The document provides details of a zero-emissions hydrogen energy system for a luxury resort in Finland. It includes: 1) Background on the resort and technical challenges of the project including making energy under extreme conditions and reliable, safe operation with zero emissions. 2) Technical design details of the hydrogen production, storage and fuel cell system including electrolyzers, metal hydride storage tanks, fuel cells and gas treatment. 3) Performance models showing the system can meet the resort's energy demands year-round and analysis showing it reduces CO2 emissions by over 90% compared to traditional power. 4) Safety and educational aspects of the design to prevent accidental combustion and educate guests and the public on hydrogen energy.

1. 1
CEO – Chris Prost
CGO – Lachman Tiwari
CTO – Zhanyi (Peter) Zhou
CSO and CMO – Samy Ghobrial

2. 2
Background
• Golden Crown Levin Iglut is a luxury resort located 9.3
km from the town center of Levi in northern Finland.
• Our Challenges
• Making energy under extreme conditions
• Zero-emissions design
• Profitable project
• Reliable and safe operation

3. 3
Technical Design

4. 4
0
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20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
May Jun Jul Aug
TotalEnergyAvailable(kWh)
Energy Available in the Summer
Energy from solar (kWh) Hydrogen to Electricity (kWh)

5. 5
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35000
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Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr
TotalEnergy(kWh)
Energy Supply Demand During Operating Months
Energy Use Per Month (kWh) Energy from solar (kWh)

6. 6
H2 H2 H2
Hydrogen In
H2
H2
Hydrogen In
H2
Hydrogen Out
During the Summer During Operation

7. 7
Alkaline
Water
Electrolyzer
PEM Fuel
Cell
Gas Treatment
H2
H2
H2
Cooling
Power Conditioning and
InversionH2
e-
Power
Conditioning

8. 8
Zeolite
• High water affinity at low partial pressure
• Achieves up to 99.9995% hydrogen purity
• Resistant to concentrated caustic media
Super hydrophobic coating
• Reduces peak power, energy requirement,
and cleaning cost
• Different type of coatings are implemented
Zirconia oxide Nafion
• Increase thermal threshold
• Increase water uptake and conductivity
Copper Platinum Core-Shell
Catalyst
• Reduce platinum loading by up to 80%
Nano magnesium hydride
• Increase diffusion coefficient
• Decrease heat of adsorption
• Increased cycle life

9. 9
Impact of nano
$150755.64
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120000
140000
160000
Dollars Saved (USD)
5960
kWh
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Total Energy Saved (kWh)
• Enabled our unique approach
• Increased safety without
compromising on
performance

10. 10
Economic Analysis

11. 11
Economics - Project Overview
▪ The Levin Iglut project is a net
profit for both Hestia & Golden
Crown
▪ Net present value (NPV) of
$505,000 USD
▪ Internal rate of return of 23.1%
on expended capital
▪ Ten-year project life is assumed
-$1,500,000.00
-$1,000,000.00
-$500,000.00
$0.00
$500,000.00
$1,000,000.00
$1,500,000.00
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
CashFlow($)
Year
Cash Flows vs. Time
Yearly Cash Flow Cumulative Cash Flow
Discounted Cumulative Cash Flow
http://csimarket.com/Industry/industry_Profitability_Ratios.php?ind=906

12. 12
Economics – Project Cash Flows
Operational Revenues:
• Regular maintenance (non-hydrogen)
• Specialized maintenance
• Sale of data
• Educational tours
• Souvenirs & swag
Operational Expenses:
• Parts and components
• Maintenance wages
• Specialized wages
One-time Revenues:
• Subsidies
One-time Expenses:
• Project salaries
• Equipment and infrastructure
• Inspections
• Permits

13. 13
Economics - Project Expenses
▪ Cash flows based on capital costs of
infrastructure
▪ Infrastructure is 61% of total costs –
add an additional $808,300 for
installation, yielding $2,072,600 for
total capital costs
▪ The capital cost for solar is amortized
over 20 years
▪ Both hydrogen and solar infrastructure
can receive government subsidies
Infrastructure Type
Hydrogen
$ 768,200
Solar Energy
$ 272,200
Mechanical
$ 118,800
Structural $ 105,100
Total $ 1,264,300

14. 14
Economics - Project Revenues
▪ Operational revenues (and
expenses) are subject to a
3% increase p.a. in
subsequent years
Annual Revenue Percentages By Category
Specialized
Maintenance
Replacement
Parts & Service
Sale of Data
SWAG
Educational
Tours

15. 15
Economics - Project Expenses
▪ Parts account for 40% of
the maintenance costs
incurred
▪ Wages are paid hourly for
specialized labor, and as a
percentage of
maintenance costs for
regular labor
Annual Expense Percentages By Category
Parts &
Components
Specialized Wages
Maintenance Wages

16. 16
Economics – Sensitivity Analysis
▪ Capital costs are the
difference between
project success and failure
▪ Auxiliary revenue streams
have negligible effect on
the project NPV
▪ The project can
accommodate for
fluctuations in
maintenance costs
$300,000
$400,000
$500,000
$600,000
$700,000
-20% -10% 0% 10% 20%
NPV($)
Percent Change in Price
NPV Vs. Cash Flow Cost Changes
Replacement Parts & Service Capital Costs
Sale of Data Specialized Maintenance

17. 17
• A power purchase agreement was considered
• Would only yield approximately $25,000 per year at current electricity
rates ($0.16/kWh)
• Operational costs far exceed revenues
• Selling high-purity oxygen was considered
• Storing and transporting oxygen is a large safety concern
• Small production volume versus industries
• Only yields $8,400 annually for total volume
• Limited market penetration
Economics – Rejected Models

18. 18
Environmental Impact

19. 19
Breakdownof emissions of our design
21%
17%
23%
2%
10%
15%
12%
CO2 emissions of design
components Igloo changes
Solar
Infrastructure
Electrolyser
Hydrogen
Storage
Fuel Cell
Auxillary
Equipment
Materials for
construction
Igloo Changes
• Minimum alterations to igloo to reduce
intrusiveness of design
• Emissions come from manufacture of new windows,
window coating, and insulation
Solar Panels
• Zero emissions during operations, all emissions associated
with manufacturing.
• High efficiency solar panels allows us to reduce physical
footprint
Electrolyser
• Processing of steel enclosure contributes a large portion of
emissions associated with the electrolyser
• Major metallic components can be recycled
Hydrogen Storage
• Processing of the metal hydride is a very emissions
intensive operation
• High metal hydride stability allows for recovery and reuse
at end of life of design
Fuel Cell
• Processing of metallic components contribute the major
carbon emissions for the fuel cell
• Nano-catalyst reduces emissions from catalysts by 80%
Auxiliary Equipment
• Other balance of plant equipment required to make our
design work
• Major metallic components can be recycled efficiently
Materials for construction
• Consists of 4 major facilities
• Materials include concrete, metal frameworks,
wooden beams, flooring, etc.

20. 20
0
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PAYBACK PERIOD OF OUR DESIGN
Traditional Power Generation CO2 Emissions Our Design CO2 Emissions Metal Hydride Reuse Effect
654,000 kg CO2
saved over 10
years
Traditional Power Generation CO2
emissions
Our Design CO2
emissions
Months
kgCO2emitted
14 month CO2
payback period
9.5 year CO2
payback period

21. 21
504.54
33.39
0.00
100.00
200.00
300.00
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500.00
600.00
Traditional Design Our Design
gCO2
g CO2 per kWh produced
Traditional Design Our Design
44,362
20,186
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Traditional Design Our Design
gCO2
g CO2 per kg H2 produced
Traditional Design Our Design
Comparison of our design and the current traditional energy infrastructure
• Reduced CO2 emissions per kWh by 93% for
lifetime of the design
• Reduced CO2 emissions per kg H2 by 54% for
lifetime of the design

22. 22
Safety & Education

23. 23
Design for Safety
Relevant hazards:
• Reduced energy generation
• Major equipment requiring shutdown
• Contamination of fuel cell stack
• Reduction in efficiency
Our approach:
• Layout of energy infrastructure
• Equipment selection
• Implementing auxiliary equipment

24. 24
Designing against accidental combustion
A Case Study
The dangers of hydrogen:
• Wide flammability limit
• Low ignition energy
• Can cause hydrogen
embrittlement
• Can escape through materials
• Colourless and odorless
Our approach:
• Apply proven methods to
implement feasible and effective
control solutions
Elimination
Substitution
Engineering
Controls
Administrative
Controls
PPE
OH&S Hierarchy of
Controls Diagram
Effectiveness

25. 25
Designing against accidental combustion
A Case Study
Golden Crown
Energy Plant
Eliminate ignition sources:
• Prevent accumulation of
static charges
• Grounding
• Bonding
• Isolating electronics
• Isolate high temp. hydrogen
storage
Eliminate hydrogen in atmosphere:
• Automatic shut off of fuel
source if leak is detected
Elimination
Substitution
Engineering
Controls
Administrative
Controls
PPE
OH&S Heirarchy of
Controls Diagram
Effectiveness
Substitute hydrogen in air:
• Ventilation system to
achieve high air change rate
Engineering Controls
• Remove people from
potential hazard with
isolated energy plant
• Monitoring room separated
from rest of plant
• Remote access monitoring
Administrative Controls
• Procedure for general
building and grounds
maintenance
• Labels and visual aids for
awareness of hazards and
avoiding ignition sources
PPE:
• Less relevant due to
hydrogen’s high diffusivity
and buoyancy
• Anti-static clothing when
entering facility
Electrolyzer
H2 Storage
Fuel Cell

26. 26
Guests of
the Resort
Make available
technical details for
interested guests
Golden
Crown
Employees
Assure that all safety
considerations are met
Detail emergency
procedures
Golden
Crown
Owners
Provide risk factors,
exposure and vulnerability of
investment
Local
Community
Provide tactile experiences
to increase awareness and
acceptance of hydrogen
Public
Services
Detail emergency
procedures
Safety equipment
and training
Local
Gov’t
Meet regulations,
codes and standards
Finland
Kittila
Regulating
Bodies
Require validation that all
relevant RC&S are met.
Apply for subsidies and
grants
Finnish
Gov’t
Increase Finland’s low
profile in hydrogen
and fuel cell
developments
New
Clients
Highlight versatility in
energy solutions to
operate anywhere
and in any capacity
Hestia
Investors
Highlight growing markets
Continuously develop designs
to improve profitability
Stakeholders

27. Thank You

28. 28
Technical Backup slides

29. CAD Drawings

31. 0
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Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr
TotalEnergy(kWh)
Energy Supply Demand During Operating Months
Energy Use Per Month (kWh) Energy from solar (kWh) Hydrogen to Electricity (kWh)

33. Energy Needed from hydrogen (kWh) 64159
Hydrogen gravimetric (kWh/kg) 33.3
Mass of hydrogen need (kg) 1926.697
Volumetric Storage of magnesium hydride (kg
hydrogen/m^3) 106
Volume of hydride storage required (m^3) 18.17638
Total enclosure volume (m^3) 38.3468

38. P&ID and BFD

39. Power Production/
Splitting
Power Conditioning
Power Transformation
Use
Maintenance and
Monitoring
Hydrogen Production
Base Loads
Peak Loads
Heating
Water
Refrigerator
Lighting
Appliances
Hydrogen Storage
Power Production
Maintenance and
Monitoring
Water Treatment and Purfication
Process
Equipment
Magnesium Hydride
Heater
Pumps
Compressors
Distributed Computer
System

40. NO. DATE REVISION DES. CHK APP.
PIPING AND INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM
Energy Generation Storage &
Utilization
1
2
3
4
5
2016-02-16 PZ
DC VT
Load Dump Controller
Transformer
VT CT
Voltage Regulator
Solar Cells
Metal Hydride Hydrogen Storage
2X Hydrogenics HyStat 30
Centrifugal Pump
Purified Water Surge Tank
Vortex Flow Meter
FC
Flash Tank
Gas Treatment Unit
CA
PITI
TI
LI
Pressure Safety Valve
TI
PI
PI PIPDI
Igloo
1X Hydrogenics HyPM HD 30
1X Hydrogenics HyPM HD 60
Compressor
PI
Carbon Air Filter
Air from
atmosphere
FC
Water Supply
Vortex Flow Meter
FC
Power: 6.17 kW
ΔP: 200 kPa
PI PIPDI
Surge Tank
TI
LI
Inverter
Transformer
Power: 400 W
ΔP: 175 kPa
Volume: 5.89 m³
If meets load,
controller=ON and
produce hydrogen
VT CT
DC input: 500 VDC, 200 A
AC Output: 220 V 50~60 Hz
Volume: 0.35 m³
ΔP: 150 kPa
Volume: 1.9 m³
ΔP: 150 kPa
Volume: 5.89 m³
DC input: 180-360 VDC, 0-500 A
AC Output: 220 V 50~60 Hz
Volume: 18.18 m³
Pressure: 5 barG
Power: 400 W
ΔP: 175 kPa
FC
Condensate Drain
Volume: 1.9 m³
ΔP: 150 kPa
Central Power DCS
FC
Cell Rated Current: 9 A
Cell Rated Voltage: 36 VDC
Controller=ON (FC=ON), when
current is below a threshold.
2016-03-05
PZ
VT
VI
CI
CT
DC
Voltage Transmitter
Voltage Indicator
Current Indicator
Current Transmitter
Directional Controller
Electrical Signal
Data Signal
Computer/DCS
PI
PDI
TI
LI
FC
CA
Temperature Indicator
Vortex Flow Meter
Composition Analyzer
Pressure Indicator
Flow Controller
Pressure Differential Indicator
Level Indicator
Process Line
Carbon Filter
Ion Exchange Chamber
Make-up Water Pump
Water Flow: 60 L/hr
Oxygen Flow: 15 Nm³/hr
Hydrogen Flow: 30 Nm³/hr
Condensate Drain
Electric Heater
Hydrogen Flow (max): 65 N m³/hr Air Flow: 214 N m³/hr
Water Surge
Tank
Volume: 1.9 m³
ΔP: 240 kPa
Volume: 1.9 m³
ΔP: 240 kPa
Pump=ON, when water level in
surge tank is below a lower limit.
Power: 400 W
ΔP: 275 kPa
2016-03-19
PZ
To atmosphere
To atmosphere

41. 41
• 2 Hydrogenics HySTAT 30 (30 Nm3/hr @ 10 BarG) will be operating in
parallel configuration
• 18.18 m3 of nano magnesium hydride is required to store 64159 kWh of
hydrogen (entire summer)
• one Hydrogenics HyPMTM HD 30 and one Hydrogenics HyPMTM HD 60
Technical Description

42. Profile Calculations

43. 0
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WindSpeed(m/s)
Wind Speed @ 50m height
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WindSpeed(m/s)
Wind Speed @ 100m height
Power Requirement: ~90 kW
Month Energy Require: 33 kWh per igloo
Visual source: http://www.tuuliatlas.fi/windspeed/index.html
Wind Profile
0
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8
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WindSpeed(m/s)
Wind Speed @ 200m height
Wind Speed

44. 10
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Power(kW)
Wind Power Generation Curve
Power @ 50m Height Power @ 100m Height Power at 200m Height
Wind Power Profile

45. Solar Calculations
• 825 square meters used, expandable to 1000 square meters
• Solar Efficiency 29%*
• 1.6 m2 occupied per cell
• Rated output at 32 DCV and 9 A per cell
* Morgan Solar Sun Simba CPV

46. 46
0
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2
3
4
5
6
7
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
SolarRadiation(kWh/m2/day)
Annual Solar Radiation

47. Calculations

48. Hydrogenics Hystat 30
Water flow per volume of hydrogen (L/NM^3) 2
Hydrogen flow rate (NM^3/hr) 30
Water Flow (L/hr) 60
Stoichiometric balance of oxygen output (NM^3/hr) 15
Ballard 1020 ACS Scalable PEM
Cell wattage (W/cell) 43
Required cells for 100 kW 2326
Hydrogen consumption (std. liter/min. per cell) 0.5
Total consumption per hour 69.78
Normal Flow (NM^3/hr) 74.89209
20% Excess oxygen balance (NM^3/hr) 44.93525
Total Air (NM^3/hr) 213.9774
Electrolyzer and FC

49. Water flow required (L/hr) 60
Density (kg/m^3) 998
Storage Pressure (barG) 1.25
Pump efficiency 0.9
Suction Head (m) 2
Pump 410 W
Pump Power Calculation

50. Water Storage Vessel
Diameter (m) 1.5
Length (m) 3
End-caps depth (m) 0.25
Total Volume 5.89
Flash Tanks
Length (m) 1.2
Diameter (m) 0.6
Volume 0.339292
Pack Bed/Filters For 3m manufacture size
Diameter (m) 1
Length (m) 2.5
Volume (m^3) 1.963495
Assume dP of 50 kPa/m (gas phase) 125 150
Assume dP of 80 kPa/m (liquid phase) 200 240
Vessel Sizing

51. Compressor Power Calculation

52. Electrical parameters
• PEM efficiency 55%
• DC to AC conversion efficiency 90%

53. SQFD

54. Central vs. Local
Weight
C Production; C Storage; L
Fuel Cell
C Production; L Storage; L
Fuel Cell
L Production; L Storage; L
Fuel Cell
C Production; C Storage; C
Fuel Cell
Capital cost 10 3 1 -3 9
Redundancy 2 1 3 9 -3
Storage capacity 5 9 -1 -1 9
Sustained output 8 9 9 9 9
Peak output 9 1 3 9 1
Grid integration 4 -1 -1 -9 9
Maintenance 3 1 -3 -9 9
Non-intrusive 6 3 1 -9 9
Heat recovery 1 3 3 9 -1
Safety & Public Acceptance 7 3 1 -9 9
Total 159 123 -25 349

55. Weight Alkaline Water Electrolyzer Solid Polymer Electrolyzer Solid Oxide Electrolyzer Cell
Capital cost 10 9 -3 -9
Scalability 2 9 -3 3
Startup time 4 9 3 -3
Rate of Hydrogen output 7 3 9 3
Fuel cell compatibility 9 -1 9 3
Maintenance 3 9 -1 3
Form-factor 1 1 3 3
Environmental impact 6 -3 3 -3
Safety & Public Acceptance 5 -1 3 1
Total 161 153 -49
Electrolyzer

56. Weight
Alkaline Fuel
Cell
Proton Exchange
Membrane Fuel
Cell
Solid Oxide Fuel
Cell DMFC PAFC MCFC
Capital cost 10 9 1 -3 -9 9 -9
Auxiliary costs and complexity 9 9 9 -9 -3 -1 -9
Maintenance 7 3 -1 9 -3 9 -3
Form Factor/Size 4 1 3 9 3 3 -1
Safety & Public Acceptance 6 -9 9 -3 -1 -9 -3
Scalability (Meet loads) 3 9 9 9 -9 9 9
Startup Time/Loading Time 1 9 9 -9 -3 -3 -9
Environmental Impact 2 9 9 -9 -9 9 -9
Total 196 204 -30 -180 144 -214
Fuel Cell

57. Power Source
Weight Hydro Electric Geothermal Wind Hydrogen Solar Nuclear Biofuel Coal Natural Gas Oil
Cost (Benefit) 9 3 9 9 -3 0 3 0 3 9 3
Availability of Materials 1 3 1 1 -1 9 -3 1 3 9 3
Emission 10 9 9 9 3 3 1 -1 -9 -3 -9
Ease of operation 6 3 9 1 3 9 -9 -1 -1 1 1
Peak Output 7 9 -1 9 3 3 9 3 0 1 0
Sustained Output 7 3 1 1 3 0 9 3 9 9 9
Efficiency 3 9 -3 9 3 -3 3 1 -3 3 1
Availability of Energy Source 8 9 9 -1 9 -3 0 9 3 -1 -1
Scalability 2 3 1 3 9 9 -9 1 -1 -1 -1
Operation under extreme conditions 5 3 9 1 3 -1 -9 0 3 9 3
Energy reliability 4 9 9 -1 9 -3 9 1 1 3 3
Ease of implementation 8 3 1 3 1 9 -9 -1 3 -1 -3
Safety 6 3 3 9 3 9 -9 -3 -9 -3 -3
Total 420 398 352 238 208 -38 82 -1 166 -13
Energy Source

58. Heating
Weight Electro-resistance heater Hot Water Radiation Fuel Cells (Panasonic Ene-Farm)
Hydrogen
Combustion Gas Furnace
System Cost 9 9 9 -9 -9 3
Availability of Materials 1 3 9 -3 -9 9
Emission 10 9 9 1 9 -9
Ease of operation 6 9 3 1 -9 9
Heating Energy Output 7 1 -1 1 9 3
Efficiency 3 1 -1 3 9 3
Availability of Required Source 8 3 9 -1 3 -1
Scalability 2 9 9 1 3 1
Operation Under Extreme Conditions 5 9 3 -1 9 9
Maintenance requirement 4 9 3 -3 -3 -1
Ease of implementation 8 9 3 1 -9 3
Safety 6 1 9 1 -9 1
Total 436 386 -70 -54 86
Heating

59. Storage
Metal Hydride
Weight Magnesium hydride Sodium boron hydride Complex hydrides (alanate)
System Cost 8 1 1 9
Safety 4 3 -1 -3
Life time 6 9 0 0
Gravimetric storage (w/w) 10 3 9 -1
Temperature 2 0 1 0
Total 104 96 50

60. Solar Vendors
Solar Venders
Weight Morgan Solar Panasonic CanadianSolar TrinaSolar
Efficiency 10 9 3 -1 -1
Power output range 6 3 9 9 0
Durability 8 3 3 9 9
Total 132 108 116 62

61. Services/Technologies
Hestia
Energy
Tesla
(Powerwall)
Panasonic
(Ene-farm)
Idenergie Enerdynamic
Hybrid
Technologies
Solarcity Xzeres Thermal
Creek
Project Specific Design ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Construction/Installation ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Energy generation ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Energy storage ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Hydro electric ✓ ✓
Solar PV ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Solar Thermal ✓
Wind ✓ ✓ ✓
Fuel Cell ✓ ✓
Geothermal ✓ ✓
Biofuel ✓
Battery Back-up ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
Supercapacitors ✓
Liquid Storage Tanks ✓
Pressurized Gas Tanks ✓
Hot water Piping ✓ ✓ ✓
Boiler ✓ ✓
Competitors

62. Power Profile

63. 0
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9:00:00PM
9:30:00PM
10:00:00PM
10:30:00PM
11:00:00PM
11:30:00PM
PowerRequirementperIgloo(W)
Average Power Profile
Average Usage (W) Maximum Usage (W) Minimum Usage (W)

64. 0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
12:00:00 AM 3:00:00 AM 6:00:00 AM 9:00:00 AM 12:00:00 PM 3:00:00 PM 6:00:00 PM 9:00:00 PM 12:00:00 AM
PowerRequirementperIgloo(W)
Dynamic Power Profile
Applicance Usage (W) Lighting Average (W) Averge Heating Modulation (W) Total (W) Total Winter (W)

65. Quantifying Nano
• $5.00 dollars for cleaning per panel*, for 516 panels and 32 snow days
an estimated savings of $82,500.00 per year can be achieved with this
technology**
• Assuming a 100 kW PEMFC
• Surface coverage is 193307 cm2
• 80%*** reduction in Pt loading, reducing total Pt weight from 116g to 23g
• Saving $23,255.00 USD
*M. Crawford, "Self-Cleaning Solar Panels Maximize Energy Efficiency," ASME, [Online]. Available: https://www.asme.org/engineering-
topics/articles/energy/self-cleaning-solar-panels-maximize-efficiency. [Accessed 19 March 2017].
**https://www.nanoshell.co.uk/protective-coatings/solar-panel-pv
***R. Srivastava, P. Mani, N. Hahn and P. Strasser, "Efficient Oxygen Reduction Fuel Cell Electrocatalysis on Voltammetrically Dealloyed Pt–Cu–
Co Nanoparticles," Angewandte Chemie International Edition, vol. 46, no. 47, pp. 8988-8991, 2007.

66. Quantifying Nano
• PEG functioned PVA-PAA multilayer
• High transparency*
• Optimal operating range between -20 to 20 degrees Celsius
• 32 W heating per igloo, results in 3317 kWh of energy reduced annually
• Nano structured magnesium hydride
• Made this process viable
• Increased both loading and unloading diffusion coefficient**
• 2643 kWh of energy reduced annually
• Long cycle life (650+ cycles, we only require 2 per year)
*H. Lee, M. Alcarz, M. Rubner and R. Cohen, "Zwitter-Wettability and Antifogging Coatings with Frost-Resisting Capabilities," ACS Nano, vol. 7,
no. 3, pp. 2172-2185, 2013
**M. Paskevicius, D. A. Sheppard and C. E. Buckley, "Thermodynamic Changes in Mechanochemically Synthesized Magnesium Hydride
Nanoparticles," Journal of American Chemical Society, vol. 132, no. 14, p. 5077–5083, 2010.

67. Value Adding Nano
• 3A and 13X zeolite filters
• Excellent affinity for water at low vapor pressure
• pH: 10.5
• PSA with zeolite leads to a hydrogen purity of about 99.9995%*
• Zirconia oxide Nafion
• Increase conductivity from 0.015 to 0.0413 S/cm
• Increase operating temperature range with a higher glass transition
temperature at (148 degrees)
*E. Connor, "Hydrogen Purification Methods," Peak Scientific, [Online]. Available: http://www.peakscientific.com/articles/hydrogen-
purification-methods/. [Accessed 17 March 2017].
**R. Sigwadi, "ZIRCONIA BASED /NAFION COMPOSITE MEMBRANES FOR FUEL CELL APPLICATIONS," University of South Africa, South Africa,
2013.

68. Psychometric Chart

69. 69
Economic Analysis

70. Economics – Project Revenues
Infrastructure
Type
Maintenance %
(as a % of capital)
Total Cost
Solar Energy 8.00 $ 21,778
Mechanical 10.00 $ 11,879
Structural 2.00 $ 2,102
Maintenance Wages $ 3,576
Total Maintenance Costs $ 39,366
• Maintenance revenues are taken
as a fraction of the capital costs,
at industry standard rates
• Wages are taken as 10% of the
installation revenue as a
contractor fee
• As equipment ages, maintenance
fees will increase by 10% after the
third year in service

71. Economics – Project Revenues
• Hydrogen maintenance costs
are taken at 10% of capital
costs – industry average for a
fuel-cell powered vehicle
• Labor rates taken at $100/hr,
for one full day of work
occurring bi-monthly
Cost Parameter Value
Total Hydrogen Infrastructure Cost ($) $ 768,210
Yearly Maintenance Cost Percentage
(%)
10%
Yearly Maintenance Cost ($) Before
Labor
$ 76,821
Total Labor Cost $ 4,800
Total Specialized Maintenance Cost ($) $ 81,621

72. Economics – Project Revenues
• Educational tours will produce $2,000 in revenues per year
• $20 per tour
• 100 non-overnight visitors per year
• Sale of souvenirs will yield $2,150 per year
• Mugs and accessories valued from $8-20
• 40% of visitors buy souvenirs – standard market penetration
• Sale of data yields $18,000
• High-quality datasets for commercial or research purposes
• $3,600/year for subscriptions (or $300/month)
• 5 initial annual subscribers, with 10% growth per year

73. 73
Economics – Golden Crown
▪ Golden Crown can implement
our infrastructure, and
increase their profits
▪ No more electrical usage,
distribution, and
administration fees
▪ Maintenance costs for
infrastructure paid directly to
Hestia
▪ Eco-resorts can charge up to
20% more on average (not
pictured)
$(1,000,000)
$(500,000)
$-
$500,000
$1,000,000
$1,500,000
$2,000,000
$2,500,000
$3,000,000
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
CumulativeCashFlow
Year
Cumulative Cash Flow With/Without Hestia
CCF (Without Hestia) CCF (With Hestia)

74. Capital Costs
Supplier Link Product Unit Cost (USD) Rating (per unit) Units
Total Cost
(USD)
Electrical
https://wholesaler.alibaba.com/product-detail/100KW-Grid-Tie-Inverter-
for-Solar_60527745705.html?spm=a2700.7724838.0.0.LWIg2H Grid Inverter/Transformer $ 8,900.00 100 kW 2 $ 17,800.00
Electrical
https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/12V-24V-36V-48V-60V-
MPPT_60128096512.html?spm=a2700.7724838.0.0.DDWxPO Controller $ 165.00 2.4 kW 42 $ 6,930.00
Equipment
http://www.greenmatch.co.uk/blog/2014/08/what-is-the-installation-cost-
for-solar-panels
https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/High-Efficiency-Perlight-Mono-
350w-solar_60606157523.html?s=p
Solar Panel ($USD Per meter square) $ 300.00 825 $ 247,500.00
Fuel Cell http://www.fuelcellmarkets.com/content/images/articles/afc-energy.pdf Scalable fuel cell $ 34,550.00 50 kW 2 $ 69,100.00
Electrolyzer
https://energy.gov/eere/fuelcells/doe-technical-targets-hydrogen-
production-electrolysis Electrolyzer $ 430,000.00 100 kW 1 $ 430,000.00
Add-Ons
https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/Argon-Filled-Low-e-glazing-
Soundproof_60564054031.html?spm=a2700.7724838.0.0.omM0HH&s=p Argon sealed windows $ 100.00 828 $ 82,800.00
Add-Ons
http://www.rona.ca/en/water-heater---electric-compact-water-
heater?catalogId=10051&langId=-1&storeId=10151 Tank Water heaters $ 350.00 18 $ 6,300.00
Process
https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/stainless-steel-centrifugal-
pump_60510994735.html?s=p 0.75 kW Centrifugal Pump $ 100.00 6 $ 600.00
Process
https://wholesaler.alibaba.com/product-detail/5-5-KW-professional-
regenerative-blower_60554529009.html?spm=a2700.7782932.0.0.5SvH4R 5.5 kW compressor $ 699.00 2 $ 1,398.00
Process http://www.mhhe.com/engcs/chemical/peters/data/ce.html 1 X 3 CS Horizontal Storage Tank $ 3,610.00 2 $ 7,220.00
Process http://www.mhhe.com/engcs/chemical/peters/data/ce.html 0.5 X 3 SS Flash Drum (10 BarG) ( $ 10,239.00 2 $ 20,478.00
Process http://www.mhhe.com/engcs/chemical/peters/data/ce.html 1 X 2.5 SS Column $ 21,026.00 5 $ 105,130.00
Process Sub Total $ -
Storage http://www.mhhe.com/engcs/chemical/peters/data/ce.html MgH2 Hydride Storage $ 268,820.12 1 $ 268,820.12
Water
https://jsjinkai.en.alibaba.com/product/60210178837-
215733103/Polystyrene_strongly_basic_type_ion_exchange_resin_BA700.
html?spm=a2700.8304367.0.0.Lteyf4 Anionic/Cationic Exchange Resins ($/L) $ 0.10 400 $ 40.00
Water
https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/best-price-granular-coconut-
shell-charcoal_60551761846.html?spm=a2700.7724838.0.0.uBIQ9L&s=p Activated Carbon ($/Ton) $ 500.00 0.5 $ 250.00
Assumption #1: Equipment cost is about 61% of total module cost, the other 39% consisit of building, installation, materials, and labor.
Assumption #2: Equipment, support, machinary cost are as follows: 37% (fabricated equipment cost)+14% (process equipment cost)+7% (compressor &
pumping). What is not included are electrical, structural and process related supports, which will account for the remaining 58%.
Bare Module Cost (USD $ 1,264,366.12
Total Module Cost (USD) $ 2,072,731.34

75. Capital Costs - Deprecated
Supplier Link Product Unit Cost (USD)
Rating (per
unit) Units Total Cost (USD)
Electrical
https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/Hybrid-Invertor-ON-GRID-1KW-
2KW_60177674200.html?spm=a2700.7724838.0.0.vkgyv6 On-grid Inverter $ 2,000.00 8 KW 7 $ 14,000.00
Electrical
http://www.globalindustrial.ca/p/electrical/power-inverter/power-inverter-pure-sine/8000-watt-
european-african-inverter-220vac-50hz-pwri8k22050 Off-grid Inverter $ 1,000.00 8 kW 5 $ 5,000.00
Electrical
https://wholesaler.alibaba.com/product-detail/96v-3000w-wind-solar-hybrid-
charge_60496498728.html?spm=a2700.7782932.1998701000.5.UitvIP 5kW controller $ 310.00 5 kW 20 $ 6,200.00
Electrical
https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/China-Manufacturer-36V-MPPT-Solar-
Charge_60489259266.html?spm=a2700.7724838.0.0.Etmtxe&s=p Solar controller $ 150.00 1 $ 150.00
Electrical
https://wholesaler.alibaba.com/product-detail/automatic-voltage-regulator-avr-
100kva_60581283236.html Voltage Regulator $ 1,050.00 1 $ 1,050.00
Electrical
http://www.globalindustrial.ca/p/electrical/transformers/industrial-transformers/3-oslash-60-hz-208-
delta-primary-volts-1125-kva-480y277-secondary-volts Transformer $ 5,528.00 112.5 kVA 1 $ 5,528.00
Equipment http://www.greenmatch.co.uk/blog/2014/08/what-is-the-installation-cost-for-solar-panels Solar Panel (Cost Per meter square $ 300.00 825 $ 247,500.00
Fuel Cell http://www.fuelcellmarkets.com/content/images/articles/afc-energy.pdf Scalable fuel cell $ 7,590.00 33kW 3 $ 22,770.00
Electrolyzer https://energy.gov/eere/fuelcells/doe-technical-targets-hydrogen-production-electrolysis Electrolyzer $ 215,000.00 50 kW 2 $ 430,000.00
Add-Ons
https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/Argon-Filled-Low-e-glazing-
Soundproof_60564054031.html?spm=a2700.7724838.0.0.omM0HH&s=p Argon sealed windows $ 100.00 828 $ 82,800.00
Add-Ons
http://www.rona.ca/en/water-heater---electric-compact-water-heater?catalogId=10051&langId=-
1&storeId=10151 Tank Water heaters $ 350.00 18 $ 6,300.00
Process http://www.matche.com/equipcost/PumpCentr.html 1" API-610 Centrifugal Pump SS304 $ 24,400.00 2 $ 48,800.00
Process http://www.matche.com/equipcost/Compressor.html Compressors/blowers/reducers $ 37,900.00 2 $ 75,800.00
Process http://www.matche.com/equipcost/Tank.html 5000 Gallon Storage Tank $ 5,300.00 1 $ 5,300.00
Process http://www.matche.com/equipcost/Vessel.html
Columns (2000 pound, hortizontal
CS) $ 25,600.00 2 $ 51,200.00
Process http://www.matche.com/equipcost/Vessel.html Columns (1000 pound, Vertical CS) $ 25,600.00 2 $ 51,200.00
Storage http://www.mcphy.com/en/products/solid-hydrogen-storage/ MgH2 Hydride Storage $ 268,820.12 1 $ 268,820.12
Bare Module Cost (USD) $ 1,322,418.12
Total Module Cost (USD) $ 2,167,898.56

76. Cash Flows – Internal Analysis
Inflation Rate
Year
3% Total 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Revenue Maint. % 100% 100% 100% 110% 120% 130% 140% 150% 160% 170%
Replacement Parts &
Service $450,951 - 39,337 40,517 41,732 42,984 44,274 45,602 46,970 48,379 49,831 51,325
Specialized Maintenance $1,267,132 - 81,621 84,070 86,592 98,108 160,238 123,007 136,444 150,575 165,432 181,045
Equipment (Subsidy) $339,355 339,355 - - - - - - - - - -
Educational Tours $22,928 - 2,000 2,060 2,122 2,185 2,251 2,319 2,388 2,460 2,534 2,610
SWAG $24,652 - 2,150 2,215 2,281 2,350 2,420 2,493 2,568 2,645 2,724 2,806
Sale of Data $341,943 - 18,000 22,248 22,915 27,537 28,363 33,387 38,687 44,275 50,164 56,366
Total Revenue $2,446,961 339,355 143,108 151,109 155,643 173,165 237,546 206,808 227,057 248,334 270,684 294,152
Operating Costs
Salaries $280,000 280,000 - - - - - - - - - -
Parts & Components $566,249 45,033 46,384 47,775 49,208 100,685 52,205 53,771 55,384 57,046 58,757
Maintenance Wages $40,996 - 3,576 3,683 3,794 3,908 4,025 4,146 4,270 4,398 4,530 4,666
Specialized Wages $55,027 - 4,800 4,944 5,092 5,245 5,402 5,565 5,731 5,903 6,080 6,263
Total Operating Costs $942,271 280,000 53,409 55,011 56,661 58,361 110,112 61,915 63,773 65,686 67,657 69,686
EBITDA $1,504,690 59,355 89,699 96,098 98,981 114,804 127,434 144,893 163,284 182,648 203,028 224,465
Capital Costs
Equipment $1,050,188 1,050,188 - - - - - - - - - -
Inspections & Permits $74,436 74,436 - - - - - - - - - -
Amortized Capital $201,652 18,332 18,332 18,332 18,332 18,332 18,332 18,332 18,332 18,332 18,332 18,332
Total Capital Costs $1,326,276 1,142,956 18,332 18,332 18,332 18,332 18,332 18,332 18,332 18,332 18,332 18,332
Depreciation $1,109,340 - 319,181 319,181 319,181 88,718 10,513 10,513 10,513 10,513 10,513 10,513
Net Cash Flow $1,287,754 (1,083,601) 390,549 396,948 399,831 185,190 119,615 137,074 155,465 174,829 195,209 216,646
Net Present Value
10% $505,682 (1,083,601) 355,044 328,056 300,399 126,487 74,272 77,375 79,778 81,559 82,788 83,527
Internal Rate of Return 23.1%

77. Cash Flows – Golden Crown
Inflation Year
3% Total 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Revenue
Hotel Profits $5,835,911.88 307,800.0 482,220.0 496,686.6 511,587.2 526,934.8 542,742.9 559,025.1 575,795.9 593,069.8 610,861.9 629,187.7
Total Revenue $5,835,911.88 307,800.0 482,220.0 496,686.6 511,587.2 526,934.8 542,742.9 559,025.1 575,795.9 593,069.8 610,861.9 629,187.7
Operating Costs
Regular Maintenance $390,613.35 - 34,073.4 35,095.6 36,148.5 37,232.9 38,349.9 39,500.4 40,685.4 41,906.0 43,163.2 44,458.1
Specialized Maintenance $1,197,612.57 - 76,959.0 79,267.8 81,645.8 92,504.7 153,941.7 115,981.6 128,650.3 141,974.8 155,983.0 170,703.9
Total Variable
Expenses $1,588,225.91 - 111,032.4 114,363.4 117,794.3 129,737.6 192,291.6 155,482.0 169,335.7 183,880.8 199,146.2 215,162.0
EBITDA $4,247,685.97 307,800.0 371,187.6 382,323.2 393,792.9 397,197.2 350,451.3 403,543.2 406,460.2 409,189.0 411,715.7 414,025.8
Capital Costs
Equipment $0.00 - - - - - - - - - - -
Labor/Installation $671,431.75 671,431.8 - - - - - - - - - -
Total Capital Costs $671,431.75 671,431.8 - - - - - - - - - -
Net Cash Flow $3,576,254.22 (363,631.8) 371,187.6 382,323.2 393,792.9 397,197.2 350,451.3 403,543.2 406,460.2 409,189.0 411,715.7 414,025.8
Net Present Value
10% $2,036,027.37 (363,631.8) 337,443.3 315,969.6 295,862.4 271,291.0 217,602.7 227,789.6 208,578.3 190,889.7 174,607.7 159,624.9

78. Cash Flows - Hestia
Inflation Rate Year
3% Total 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Revenue
Project Revenues $6,736,961 $339,355 $143,108 $151,109 $455,643 $503,165 $597,546 $806,808 $887,057 $908,334 $950,684 $994,152
Investment Capital $2,000,000 $1,000,000 $1,000,000
Total Revenue $7,736,961 $339,355 $143,108 $151,109 $1,455,643 $503,165 $597,546 $806,808 $887,057 $908,334 $950,684 $994,152
Operating Costs $0
Salaries $3,586,183 $280,000 $288,400 $297,052 $305,964 $315,142 $324,597 $334,335 $344,365 $354,696 $365,336 $376,297
Maintenance/Wages $662,271 $0 $53,409 $55,011 $56,661 $58,361 $110,112 $61,915 $63,773 $65,686 $67,657 $69,686
Total Operating Costs $4,248,454 $280,000 $341,809 $352,063 $362,625 $373,504 $434,709 $396,250 $408,137 $420,382 $432,993 $445,983
EBITDA $3,488,507 $59,355 -$198,701 -$200,954 $1,093,018 $129,661 $162,837 $410,558 $478,919 $487,953 $517,691 $548,169
Capital Costs
Equipment/Labor $1,550,188 $1,050,188 - - $200,000 - - $300,000 - - - -
Amortized Capital $721,652 $18,332 $18,332 $18,332 $58,332 $58,332 $58,332 $98,332 $98,332 $98,332 $98,332 $98,332
Total Capital Costs $2,271,840 $1,068,520 $18,332 $18,332 $258,332 $58,332 $58,332 $398,332 $98,332 $98,332 $98,332 $98,332
Net Cash Flow $1,216,667 -$1,009,165 -$217,033 -$219,286 $834,686 $71,329 $104,505 $12,226 $380,587 $389,621 $419,359 $449,837
Net Present Value
10% $88,269 -$1,009,165 -$197,302 -$181,228 $627,112 $48,719 $64,890 $6,901 $195,301 $181,761 $177,849 $173,432
Internal Rate of Return 11%

79. Cash Flows – Specialized Maintenance
▪ Maintenance cost
percentage comparable to
O&M for a FCEV*
▪ Replacement parts cost 40%
of O&M costs, before labor
▪ Large-scale PEM
electrolyzers can have O&M
costs as little as 3.2% of
capital per year, not
applicable for AWE’s **
Specialized Maintenance Costs
Infrastructure
Total Hydrogen Infrastructure Cost ($) 768210.1
Yearly Maintenance Cost Percentage (%) 10%
Yearly Maintenance Cost ($) Before Labor 76821.01
Parts Cost 30728.4
Labor
Labor Visits Per Year 6
Labor Rate ($/hr) 100
Length of Labor Visit (hr) 8
Total Labor Cost 4800
Total Specialized Maintenance
Total Specialized Maintenance Cost ($) 81621.01
*http://www.metricmind.com/data/bevs_vs_fcvs.pdf
**https://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2014/08/f18/fcto_2014_electrolytic_h2_wkshp_colella1.pdf

80. Cash Flows – Regular Maintenance
▪ O&M costs taken as a
percentage of capital
costs – using annual
industry averages
▪ Predicted failure can
be difficult to estimate
▪ Maintenance wages
taken as 10% of O&M
costs – on top
Replacement Parts & Service - Non-Hydrogen
Total Non-Hydrogen Infrastructure Cost ($) $496,156.00
Energy Infrastructure Cost ($) $272,230.00
Stationary Infrastructure Cost ($) $105,130.00
Mechanical Infrastructure Cost ($) $118,796.00
Energy Infrastructure Maintenance (%) 8.00%
Stationary Infrastructure Maintenance (%) 2.00%
Mechanical Infrastructure Maintenance (%) 10%
Energy Maintenance Cost ($) $ 21,778.40
Stationary Maintenance Cost ($) $ 2,102.60
Mechanical Maintenance Cost ($) $ 11,879.60
Parts Costs ($) $ 14,304.24
Maintenance Wages $ 3,576.06
Total Maintenance Costs $ 39,336.66

81. Cash Flows – Sale of Oxygen
▪ Not safe!
▪ Limited market
penetration
▪ Local gold mine uses
oxygen, but already has its
own facilities for production
▪ Large distance between
hospitals
▪ May require additional gas
purification given the
alkaline electrolyzer
Sale of Oxygen (O2) Produced During Electrolysis
Energy used for H2 Production (kWh) 209,081
H2 HHV (kWh/kg) 39.38
Molar Mass of Hydrogen (g/mol) 2.016
Molar Mass of Oxygen (g/mol) 31.9988
Mass of Hydrogen Produced (g) 5,309,319
Moles of Hydrogen Produced (mol) 2,633,591
Moles of Oxygen Produced (mol) 1,316,795
Mass of Oxygen Produced (kg) 42,135.88
Volume of Oxygen Produced (Nm3) 29,496.76
Commercial Cost of Oxygen ($/Nm3) $0.20
Annual Oxygen Revenues ($) $8,427.18

82. Depreciation
▪ Straight-line
depreciation
▪ Uses Canada’s capital
cost allowance (CCA)
rates of depreciation
▪ Salvage values depend
on ease of
deconstruction and
sale
Depreciation - M&E
Net Lifetime (yr) 20.00
Depreciable Initial Value at Above Lifetime ($) $391,026.00
Depreciation Rate (%) 20%
Salvage Value ($) $ 78,205.20
Depreciation - Hydrogen
Hydrogen Net Lifetime (yr) 10
Depreciable Initial Value at Above Lifetime ($) $768,210.12
Depreciation Rate 30%
Salvage Value ($) $ 76,821.01
Depreciation - Structural
Structural Property Net Lifetime 10
Structural Initial Value at Above Lifetime ($) $105,130.00
Depreciation Rate 10%
Structural Salvage Value ($) $0

83. Depreciation Rates
Year Hydrogen Mechanical/Energy Structural TOTAL
0 $ - $ - $ - $ -
1 $ 78,205.20 $ 230,463.04 $ 10,513.00 $ 319,181.24
2 $ 78,205.20 $ 230,463.04 $ 10,513.00 $ 319,181.24
3 $ 78,205.20 $ 230,463.04 $ 10,513.00 $ 319,181.24
4 $ 78,205.20 $ - $ 10,513.00 $ 88,718.20
5 $ - $ - $ 10,513.00 $ 10,513.00
6 $ - $ - $ 10,513.00 $ 10,513.00
7 $ - $ - $ 10,513.00 $ 10,513.00
8 $ - $ - $ 10,513.00 $ 10,513.00
9 $ - $ - $ 10,513.00 $ 10,513.00
10 $ - $ - $ 10,513.00 $ 10,513.00

84. Amortization
▪ 20-year amortization period,
standard length to match the
lifetime of the solar equipment
▪ 3.02% annual interest rate,
average for Ontario lenders*
▪ Fixed annual payments with
varying principal-interest ratios
▪ Solar was selected for
amortization given its ubiquitous
nature
Solar Amortization
Amortization Term Length (yr) 20
Principal Value $272,230.00
Interest Rate 3.02%
Annual payments $18,331.98
*http://www.infrastructureontario.ca/Templates/RateForm.aspx?ekfrm=2147483942&langtype=1033

85. 85
Environmental Backup slides

86. Overall eco-audit of the
design

87. Component Material
Recycled content*
(%)
Part mass
(kg)
Qty.
Total mass
processed**
(kg)
CO2 footprint
(kg)
%
Electrolyser
Container
Stainless steel, austenitic, ASTM CE-30, cast, as cast Virgin (0%) 2.3e+03 1 2.3e+03 1.1e+04 0.8
Electrolyser
Catalyst
Platinum, commercial purity, P04995, annealed Virgin (0%) 7.1 1 7.1 1.1e+05 7.4
Electrolyser
Electrodes
Nickel, commercial purity, grade 200, hard (spring temper) Virgin (0%) 71 1 71 8.4e+02 0.1
Electrolyser Steel Carbon steel, SA216 (Type WCC), cast, annealed Virgin (0%) 1.5e+03 1 1.5e+03 3.6e+03 0.3
Fuel Cell Container Stainless steel, austenitic, ASTM CE-30, cast, as cast Virgin (0%) 3.5e+03 1 3.5e+03 1.7e+04 1.2
Fuel Cell
Electrodes
Graphite (electrographite)(parallel to plane) Virgin (0%) 5e+02 1 5e+02 8.2e+03 0.6
Fuell Cell Catalyst Platinum, commercial purity, P04995, annealed Virgin (0%) 0.6 1 0.6 8.8e+03 0.6
Fuel Cell
Component
Aluminum, 514.0, sand cast, F Virgin (0%) 30 1 30 4.3e+02 0.0
Flash Tanks Low alloy steel, AISI 8630, annealed Virgin (0%) 2.6e+02 1 2.6e+02 6.2e+02 0.0
Surge Tanks Low alloy steel, AISI 8630, annealed Virgin (0%) 2e+03 1 2e+03 4.8e+03 0.3
Ion Exchange Resin Bisphenol molding compound (low density glass-sphere filled) Virgin (0%) 4.4e+03 1 4.4e+03 2e+04 1.4
Ion Exchange Resin PS (general purpose, 'crystal') Virgin (0%) 4.4e+02 1 4.4e+02 1.7e+03 0.1
Activated Carbon Carbon (anthracite coal base) Virgin (0%) 5e+02 1 5e+02 1.3e+02 0.0
Pump Stainless steel, austenitic, AISI 316L Virgin (0%) 51 1 51 2.8e+02 0.0
Compressor Stainless steel, austenitic, AISI 316L Virgin (0%) 1.3e+02 1 1.3e+02 7e+02 0.0
Wrought Iron Legs Wrought iron Virgin (0%) 9.7e+02 1 9.7e+02 2.2e+03 0.2
Roof Carbon steel, AISI 1118, annealed Virgin (0%) 5.3e+02 1 5.3e+02 1.3e+03 0.1
Wooden Frame Pine (pinus serotina) (l) Virgin (0%) 8.8e+03 1 8.8e+03 3.2e+03 0.2
Concrete walls High density concrete Virgin (0%) 2.2e+03 1 2.2e+03 2.7e+02 0.0
Metal Hydride
container
Stainless steel, austenitic, ASTM CE-30, cast, as cast Virgin (0%) 2.2e+03 1 2.2e+03 1.1e+04 0.8
Metal Hydride Magnesium, commercial purity, ASTM 9980A Virgin (0%) 2.6e+04 1 2.6e+04 1.2e+06 85.7
Total 21 5.6e+04 1.4e+06 100
• Transport
determined to be
from Germany to
Finland (via trucks)
215,000km
• Electrolyser and Fuel
cell components
were estimated from
LCA on PEMFC and
AWE*
[*Mitja MoriMiha JensterleTilen
MržljakBoštjan Drobnič, ‘Life-cycle
assessment of a hydrogen-based
uninterruptible power supply
system using renewable energy,
2014]]
• Eco Audit Complete Breakdown

88. Sizing Electrolyser and fuel cell from reference
Component Component
63kW Electrolyser 90kW 6kW PEM 100kW PEM
Electrolyte
(KOH)
160 228.6
Graphite
Electrodes
27 495
Steel
Components
1400 1500 Steel Enclosure 209 3498.83
Platinum 5 7.1
Aluminum
components
1.8 30
Electrodes:
Nickel
(commerical
purity)
50 71.4
Platinum
catalysts
0.0012 0.02
Steel Enclosure 2230 2300 Copper catalyst 0.0054 0.09

89. Igloo Changes
Units (kg)
Unit kg
CO2 / kg Total CO2
Recyclable
CO2 savings
CO2
emissions
New Windows 3815.0 3.9 14726.1 0.0 14726.1
Window coating 2.4 7.2 17.5 0.0 17.5
Brick and insulation 953.8 0.2 218.4 0.0 218.4
TOTAL 14961.9
Electrolyser
Item Units Unit CO2 Total Recyclable CO2 savings kg CO2
Electrolyte (KOH) 228.6 1.9 443.4 0.0 443.4
Steel Components 1500.0 5.5 8262.0 2300.0 5962.0
Platinum 7.1 1402.4 10016.8 5000.0 5016.8
Electrodes: Nickel (commerical purity) 71.4 9.5 681.9 600.0 81.9
Steel Enclosure 2300.0 5.5 12668.4 7600.0 5068.4
16572.5
Hydrogen Storage
Item Units Unit CO2 Total Recyclable CO2 savings kg CO2
Stainless Steel Storage Container 2200.00 5.11 11248.60 9730.00 1518.60
Metal Hydride (MgH2) 26100.00 46.25 1207125.00 1207125.00 0.00
1518.60
Old Infrastructure
Energy Use
Item Units Unit CO2 Total
Finland mix 147065.8 0.5 74200.6
Windows
Duplex Sheet 4768.8 3.9 18407.6
Breakdown of emissions calculations
per component

90. Materials for Construction
Component
Amount
(kg)
kg
CO2/
unit
Total kg
CO2
CO2 recover
ed from
recycling
Total kg
CO2 emissions
Wrought Iron Legs 969.00 2.37 2299.44 0.00 2299.44
Metal Roof Frame (AISI 1118
annealed) 534.00 3.09 1647.39 820.00 827.39
Roof beams (Finnish Pine) 8757.00 0.35 3047.44 0.00 3047.44
Concrete walls 2180.76 0.51 1115.02 0.00 1115.02
Flooring 346.00 2.94 1017.93 0.00 1017.93
TOTAL 8307.22
Auxiliary Equipment
Component
Amount
(kg)
kg
CO2/
unit
Total kg
CO2
CO2 recovered
from recycling
Total kg
CO2 emissions
2 Flash Tanks 260.00 3.07 798.98 420.00 378.98
2 Surge Tanks 2018.00 3.07 6201.31 3100.00 3101.31
Ion Exchange
Chamber Resin 4400.00 3.46 15224.00 9500.00 5724.00
Ion Exchange
Chamber Resin 444.00 3.75 1665.00 1000.00 665.00
Activated Carbon for
water filtration 500.00 0.90 450.00 130.00 320.00
Pump 51.00 5.60 285.35 200.00 85.35
Compressor 126.00 5.60 704.97 480.00 224.97
TOTAL 10499.61
Fuel Cell
Item Units Unit CO2 Total
Recyclable
CO2
savings kg CO2
Graphite Electrodes 495.00 16.62 8226.90 8200.00 26.90
Steel Enclosure 3498.83 5.51 19271.57 12000.00 7271.57
Aluminum
components 30.00 12.50 374.97 310.00 64.97
Platinum catalysts 0.02 1402.35 32.25 16.13 16.13
Copper catalyst 0.09 5.44 0.51 0.00 0.51
7380.08
Breakdown of emissions calculations per
component

91. kWh equiv of H2 produced 93643kWh
Mass of H2 produced 2377.933kg
Amount of Electricity Produced 1437480kWh
Amount of CO2 Produced 71269.32
kg/CO2
Amount of CO2 from Energy
Infrastructure 48000
kg/CO2
Metric Our Design Traditional Design
g CO2 per kg of H2 produced 20185.67 44361.94
g CO2 per kWh produced 33.39188 504.54
Energy Source
Fraction of
mix g CO2/kWh
Oil 0.24 778 186.72
Coal 0.08 820 65.6
Natural Gas 0.05 490 24.5
Nuclear Energy 0.18 12 2.16
Net Imports of Electricity
0.05 500 25
Hydro Power 0.05 24 1.2
Wind Power 0.01 12 0.12
Peat 0.04 378 15.12
Wood Fuels 0.27 663 179.12
Others 0.01 500 5
AVERAGE 504.54
Calculations for comparison between our
design and traditional energy source
Emissions from Finnish Grid Energy
Parameters of our design

92. Old Infrastructure New Infrastructure
Energy Use Energy Generation
Item Units Unit CO2 Total Item Units Unit CO2 Total Recyclable CO2 savings
Finland mix 147065.8 0.5 74200.6Solar 286412.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Windows Windows
Duplex Sheet 4768.8 3.9 18407.6New Windows 3815.0 3.9 14726.1 0.0 14726.1
Window coating 2.4 7.2 17.5 0.0 17.5
Brick and insulation 953.8 0.2 218.4 0.0 218.4
Energy Generation
Solar 286412.7 0.0 12029.3 0.0 12029.3
Energy Storage
Hydride Storage Container (stainless steel) 2200.0 5.1 11248.6 9730.0 1518.6
Metal Hydride ASTM 9980A 26100.0 46.3 1207125.0 1207125.0 0.0
Electrolyser
KOH 228.6 1.9 443.4 0.0 443.4
Steel (ASTME CE-30) 1500.0 5.5 8262.0 2300.0 5962.0
Platinum 7.1 1402.4 10016.8 5000.0 5016.8
Electrodes: Nickel (commerical purity) 71.4 9.5 681.9 600.0 81.9
Steel Container 2300.0 5.5 12668.4 7600.0 5068.4
Fuel Cell
Electrodes Graphite 495.0 16.6 8226.9 8200.0 26.9
Steel (ASTM CE-30) : 3498.8 5.5 19271.6 12000.0 7271.6
Aluminum 30.0 12.5 375.0 310.0 65.0
Platinum 0.0 1402.4 32.3 16.1 16.1
Copper 0.1 5.4 0.5 0.0 0.5
Auxillary Equipment
2 Flash Tanks (Low alloy Steel AISI8630) 260.0 3.1 799.0 420.0 379.0
2 Surge Tanks (Low alloy Steel) AISI 8630 2018.0 3.1 6201.3 3100.0 3101.3
Ion Exchange Chamber Resin(Bisphenol molding compound 4400.0 3.5 15224.0 9500.0 5724.0
Ion Exchange Chamber Resin (PS) 444.0 3.8 1665.0 1000.0 665.0
Activated Carbon 500.0 0.9 450.0 130.0 320.0
Pump (316L) 51.0 5.6 285.3 200.0 85.3
Compressor (316L) 126.0 5.6 705.0 480.0 225.0
Materials of Construction
Wrought Iron Legs 969.0 2.4 2299.4 0.0 2299.4
Metal Roof Frame (AISI 1118 annealed) 534.0 3.1 1647.4 820.0 827.4
Roof beams (Finnish Pine) 8757.0 0.3 3047.4 0.0 3047.4
Concrete walls 2180.8 0.5 1115.0 0.0 1115.0
Flooring 346.0 2.9 1017.9 0.0 1017.9
kg CO2
TOTAL 92608.1 TOTAL 1339800.4 1268531.1 71269.3
Complete Eco Audit

93. Solar Array CalculationsArea1200 Efficiency 22%
Solar
Radiation (kWh/m2/d
ay) Days per month
Energy from solar
(kWh) Solar to Hydrogen
Hydrogen to
Electricity
Energy Use Per
Month (kWh)
Jan 0.07 31 572.88 418.2024 209.1012 18414
Feb 1.76 28 13009.92 9497.2416 4748.6208 16632
Mar 3.39 31 27743.76 20252.9448 10126.4724 18414
Apr 5.13 30 40629.6 29659.608 14829.804 17820
May 5.5 31 45012 32858.76 16429.38 0
Jun 6.63 30 52509.6 38332.008 19166.004 0
Jul 6.6 31 54014.4 39430.512 19715.256 0
Aug 3.83 31 31344.72 22881.6456 11440.8228 0
Sep 2.16 30 17107.2 12488.256 6244.128 17820
Oct 1.65 31 13503.6 9857.628 4928.814 18414
Nov 0.32 30 2534.4 1850.112 925.056 17820
Dec 0 31 0 0 0 18414
Annual 3.09 297982.08 217526.9184 108763.4592 143748
Month Hydrogen Stored Energy from Solar Energy Required Hydrogen needed
May 16429.38 45012 0 0
June 19166.004 52509.6 0 0
July 19715.256 54014.4 0 0
August 11440.8228 31344.72 0 0
September 66751.4628 17107.2 17820 712.8
October 66038.6628 13503.6 18414 4910.4
November 61128.2628 2534.4 17820 15285.6
December 45842.6628 0 18414 18414
January 27428.6628 572.88 18414 17841.12
February 9587.5428 13009.92 16632 3622.08
March 5965.4628 27743.76 18414 -9329.76
April 15295.2228 40629.6 17820 -22809.6
Area875 Efficiency 29%
Solar
Radiation (kWh/m2/da
y) Days per month
Energy from solar
(kWh) Solar to Hydrogen
Hydrogen to
Electricity
Energy Use Per Month
(kWh)
Jan 0.07 31 550.6375 401.965375 200.9826875 18414
Feb 1.76 28 12504.8 9128.504 4564.252 16632
Mar 3.39 31 26666.5875 19466.60888 9733.304438 18414
Apr 5.13 30 39052.125 28508.05125 14254.02563 17820
May 5.5 31 43264.375 31582.99375 15791.49688 0
Jun 6.63 30 50470.875 36843.73875 18421.86938 0
Jul 6.6 31 51917.25 37899.5925 18949.79625 0
Aug 3.83 31 30127.7375 21993.24838 10996.62419 0
Sep 2.16 30 16443 12003.39 6001.695 17820
Oct 1.65 31 12979.3125 9474.898125 4737.449063 18414
Nov 0.32 30 2436 1778.28 889.14 17820
Dec 0 31 0 0 0 18414
Annual 3.09 286412.7 209081.271 104540.6355 143748
Month Hydrogen Stored Energy from Solar Energy Required Hydrogen needed
May 15791.49688 43264.375 0 0
June 18421.86938 50470.875 0 0
July 18949.79625 51917.25 0 0
August 10996.62419 30127.7375 0 0
September 64159.78669 16443 17820 1377
October 62782.78669 12979.3125 18414 5434.6875
November 57348.09919 2436 17820 15384
December 41964.09919 0 18414 18414
January 23550.09919 550.6375 18414 17863.3625
February 5686.736688 12504.8 16632 4127.2
March 1559.536688 26666.5875 18414 -8252.5875
April 9812.124187 39052.125 17820 -21232.125
@ 22% efficiency @ 29% efficiency

94. 94
Safety & Regulations Backup slides

95. Sunny in Arctic Finland
Summer
Projected percentage change in the quantity of solar
radiation reaching earth’s surface (1971-2000 -> 2070-2099)
during the entire year on average.
ACCLIM II-hankkeen lyhytloppuraportti http://ilmatieteenlaitos.fi/c/document_library/get_file?uuid=f72ce783-0bae-4468-b67e-8e280bec1452&groupId=30106
Kittila
Finland in the -5% region
Possible decrease in solar
radiation accounted for with:
• Store 10% more than we
need
• Additional solar panels
can be installed with
available space

96. Sunny in Arctic Finland
• “High pressures coming from the east sometimes make the Finnish
climate more continental for weeks on end, which means sunshine
and heat in summer...”
Autio, Jyrki & Olavi Heikkinen (2002). The climate of northern Finland. Fennia 180: 1–2, pp.
61–66. Helsinki. ISSN 0015-0010.
• http://www.gaisma.com/en/locatio
n/kittila.html

97. Protecting Solar PV Against the Weather
Elements
Snow and precipitation can be an issue for blocking solar radiation.
Hestia’s employs a multi-tiered approach:
• Anti-wetting and self-cleaning coating provides frost resistance
• Aggressive tilt angle in winter when snow coverage is an issue
• Winter precipitation removal technology uses small fraction of
energy output[1]
[1] Solar Power World: “Snow No More: Technology Keeps Solar Panels Clean” by S. Bushong

98. Why Solar?
Quick notes:
• The cleanest and most abundant renewable energy source[1]
• No excessive maintenance and management costs[2]
• Minimal environmental impacts[2]
• Increased efficiency in lower temperatures[2]
• Easiest to integrate
[1] Solar Energy Industries Association, 2015
[2] Potential of Solar Energy in Finland. Emma Pihlakivi. Bachelor’s Thesis, Turku University of Applied Sciences

99. Why Solar?
Issues with geothermal in Arctic Finland
• Construction requirement and Additional infrastructure
• As much as 830 m of piping must be laid for 18 igloos employing a horizontal ground
coupled system
• Hot water radiation heaters need to be installed in each igloo
• Cost
• Installing heat pump for
ground-heat is 2x the price of
installation for oil or
electricity-based system
• Efficiency
• Supply up to 90% of heating
requirements Geothermal
pipe footprint

100. Why Solar?
Issues with wind power in Arctic Finland:
• Efficient use of wind energy limited to tall turbines (100 m)
• Small wind turbines (6 m height) require large area footprint
• 26 kWh m-2 generated by wind vs 1130 kWh m-2 for solar PV
• Therefore smallest footprint is with 100% use of solar PV

101. Regulations Codes and Standards
ISO 16110-1
IEC 62282-3-1: 4.9
ISO 4126 series
IEC 62282-3-3: 5.1
EN 1487-1491,
EN 1567
Suomenrakennusmäärä y
skokoelma
NFPA 2
NFPA 853
UL 1741
ANSI FC1-2012
IEC 62282-3-200
IEEE 1547-2003
EN 60335-1: 27
EN 50438: 4 HD 384.5.54
EN 50438: 5
ISO 22734-1
General:
ISO 22734-1, IEC
62282-3-100,200,300,
NFPA 50A, IEC 60079

102. Heating the MG Hydride Storage
• McPhy has an integrated heat system
• All that is needed is to supply additional power
• This power is supplied by the solar panel array

103. Safety Infrastructure
Class D Fire
Extinguisher
Fire Alarm
Pressure Relief Valve
Hydrogen Sensor
Fire Detector
Electrolyzer Shut off
Fuel Cell Shut off
Hydrogen Storage
Shut off
Sprinkler system

104. Item Category Subcategory
ItemNumber
Part Description Part Function Failure Mode Failure Effect
Severity
Causes
Probabilityof
Occurrence
Current Controls
Detection
RPN Recommended Actions
Hydrogen Storage Container 1 Pipe/valves
(connections)
Carry hydrogen
from electorlyzer to
storage and from
storage to fuel cell
Leak Potential risk of fire,
explosion.
10 Improper sealing 7 Hydrogen monitor
for leak
6 420 Redundant hydrogen
concentraiton monitor, linked
to exchaust system
Hydrogen Storage Container 2 Tank Contains metal
hydride material
Failure by leak Potential risk of fire,
explosion.
10 Hydrogen
Embrittlement
3 Water and oxygen
monitored for
dangerous levels
combined with
hydrogen
7 210 Redundant monitors linked to
exhaust system. McPhy
material chosen due to
excellent anti-flammable
properties.
Fuel Cell Gas Delivery 3 Air filter Gas treatment to
ensure incoming air
is filtered
Filtration failure
allowing
contaminants to pass
through
Low efficiency,
poisoning of catalyst,
damage to
membrane, damage
electronic
components,
sensors, valves,
nozzles etc.
8 Physical damage to
filter, exceed max
capacity
3 Filtration performed
in stages to ensure
adequate
performance
8 192 Air composition analyzer
Electrolyzer Water Delivery 4 Pump Pump water to
electrolyzer
Mechanical failure Not meeting
required hydrogen
production rate
6 Deterioration 7 Flow monitor after
pump
4 168 Individual pumps for each
electorlyzer
Electrolyzer Water Delivery 5 Level Indicator Monitor level of
water to electrolyzer
Insufficient water
management (too
little or too much to
electrolyser)
Water level too
high/low, not
meeting required H2
production
8 Electrical
malfunction
3 Flow monitor after
pump
7 168 Two electrolyzer system,
allowing one to increase
production when other is
incapable.
Hydrogen Storage Container 7 Pipe/valves
(connections)
Transfer hydrogen to
fuel cell
Leak Potential risk of fire,
explosion.
10 Mechanical failure 5 Hydrogen monitor
for leak
3 150 Safety release valve, monitor
linked to exhaust system
Electrolyzer Water Delivery 8 Temperature
Indicator
Monitor temperature
of incoming water
Exceedingly hot
water
Inefficient,
membrane damage
7 Electrical
malfunction
7 Scheduled
maintenance
3 147 Add redundant temeprature
sensor using different
operating principle
Electrolyzer Water Delivery 9 Vortex Flow
Transmitter
Monitors flow after
flow valve
System error Flow too high/low 6 Electrical
malfunction
3 Scheduled
maintenance
8 144 Add redundant flow meter
with different operating
priniple
Hydrogen Storage Lines and
connections
10 Pressure Safety
valve
Prevents
overpressurization
Overpressurization Potential risk of fire,
explosion,
catastrpohic rupture.
Overpressurization
causing damage to
inner components
10 Seizing of pressure
relief valve.
2 No current control 6 120 Add redundant safety valve
FMEA

105. “Clean energy” and “zero emissions”
are tag lines to communicate in
advertising media.

106. 106