches to interviewing an adolescent during a clinical encounter and the characteristics of an adolescent friendly health facility.
Adolescence is a period where significant physical, emotional, mental changes take place. This presentation covers the nature of adolescence, physical changes, issues in adolescent health and adolescent cognition.
PSYCHOLOGICAL ISSUES AND REMEDIES IN ADOLESCENT CHILDREN( 6TH - 12TH STANDAR...Dr Rupa Talukdar
How to deal with students: a clear picture giving emphasis on emotion, personality, learning skill & learning style and knowledge of right peg into the right hole leaving behind the traditional belief
1 Understanding Human DevelopmentApproaches and TheoriesAbbyWhyte974
1 Understanding Human Development:
Approaches and Theories
29
markferguson2/Alamy
Learning Objectives
1.1 Outline five principles of the lifespan developmental perspective.
1.2 Discuss three theoretical controversies about human development.
1.3 Summarize five theoretical perspectives on human development.
1.4 Describe the methods used in studying human development,
including types of data and designs.
1.5 Discuss the responsibility of researchers to their participants and
how they may protect them.
Digital Resources
Resilience: It Takes a Village
Poverty and Brain Development
Second Couplehood in Late Adulthood
Nature and Nurture
Educational Aspirations
Sociocultural Influences on Development: Desegregation
Children of Katrina: Longitudinal Research
Childhood Exposure to Lead
Voluntary Participation in HIV Research
Master these learning objectives with multimedia resources available at
edge.sagepub.com/kuthertopical and Lives in Context video cases
available in the interactive eBook.
30
Think back over your lifetime. How have you grown and changed through
the years? Do your parents describe you as a happy baby? Were you
fussy? Do you remember your first day of kindergarten? What are some of
your most vivid childhood memories? Did you begin puberty early, late, or
was your development similar to others your age? Were your adolescent
years a stressful time? What types of changes do you expect to undergo in
your adult years? Where will you live? Will you have a spouse? Will you
have children? What career will you choose? How might these life choices
and circumstances influence how you age and your perspective in older
adulthood? Will your personality remain the same or change over time? In
short, how will you change over the course of your lifespan?
What is Lifespan Human Development?
This is a book about lifespan human development—the ways in which
people grow, change, and stay the same throughout their lives, from
conception to death. When people use the term development, they often
mean the transformation from infant to adult. However, development does
not end with adulthood. We continue to change in predictable ways
throughout our lifetime, even into old age. Developmental scientists study
human development. They seek to understand lifetime patterns of change.
lifespan human development An approach to studying human
development that examines ways in which individuals grow,
change, and stay the same throughout their lives, from conception
to death.
Table 1.1 illustrates the many phases of life that we progress through from
conception to death. Each phase of life may have a different label and set
of developmental tasks, but all have value. The changes that we undergo
during infancy influence how we experience later changes, such as those
during adolescence and beyond. This is true for all ages in life. Each phase
of life is important and accompanied by its own demands and
opportunities.
Change is the most obv ...
1 Understanding Human Development:
Approaches and Theories
29
markferguson2/Alamy
Learning Objectives
1.1 Outline five principles of the lifespan developmental perspective.
1.2 Discuss three theoretical controversies about human development.
1.3 Summarize five theoretical perspectives on human development.
1.4 Describe the methods used in studying human development,
including types of data and designs.
1.5 Discuss the responsibility of researchers to their participants and
how they may protect them.
Digital Resources
Resilience: It Takes a Village
Poverty and Brain Development
Second Couplehood in Late Adulthood
Nature and Nurture
Educational Aspirations
Sociocultural Influences on Development: Desegregation
Children of Katrina: Longitudinal Research
Childhood Exposure to Lead
Voluntary Participation in HIV Research
Master these learning objectives with multimedia resources available at
edge.sagepub.com/kuthertopical and Lives in Context video cases
available in the interactive eBook.
30
Think back over your lifetime. How have you grown and changed through
the years? Do your parents describe you as a happy baby? Were you
fussy? Do you remember your first day of kindergarten? What are some of
your most vivid childhood memories? Did you begin puberty early, late, or
was your development similar to others your age? Were your adolescent
years a stressful time? What types of changes do you expect to undergo in
your adult years? Where will you live? Will you have a spouse? Will you
have children? What career will you choose? How might these life choices
and circumstances influence how you age and your perspective in older
adulthood? Will your personality remain the same or change over time? In
short, how will you change over the course of your lifespan?
What is Lifespan Human Development?
This is a book about lifespan human development—the ways in which
people grow, change, and stay the same throughout their lives, from
conception to death. When people use the term development, they often
mean the transformation from infant to adult. However, development does
not end with adulthood. We continue to change in predictable ways
throughout our lifetime, even into old age. Developmental scientists study
human development. They seek to understand lifetime patterns of change.
lifespan human development An approach to studying human
development that examines ways in which individuals grow,
change, and stay the same throughout their lives, from conception
to death.
Table 1.1 illustrates the many phases of life that we progress through from
conception to death. Each phase of life may have a different label and set
of developmental tasks, but all have value. The changes that we undergo
during infancy influence how we experience later changes, such as those
during adolescence and beyond. This is true for all ages in life. Each phase
of life is important and accompanied by its own demands and
opportunities.
Change is the most obv ...
This presentation describes the health challenges of adolescents, the approaches to interviewing an adolescent during a clinical encounter and the characteristics of an adolescent friendly health facility.
Adolescence is a period where significant physical, emotional, mental changes take place. This presentation covers the nature of adolescence, physical changes, issues in adolescent health and adolescent cognition.
PSYCHOLOGICAL ISSUES AND REMEDIES IN ADOLESCENT CHILDREN( 6TH - 12TH STANDAR...Dr Rupa Talukdar
How to deal with students: a clear picture giving emphasis on emotion, personality, learning skill & learning style and knowledge of right peg into the right hole leaving behind the traditional belief
1 Understanding Human DevelopmentApproaches and TheoriesAbbyWhyte974
1 Understanding Human Development:
Approaches and Theories
29
markferguson2/Alamy
Learning Objectives
1.1 Outline five principles of the lifespan developmental perspective.
1.2 Discuss three theoretical controversies about human development.
1.3 Summarize five theoretical perspectives on human development.
1.4 Describe the methods used in studying human development,
including types of data and designs.
1.5 Discuss the responsibility of researchers to their participants and
how they may protect them.
Digital Resources
Resilience: It Takes a Village
Poverty and Brain Development
Second Couplehood in Late Adulthood
Nature and Nurture
Educational Aspirations
Sociocultural Influences on Development: Desegregation
Children of Katrina: Longitudinal Research
Childhood Exposure to Lead
Voluntary Participation in HIV Research
Master these learning objectives with multimedia resources available at
edge.sagepub.com/kuthertopical and Lives in Context video cases
available in the interactive eBook.
30
Think back over your lifetime. How have you grown and changed through
the years? Do your parents describe you as a happy baby? Were you
fussy? Do you remember your first day of kindergarten? What are some of
your most vivid childhood memories? Did you begin puberty early, late, or
was your development similar to others your age? Were your adolescent
years a stressful time? What types of changes do you expect to undergo in
your adult years? Where will you live? Will you have a spouse? Will you
have children? What career will you choose? How might these life choices
and circumstances influence how you age and your perspective in older
adulthood? Will your personality remain the same or change over time? In
short, how will you change over the course of your lifespan?
What is Lifespan Human Development?
This is a book about lifespan human development—the ways in which
people grow, change, and stay the same throughout their lives, from
conception to death. When people use the term development, they often
mean the transformation from infant to adult. However, development does
not end with adulthood. We continue to change in predictable ways
throughout our lifetime, even into old age. Developmental scientists study
human development. They seek to understand lifetime patterns of change.
lifespan human development An approach to studying human
development that examines ways in which individuals grow,
change, and stay the same throughout their lives, from conception
to death.
Table 1.1 illustrates the many phases of life that we progress through from
conception to death. Each phase of life may have a different label and set
of developmental tasks, but all have value. The changes that we undergo
during infancy influence how we experience later changes, such as those
during adolescence and beyond. This is true for all ages in life. Each phase
of life is important and accompanied by its own demands and
opportunities.
Change is the most obv ...
1 Understanding Human Development:
Approaches and Theories
29
markferguson2/Alamy
Learning Objectives
1.1 Outline five principles of the lifespan developmental perspective.
1.2 Discuss three theoretical controversies about human development.
1.3 Summarize five theoretical perspectives on human development.
1.4 Describe the methods used in studying human development,
including types of data and designs.
1.5 Discuss the responsibility of researchers to their participants and
how they may protect them.
Digital Resources
Resilience: It Takes a Village
Poverty and Brain Development
Second Couplehood in Late Adulthood
Nature and Nurture
Educational Aspirations
Sociocultural Influences on Development: Desegregation
Children of Katrina: Longitudinal Research
Childhood Exposure to Lead
Voluntary Participation in HIV Research
Master these learning objectives with multimedia resources available at
edge.sagepub.com/kuthertopical and Lives in Context video cases
available in the interactive eBook.
30
Think back over your lifetime. How have you grown and changed through
the years? Do your parents describe you as a happy baby? Were you
fussy? Do you remember your first day of kindergarten? What are some of
your most vivid childhood memories? Did you begin puberty early, late, or
was your development similar to others your age? Were your adolescent
years a stressful time? What types of changes do you expect to undergo in
your adult years? Where will you live? Will you have a spouse? Will you
have children? What career will you choose? How might these life choices
and circumstances influence how you age and your perspective in older
adulthood? Will your personality remain the same or change over time? In
short, how will you change over the course of your lifespan?
What is Lifespan Human Development?
This is a book about lifespan human development—the ways in which
people grow, change, and stay the same throughout their lives, from
conception to death. When people use the term development, they often
mean the transformation from infant to adult. However, development does
not end with adulthood. We continue to change in predictable ways
throughout our lifetime, even into old age. Developmental scientists study
human development. They seek to understand lifetime patterns of change.
lifespan human development An approach to studying human
development that examines ways in which individuals grow,
change, and stay the same throughout their lives, from conception
to death.
Table 1.1 illustrates the many phases of life that we progress through from
conception to death. Each phase of life may have a different label and set
of developmental tasks, but all have value. The changes that we undergo
during infancy influence how we experience later changes, such as those
during adolescence and beyond. This is true for all ages in life. Each phase
of life is important and accompanied by its own demands and
opportunities.
Change is the most obv ...
Understanding the Health Problems, Risk Factors & Treatment in AdolescenceEPIC Health
Adolescence is the period of transition from childhood into adulthood - a phase of life when significant physical, psychological, emotional changes take place in our body and mind. Learn more about adolescence and health.
Guidance and Counselling lessons on Social and Emotional problemskiranjustinejoseph
Social and Emotional problems of adolescence is an issue of international concern. the degree and types of problems may vary from nations to nations considering various factors of that country. but in general, developing minds go through a similar process and we can find the similarity of problems across the nations.
I need a brief summary . Only page and a half. no reference. Origi.docxevontdcichon
I need a brief summary . Only page and a half. no reference. Original 100% no plagiarism.
For tomorrow no more late than 9 am.
Thanks!
EMERGING ADULTHOOD
Body, Mind, and
Social World
KEY
Points
• Emerging adulthood (roughly ages 18 to 25) is a new period of development,
characterized by later marriage and more education, as well as robust good
health.
• Sexual impulses and reproductive health reach a peak during emerging adulthood,
although the birth rate tends to be much lower today than in previous
centuries. Many nations are below the replacement rate of 2.1 births per woman.
• During emerging adulthood, risk taking is prevalent, sometimes constructively
and sometimes not. Edgework and violent death both increase, especially in men.
• Drug abuse and addiction increase during emerging adulthood; social norms
are powerful influences on drug use.
KEY
Points
• Experience as well as maturation advance cognition in emerging adulthood.
Young adults are better able to combine emotions and rational analysis.
• Stereotype threat appears when emotional fears overwhelm cognition. This selfhandicapping
prejudice is common among many groups, but it may be overcome.
• Over the years of college, students gradually become less inclined to seek absolute
truths from authorities and more inclined to draw their own conclusions.
• In every nation, the sheer number of college students has multiplied, and their
goals and backgrounds have become more diverse. Despite all the changes,
college education still seems to advance intellectual development during
emerging adulthood.
KEY
Points
• Personality patterns are evident lifelong, in part because genes and early childhood
are influential. Nonetheless, emerging adults may modify some traits and
develop others that were not evident in earlier years.
• For most people, emerging adulthood is a happy time, as the various transitions
increase a sense of well-being.
• The diathesis–stress model of psychological disorders suggests that genetic
vulnerability, past experiences, and current stresses combine to cause serious
psychological problems in some people.
• A minority of emerging adults are disabled by severe depression, anxiety disorders,
and schizophrenia.
KEY
Points
• Identity achievement is often not attained until adulthood.
• Two aspects of identity often take time to achieve: ethnic identity and vocational
identity. Many people do not select a career or find a job they like until age 25
or later.
• Intimacy needs are strong during emerging adulthood. Friendships, romances,
and family all help young adults meet these needs.
• Far fewer emerging adults marry today than in earlier decades.
Cohabitation
has become much more common.
Cultural and National Differences
Emerging adulthood is a new period of development, characterized
by later marriage and more education. Age variations are
apparent; nonetheless, ages 18 to 25 can be described as a distinct
period worldwide.
All the body systems function optimal.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
2.
2
As teens transition from mid to late adolescence, their cognitive
abilities also mature. Cognitive abilities in teens shift from only
thinking on a concrete level to a more abstract understanding
of what could be possible.
High school aged adolescents develop strong critical thinking
skills and are able to problem solve better than younger peers.
The increased problem solving of the adolescent brain, new and
continued questioning of personal identity, along with social
pressure all lead to teens changing interests and hobbies such
as fashion, music, jobs, religion, political issues, and social
causes.
These changes and increased exposure allow them to think
more critically in the classroom, and also plan for the future,
balance many activities, appreciate other’s opinions, and better
understand the effects of their decisions.
While late adolescents are better able to make decisions and
control their actions than children, they are not fully equipped
with the cognitive tools to do so until early adulthood. There are
two main components of the brain responsible for judgment and
impulse control—the limbic system and prefrontal lobe.
The limbic system develops first, and deals mostly with emotions;.
The prefrontal cortex develops later, and aids in judgment and
decision-making. The delayed development of the prefrontal
cortex contributes to the likelihood that adolescences will still
react impulsively by partaking in reward- seeking, novelty, risk-
taking, and sensation-seeking behaviors without sound
judgment.
Cognitive
DevelopmentStudents’ cognitive skills are expanding to
include deductive and systematic
reasoning that allow for the processing of
multiple variables and scientific inquiry.
Metacognitive skills and knowledge
improve during adolescences as students
become more focused and in control of
their own thoughts.
Vocabulary
Terms to know when
working with High
School Students
Adolescent Egocentrism:
Assumption that all share one’s
thoughts, feelings, concerns;
teens become focused on own
their ideas.
Executive Functioning: The
neuropsychological skills that we
need to plan, focus and
remember.
Egocentricity: The assumption
that others experience the world
the way you do.
Person-Environment Fit Theory:
Theory that development and
learning are greatest when the
needs and characteristics of the
learner fit the characteristics of
the learning environment.
Stereotype Threat: Extra
emotional and cognitive burden
that your performance is a given
situation might confirm a
stereotype others may have
about you.
3. jhhjghgh
3
Puberty
By high school adolescence, the majority of males and females
has already entered into puberty, and has begun to see
changes in their physical appearance.
By the end of puberty, both girls and boys have an adult
shape. Characteristics marking maturation for girls are
developed breasts and hips. For boys, an adult shape is
marked by a developed penis and broadened shoulders. Both
males and females will have lower, more adult voices as well as
nearly full adult height and shoe size. While both boys and girls
gradually grow taller until age 25, most females reach their
adult height by 15 or 16 years old; boys will not reach their adult
height until approximately 19 years old. The rate of maturation
may lead to physical, social, and emotional effects on teens.
A national trend shows that puberty is happening earlier in the
lives of young males and females – a secular trend. The causes
of this secular trend are not conclusive, but research suggests a
number of factors including healthcare, nutrition, or increased
toxins in the environment.
Nutrition and Sleep
During high school adolescence, teens begin to develop
patterns in diet, physical activity, lifestyle and exercise. Many of
the patterns adopted during adolescences can impact the
habits well into adulthood as well.
The increased physical growth during middle and late
adolescence requires additional energy, protein, vitamins and
minerals. However, many teens make poor nutritional choices,
contrary to their body’s needs during puberty. These poor
choices can be contributed to the heightened focus on body
image and physical appearances. Teens are unable to weigh
the cause, effects and risks of such choices, and thus eating
disorders can be a problem fro both boys and girls during
puberty – but often are undetected in males.
Teens require at least 9 hours of sleep per night, but many of
their biological clocks are not set as adults or young children.
This causes many adolescents to be sleep deprived as they
struggle to fall asleep during conventional nighttime hours.
Many teens struggle to fall asleep before midnight.
From 70 – 90% of teens in the
United States reported engaging
in sexual intercourse by the age of
18.
Early sexual activity can impact
behavior, aggression and
depression during adolescence. It
can also be linked to students
having fewer positive connections
with peers, and a negative outlook
on school.
There are two widely accepted
approaches to sex education in the
United Stated: Abstinence Only
(AO) and Comprehensive Sex
Education (CSE).
Abstinence Only curriculums
teach that sex should always be
delayed until marriage.
Most research shows that AO is
not effective in preventing sexual
activity, but it can contribute to
delayed first experiences.
Comprehensive Sex Education
programs include information
about birth control, condoms and
STI prevention.
Sexual
Development
Physical Development
In High School Adolescence
4.
4
Physical Activity
Boys do tend to be more active than girls at
most every developmental age; however,
there is little biological difference between
males and females in terms of physical
activity in late adolescence. The U.S.
Department of Health does recommend
that teens engage in at least 60 minutes of
daily physical activity. Unfortunately,
approximately only 64% of females and
73% of males in the 9th grade are getting enough daily exercise. These
percentages continue to drop throughout high school.
Threats to Health & Well-‐‑Being
Teenagers can be impulsive and lack self-‐‑control, especially when
interacting with peers and within their social groups. Adolescents also
feel overly optimistic and invulnerable. These characteristics can often
lead to teens taking part in tobacco use, drug and alcohol abuse, and
reckless driving.
Over the last 20 years, such risky behaviors have led to an increase
mortality rates for teens. Specifically for motor vehicle and alcohol-‐‑
related crashes. Motor vehicle crashes of all types (involving and not
involving alcohol) are most often the leading cause of death amount
American teenagers each year. It can be assumed that the increased use
of technology, such as cell phones and text messages, have contributed
to this statistic.
Approximately 27% of 10th graders report having used an illicit drug in
the last year. This number increases throughout high school. Alcohol
is the most widely used drug by teenagers, followed my marijuana.
Students who have a negative connection with school and poor
relationships with their teachers are more likely to partake in such
risky behaviors.
As mentioned previously, early sexual activity can influence additional
risky behaviors such as tobacco, drug and alcohol use. Sexual activity
can also lead to HIV/AIDS. Across the globe, half of the new HIV
infections are among adolescents.
Vocabulary
Body Image: An
individual’s dynamic
perception of his or her body
– how it looks, feels and
moves.
Secular Trends: The trend
for menarche and other
events in puberty to be
experienced earlier with
each new generation.
Primary Sex Characteristics:
Physical characteristics
directly involved with
reproduction
Secondary Sex
Characteristics: Physical
characteristics that are not
needed for reproduction but
are markers for mature
Continued: Physical Development in H.S. Adolescence
5. jhhjghgh
5
There are three cognitive aspects that support forming and
communicating a life story:
• The ability to use language and memory to establish
a coherent description of the teens identify.
• The metacognitive ability to reflect on situations and
then ask such questions as, “Why did I do that?” or
“Why did that happen?”
• An understanding that, in addition to self, others
have thoughts, feelings, and personal histories as
well.
During high school, older adolescents have the opportunity
to develop personal narratives through creating
autobiographies, participating in job/college interviews,
keeping diaries or journals, and introducing themselves to
new friends or possible dates.
Teens connect with each other through a language of
their own. This teen specific language may include special
vocabulary and varied pronunciations that may change
depending on time, place or situation. This
communication also varies based on cultural influence,
generational trends, and technology.
Language &
Literacy
A main aspect of adolescent language
and literacy is the development of the
personal life story. Adolescents begin to
see themselves as a consistent figure
across different situations and multiple
time spans. This development
contributes to personal identify.
Technology
and the
Language of Leadership
Based on a 2006 digital
community study (Cassell,
Huffaker, Tversky, & Ferriman),
young leaders did not use
traditional language of adult
leaders when describing
global issues online.
Traditional adult leaders use
powerful vocabulary and
contribute many of their own
thoughts and ideas. In
contrast, young leaders focus
on the group’s goals and refer
to group more often then
themselves.
The study suggest that the
language of young leaders
may reflect community
engagement when discussed
within the online and digital
forum.
6.
6
Much like their younger counterparts, older
adolescents belong to peer groups that identify with a
specific set of values or common set of behaviors.
These groups are often guided by a set of rules that
are understood by all members of the group. Rules
might include the following: how to dress, talk, style
hair, or interact with others.
Romantic relationships provide older adolescents with
an increased feeling of self-‐‑esteem and sense of self-‐‑
worth. Teens who engage in romantic relationships
experience more conflict and more severe mood
swings than their non-‐‑dating peers. This conflict may
be a result of how males and females view the need
for dating. Male teens most often date for sexual
reasons. Female teens are most often looking for a
close and personal relationship. Girls are also often
uncertain of sexual activity.
Peer Culture: The social
values and norms for behavior
that different groups of
adolescents share.
Peer Pressure: The influence
peers have on each other’s
attitudes and behaviors.
Peer Groups: Social groups
formed on the basis of shared
interest and values; they are
typically composed of children
of the same age, sex,
race/ethnicity, as well as other
commonalties.
Selection: The process by
which adolescents choose
friends and peer groups.
Deviancy Training: Learning
that occurs in peer groups
when members talk favorably
about breaking rules and
engaging in delinquent
behaviors.
Vocabulary
Peer Relationships
Moral Development
7. jhhjghgh
7
Teens can often describe themselves in conflicting ways as
a result of their setting, situation or circumstance. These
contradictions can lead to teens asking themselves, “Who
is the real me?” Adolescents are very concerned with how
others perceive them, and rely on the opinions of others to
try and determine the “real me”. Teens will listen to the
opinions from peer groups and cliques to determine which
are the best attributes to adopt. However, as groups and
cliques shift, their opinions of popular or favorable
attributes also change.
Older adolescents can begin to recognize the difference
between their “real” self and the identity they develop in
response to group/clique opinions. As teens begin to
recognize this difference they begin to ask themselves,
“How do I like myself?” If teens feel there is a large
discrepancy between their true identity and their social
identify, they can develop a negative self-esteem and
personal image.
Throughout high school, as adolescents become older,
many teens become less concerned about the opinions of
groups and cliques. During this time, teens become less
concerned with peer pressure and more concerned with
the reality of their future.
Self Identity
Development
Adolescents will try out many different roles
and most will begin to emerge with a strong
sense of self throughout their tenure in high
school. This journey may be more difficult for
some, but identity is viewed as a gradual,
life-long process.
Vocabulary
Terms to know when
working with High
School Students
Identity Achievement: The result
of healthy exploration and
decision-making regarding
identities involved in occupations,
political and religious afflictions
and relationships.
Identity Foreclosure: Occurs
when adolescents make
commitments without exploring
options.
Identity Diffusion: A state in which
adolescents re not exploring
identity alternatives or making
commitments.
Gender Intensification:
Adolescents’ decline in flexibility,
which reflects their enhanced
self-consciousness and increased
awareness of social norms and
expectations concerning
masculinity and femininity.