Hero Mise En Scene

Hero Mise En Scene
To continue, we will be analysing a sequence of Zhang Yimou's Hero all whilst considering its mise
en scene, cinematography, editing, sound and performance. This sequence is approximately 50
minutes into the film.
It takes place during the second recount of Sky, Flying Snow and Broken Sword's supposed
assassinations by Nameless: The King of Qin's imagined version of the events. It takes place at a
lake, where Nameless, whom had previously killed Flying Snow, fights Broken Sword over her
death.
Firstly, the mise en scene – the amalgamation of 'setting, lighting, costume, and the behaviour of the
figures' – in this scene is strongly centred around water. In China, water is associated with calmness
and serenity which can be linked to Flying Snow lying peacefully, although lifeless, atop a pagoda.
Indeed, the aim in this scene 'was to create a mood of serene mourning.' But, water can also have
negative connotations such as distress; possibly referring to how Broken Sword feels about Flying
Snow's death. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Indeed, they are used to add to the aesthetics of the scene; but it can be argued that the colours of
these costumes have somewhat of a significance. We notice that Broken Sword and Flying Snow are
both dressed in blue garments, whereas Nameless is dressed in black. In China, the colour blue can
suggest calmness– once again, referring to the peaceful and serene mourning of Flying Snow's
death. Nameless, dressed in black, expresses a certain mystery surrounding his persona, as Chinese
culture suggests that black represents secrecy, something that is happening in the
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The Global Flow Of Silver Trade
In the period between the mid–sixteenth century to the early eighteenth century, the global flow of
silver had impacted the regions of the world through its value and perception in trade and society.
The utilization and production of silver caused many areas to change into societies that focused on
commerce and the abundance of goods. Similar to the social effects silver trade made, it had also
made many positive economic impacts and changes resulting in the growth of world commerce and
wealth, while also making negative economic impacts because of its prominence in the world.
All the documents explained the social and economic effects of the silver trade from the views of the
English, Spanish, and Chinese and how it affects their own respective region. Since Tokugawa Japan
was a significant and active part in silver production from 1500 to 1750 alongside Spain, a source
from a merchant from this region would help give insight to the effects of the global flow of silver.
A Japanese merchant who partakes in silver trade would further explain if the trade was beneficiary
to the region's social and economic status.
As the global flow of silver continues, societies started to change from their past ideals into societies
that centered on commerce, impacting people's lives greatly as seen in Documents 1, 3, 5, and 6.
Document 1 is written by Ye Chunji, a Chinese county official during the Ming dynasty. In order to
lower wedding expenses, he explains how necessary it is to conserve

Essay on Chinese Dynasties
Chinese Dynasties: 1. Shang: Also called Yin, dynasty that was China's earliest historically
verifiable state 1766 B.C. to 1122 B.C. A. Reason's for Rise: Unlike the early accounts of history by
the Chinese, there is archaeological evidence of the Shang, who built their cities in northern China
around the eastern parts of the Yellow River. For this reason they are called the Yellow River
civilization. They were a bronze age people; bronze–working seems to have entered China around
2000 BC (about one thousand years after its invention in Mesopotamia). B. Territorial Location
& size at height of power (map): The Shang ruled the area from the North China Plain
northward into present–day Shantung Province and westward to the tip of Honan ... Show more
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Shang–Ti also regulated human affairs as well as ruling over the material universe. This dual
function would, in the Chou dynasty, be attributed to a more abstract figure, "t'ien," or
"Heaven." The Shang also believed that their ancestors dwelled in heaven after their
death and continued to show an interest in their familiy and descendants. The obligations within the
family included, therefore, the ancestors. Failing in one's duties to the ancestors could bring all sorts
of disaster on a family. All of these divine and semi–divine figures, from Shang–Ti to a family's
ancestors, were sacrificed to. However, we know little of the nature or the frequency of these
sacrifices. We do know, however, that in the Chou dynasty only the king could sacrifice to Shang–
Ti; it is highly likely that Shang–Ti was the "local god" of the Shang kings who was
subsequently elevated in order to elevate the Shang themselves. The one disturbing fact of Shang
sacrifice is that it certainly involved humans; slaves and prisoners of war were often sacrificed by
the hundreds when a king died. Lesser numbers were sacrificed at the founding of a palace or
temple. F. Major reasons for decline and fall: 2. Chou: dynasty (1122–221 B.C.) that ruled ancient
china from almost a thousand years establishing a distinctive political and cultural characteristics
which would be identified with China for the next 2,000 years. A. Reason's for Rise: B. Territorial
Location & size

Introduction Of The Policy Report Essay
Brief Introduction of the Policy Report
I am a translator who graduated from Capital TongWen Hall （京师同文馆）and who wrote this
policy report to Qing Government in the year of 1905, when Yuan Shi Kai (袁世凯) and Zhang Zhi
Dong (张之洞) reported to the government to eliminate the Civil Examination. The reason I am
writing this policy report is because I see it is necessary to still keep the exam system, but we surely
need to change the exam system if we do not eliminate it. The old goal of the Civil Examination is
to pick elites from population to work as government official and have a powerful impact on China's
social mobility, and the new goal of it will be accommodating science without eliminating the Civil
Service Examination. However, I am writing to advise and report to try our best to keep both goals
in the exam system. I will talk about the details of why we should not eliminate the exam system,
why we need to change the system and what we are going to change in the system and how we are
going to implement these changes into the system and try to minimize the contradiction between the
old literature elites and new scientific elites. Background
The function of Civil Service Examination is for recruitment and admission to the civil service, and
for the Ancient Chinese government it mainly functioned as a tool to pick literature elites who are
capable to work for the country. It broke the tradition of genealogical monopoly in using people in
the government and it certainly

Imperial Expansion in Global Asia 1400 to 1800
Imperial Expansion in Global Asia, 1400 to 1800
The early modern era, roughly around 1400 to 1800, was significantly marked by empire
expansions. Asian empires like Timur in Central Eurasia, the Ming and Qing, as well as the
Mughals, Ottomans, and Safavids expanded their territories through military conquest and
commercial penetration. As they established political control over much more vast tracts of land,
new commercial networks and culture interactions were also emerged. Also, it was a time of global
imperial expansion. Asia was connected to the broader global interacting patterns with the
increasing involvement of western Europeans.
The Ming (1368–1644) and later the Qing (1644–1911) dynasties of China expanded broadly across
central Asia into Mongolia, Turkestan, and Tibet. The Ming dynasty put a considerable emphasis on
oceanic exploration. A dramatic example of the Ming's prowess at the time can be seen in the
expansive voyages of Zheng He. He commanded the Ming dynasty's fleet of immense trading
vessels on expeditions ranging as far as Africa between 1405 and 1423, helping to extend Chinese
maritime and commercial influence throughout the regions bordering the Indian Ocean. His Muslim
faith and prestigious position in government reminds us of the ethnic and religious diversity of the
vast Chinese empire. Later in the Qing dynasty, China undertook a territory expansion beyond its
boundary to control vast, multicultural, multi–climatic realm with centralizing state

Haier Case Study
Haier Case Study
1. Discuss the primary reasons why Haier moves from a single and dominant business strategy to a
diversified strategy.
The single and dominant business strategy, which denote relatively low levels of diversification,
more fully diversified firms are classified into related and unrelated categories. A firm is related
through its diversification when there are several links between its business units; for example, units
may share products or services, technologies, or distribution channels. The more links among
businesses, the more constrained is the relatedness of diversification. Unrelateness refers to the
absence of direct links between businesses.
참고 : http://wenku.baidu.com/view/6a080e260722192e4536f624
2. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
5) Another example of creating value by using a related diversification strategy was when Haier
applied innovation to product design and production from the Liebherr Corporation of Germany.
This strategic move created value by not only competing and expanding its product categories, but
also by creating market needs. (pg. 7) The activity sharing and market need helped create product
breakthroughs like washing machines that operated without detergent or water, and refrigerators that
needed no compressors. (pg. 8) Another example of creating value was when Haier entered a
strategic business alliance with Sanyo. Sanyo wanted to increase its competiveness in China taking
advantage of Haier's extensive distribution network, whereas Haier hoped to enter the Jampanese
market by utilizing Sanyo's distribution and service centres's. (pg. 12) In the end Zhang Ruimin
utilized this diversification strategy in an attempt to gain market power. B.Also discuss how Haier
can use unrelated diversification strategy to create value.
Zhang Ruimin recognized that pursuing strictly a related diversification strategy might make Haier
susceptible to failure. He states, "This is a globalised era..., no single industry can survive." (pg. 13)
By the end of 2006, Haier's product portfolio had extended to include products ranging from
washing machines to mobile phones as well as pharmaceuticals and tourism. This wide range use of

Essay About Jiao Zi
When people talk about Chinese food culture, I have to mention the traditional Chinese food – Jiao
Zi. After Zhang Zhongjing create "cold–dispelling dumpling soup", it passed to Mongolia in Song
Dynasty (960 – 1279) and became as festival food named Bian Shi. With the conquest of the
Mongolia Empire, Bian Shi gradually introduced to East and North Asia, eat dumplings during
festivals customs gradually for a number of ethnic identity. In Yuan Dynasty (1271 – 1368) Bian Shi
once again returned to China, after Qing Dynasty (1644 – 1912), Bian Shi collectively known as
Jiao Zi and has been spread to today.
Why dumplings called Jiao Zi? In ancient times, people divided one day into twelve periods to
record time, the beginning of one day was called "Zi Shi", which is 11 pm. to 1 am. In New Year's
Eve, Zi Shi is not just a time period for the alternately of the old day and the new day, it is the ...
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During New Year's Eve, they borrowed some flour from their friend, based on they didn't have meat,
so they just use vegetables to make dumplings. Because the flour was borrowed, the dumplings are
very valuable, so they placed the dumplings in a beautiful circle, when the God of Kitchen saw the
dumplings been placed nice and beautiful, he was very happy. At the same time, the rich man's
family in the same village was also making dumplings, with meats and eggs in it, but because the
family eat all kinds of costly foods every day, so they didn't care about dumplings, placed them in a
mess; when they eat their dumplings, the dumpling stuffing is totally different, all of the dumpling
stuffing changed into vegetables, and the poor family's dumpling stuffing changed into meats and
eggs. The God of Kitchen was angry about the rich man's family that they placed the dumplings in a
mess, so he switched the two family's

Ancient China 's Trade And Economy
Ancient China 's Trade and Economy
From as early as 2100 BCE to as late as 1912 CE, China lived and prospered in the period of the
dynasties (Timeline of Chinese History and Dynasties). The dynastic period included successions of
rulers who usually descended from the same family. After the ruler passed away, their successor
took their preceder 's sole–reigning position of emperor. The Xia Dynasty started the period of the
dynasties in 2100 BCE. (Timeline of Chinese History and Dynasties). The Qing Dynasty marked the
end of the dynastic period in 1912 CE (Timeline of Chinese History and Dynasties). In between the
first and last dynasties, China experienced a time of economic, social, environmental, and religious
growth that affected all of the people of China. Traders and merchants that traveled the Chinese
trading systems tremendously contributed to the amplification of trade of goods, skills, ideas,
customs, and messages. Humans, most often slaves, built roads and canals such as the Silk Road and
the Grand Canal across and through mountains, deserts, and rivers to facilitate ways to connect with
China 's other surrounding countries. During the dynastic period, China developed a strong and
diverse economy and culture through their unique and innovative trading routes, the Silk Road and
the Grand Canal. Before the creation of the Silk Road and the Grand Canal, The people in China
lived in economical and cultural isolation from other countries because of China 's physical

Raise The Red Lantern Essay
Set in 1920 republican era China, Raise the red lantern, is a film released in 1991 and directed by
Zhang Yimou. Yimou takes the audience behind the walls of a traditional Chinese estate where there
is a dominant ideology of patriarchy. It tells a tragic story of how wives which are seen as
"mistresses" are forced into a world of schemes for the attention of the powerful Master Chen, the
landowner. Through cinematic techniques and reoccurring motifs, the director is able to manifest
fatal themes due to the imposition of power. This includes cinematic techniques such as, mise–en–
scene and mise–en–shots which are able to emphasise themes such as isolation, imprisonment and
insanity.
A reoccurring motif that is present throughout the motion picture is the architectural buildings that
are framed in almost every scene. The way in which architecture is outlined throughout the film, it is
able to heighten the women's isolation. Whilst the intricate buildings are able to display their
domestic utopia, it can also be seen that the outstretched grey walls ... Show more content on
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The last scene is considered to be particularly haunting due to Songlian being driven to madness
after the third wife's murder. Important cinematic techniques in this scene such as framing and
close–up shots are able to accentuate the emotion of insanity and touch upon the theme of downfall.
Songlian wanders aimlessly back and forth her confined space where a close up of her dishevelled
features are framed by the secluded house's intricate door (figure 11–12). Through framing, not only
is it able to capture the deranged look she possesses but it is able to provide the audience with the
feeling of defeat and Songlian's ultimate toll of insanity. Thus the director employs Songlian as a
vehicle which is driven into insanity to deliver the theme of

Summary Of The Paradise Of Maitreya
Once decorating the walls in the Chinese Xinghua si temple stood The Paradise of Maitreya and
now a brilliant mural that rules the Bishop White gallery at the Royal Ontario Museum. The painting
was made over 7 centuries ago throughout the Yuan dynasty, ruled by Khubilai Khan. This object is
worthy of attention because it underwent extensive repairs and is still known today for its beauty, it
has a deep and significant portrayal of the forthcoming of Buddha, as well the incredible backstory
of the painting. This piece is truly irreplaceable and is vital for understanding the development of
Chinese culture.
The Paradise of Maitreya has magnificent beauty. It was performed in fresco–secco, a painting
technique done on dry plaster with colors assorted in water. The substance the artist used is difficult
to distinguish because there are only few natural pieces that exist today. During this time tempera
paint was used regularly in paintings, therefore, researchers believe that this was done in the
Paradise of Maitreya. The Paradise of Maitreya is extremely large with measurements of 502cm tall
and 1101cm. This painting has an organized plan and is known for its intricacy. It displays Buddha
Maiterya centered in an imaginary paradise and is enclosed by monks and the rulers. While Buddha
Maitreya is generally portrayed as Indian, most people in the scene are represented Chinese. The
painting predicts the time of Buddha Maitreya coming into the world during its toughest hours to

Effects Of Wan Tianxiag And The Fall Of The Song Dynasty
Wen Tian–xiang and the Fall of the Song Dynasty
The Song Dynasty, starting in 960 and ending in 1279, was an era where several big names came in
and out of power. One of the most important top–ranking scholar and Prime Minister during the
later years of the Southern Song Dynasty was Wen Tianxiang (Man Tin Cheung). He was also the
Duke of Xinguo at the time. For his resistance to Kublai Khan's invasion of the Song, and for his
refusal to yield to the Yuan Dynasty despite being captured and tortured, he is a popular symbol of
patriotism and righteousness in China. He is considered one of three heroes of the Song's last years,
alongside Lu Xiufu and Zhang Shijie. All men are mortal, but my loyalty will illuminate the annals
of history forever" a famous quote from Tianxiang.
Wen Tianxiang was born on June 6, 1236 in Luling, Jiangxi Province during the Song Dynasty, to a
family of scholars. Wen's father, who was learned in the classics, histories, and belles lettres, as well
as in astronomy, geomancy, and medicine trained his son strictly. At the age of 18 he excelled in his
local examinations, and two years later participated in examinations in the capital, during which he
was personally awarded first rank by the emperor. He went on to take up several posts in the
government of the Southern Song, including being Attendant of the Justice Ministry and Prefect of
Ganzhou.
In 1274, the Mongols sent armies under the general Bayan to invade the Song, and as Song generals
were

Qiu Ju
The Story of Qiu Ju (1992), which was directed by Zhang Yimou, depicts a Chinese woman who
questions the notion of filiality and seeks justice for modernity. Filiality is a traditional idea which
regards revering their ancestors, older people, and males as the most important concept. Thus, in that
idea, giving birth is also important because to maintain the family line, patriline, they need their
offspring. In the film, the protagonist, Qiu Ju, travels between the village, the district and the city
several times to make the chief admit his fault of kicking the groin of her husband, Qinglai.
Although the mediation concluded both her husband and the chief are wrong and ordered the chief
to pay money for the husband's injury, what Qiu Ju requires ... Show more content on
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The film ends with scene that Qiu Ju is standing the road between the village and the city with face
of astonishment, and that emphasizes the transition of China's modernization. China is a developing
country, and in the 1990s there were immense difference between rural areas and modernized areas.
Qiu Ju's complicated position between filiality and modernity casts the audience questions about
how they should progress the modernization. Sometimes modernization destroys the traditional
notion, such as filiality. However, people's perspectives are fully affected by traditional idea and
they do have positive aspects. This is not peculiar to China, so in this developing and globalizing
world people always have to think carefully the positive and negative effects of tradition and

What Major Changes in Political Structures, Social and...
Ariana Caraza
AC1204585
Assignment 5
HS150 World Civilizations
China was divided for almost four centuries. It became unified in 581 with the founding of the new
dynasties, Sui, Tang, and Song dynasties. During the time of these dynasties, many changes took
place. There were changes in the political, social, and economic structures. The first changes took
place during the Sui dynasty in 581. Additional changes took place during the Tang dynasty in 618,
and the Song dynasty in 960. The Sui dynasty was founded by Yang Jian. Jian was a member of a
respected aristocratic family in northern China. (Duiker & Spielvogel, 2009) Yang Jian turned to
Daoism and Buddhism to unify the empire. Jian founded monasteries for both ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The Tang dynasty used a system of equal land allotment to the male population. Tang's greatest
source of income was tax on allotments. Periodic military service was required from all males. This
was the basis of Tang's military. Tang's political system included comprehensive administration, an
official system, a strict legal system, and an equitable imperial examination system. The economy
reached an advanced level. Series of reforms were implemented; Juntian Zhi (Land Equalization
System), Zuyongdiao System (peasant's burden was lessened and production efficiency was
improved. Farm tools and agriculture technique was improved, and many of the irrigation works
were completed). Commercial cites were opened during the Tang dynasty, Lanzhou, Chengdu,
Guilin, Hangzhou, Chang'an (currently Xian), and Luoyang (the auxiliary capital). The opening of
the Silk Road introduced foreign merchants and ambassadors promoted marine trade. The economy
was seriously damaged after the AnShi rebellion. The Juntian Zhi and Zuyongdiao systems were
destroyed. This brought about the Double Tax System. This system imposed tax according to wealth
and helped resume fiscal revenue. It was also a good example for later tax reforms. The Song
dynasty came in to power in 960 and ended in 1279. It consisted of the Northern Song and Southern
Song. Northern Song was founded by Zhao Kaungyin, a military

Beowulf : Character Analysis Of Shakespeare's 'Grendel'
1. Grendel is a character in who poses more capabilities than a normal human being. The
presentation in the novel portrays him as a demon. The novel makes him look like the devil himself
is controlling him. The novel has a hero who is Beowulf. Ironically, Grendel also has his own
powers and acts which make him seem like a hero although he is not the main hero in the play. He
uses his powers and little intelligence to threaten and instill fear in others, such as Danes, so that he
can win. Grandel is not absolutely immortal, but his qualities are beyond those of an ordinary human
being which makes him be a hero although he does the opposite of what a hero does and Beowulf
defeated him.
Grendel perseveres the anger passed to him by God. The anger controls his actions, and he is only
interested in turning against the normal ways of life. Grendel is a person who eats children to instill
fear in them just because they ignored the instructions from their mother. This is not a heroic act
although it is something he has to put up with for him to become the hero he thinks he deserves to
be. Eating children makes Grendel achieve his objective of intimidating the children and making
them obey their parents. The parents have rights over their children, and he is using threats to make
children obedient to their mothers. However, Gredel's way of correcting the children is not the best,
but it can be attributed to his monster–like behavior which portrays him as a person controlled by

Huangtudi Essay
Does the film Huang tudi (Yellow Earth) offer a critique of the Communist revolution? If so where
and how? Chen Kaige and Zhang Yimou's Yellow Earth is a meaningful and controversial film that
highlights the young and old, realist and idealist, as well as the ideal utopia and bounded
bureaucracies – touching on the notion of fate. Set in early 1939 in China, Yellow Earth follows the
story of Gu Qing, a Chinese Communist Party (CCP) soldier sent out among the peasants in
Northern Shaanxi to collect folksongs, to which the Communists intend to rewrite new lyrics to help
inspire soldiers and peasant followers to fight the Japanese invasion and work towards the
revolution. Gu Qing comes across a village holding a wedding procession and is ... Show more
San Cong Si De epitomises the notion of the traditional female virtues in China at the time, which
Cuiqiao is tied to. In the very male oriented and traditional values of the village, Gu Qing presented
himself as a catalyst for change in the eyes of Hanhan and more particularly, Cui qiao. Both Hanhan
and Cuiqiao are attracted to the promises of the CR for a better life; especially intriguing to Cuiqiao
are the promises of better equality for women – that women under the CR can learn to read, write,
and even fight. This is reflected in the scene when Cuiqiao notices Gu Qing's ability to sew his own
clothes. She tells him she is impressed by his ability, to which he replies that women in the South
(Communist camp) cut their hair, and become soldiers to fight against the Japanese, just like men.
Hanhan's character in the film appears to be subtly comical, as well as rather silent and
expressionless throughout the majority of the film. As Hanhan got more acquainted with Gu Qing,
he also got more verbal. This reflects Hanhan's possible oppression of being unable to voice his own
opinions, as well as suggesting his character being overwhelmed by his living condition and social
boundaries. He appears to be a caring brother to Cuiqiao, but is helpless in verbally aiding his
sister's pre–prescribed life of forced marriage and duties as a female. Hanhan's character becomes
closer to Gu Qing, allowing him to open up – We see scenes of Hanhan and Gu Qing being

Crouching Tiger Hidden Dragon Analysis
However, this nonlinear explains the romance between him and Jiao Long, and why he shows up in
the story. Jiao Long met Dark Cloud when she and her mother was moving to Beijing and moving
across the desert where they were robbed by Dark Cloud and his men. They fall in love in desert.
That is why he interrupts her wedding. After that, Jiao Long runs off from her wedding and steals
the green Destiny again. Then Li Mu Bai follower into the bamboo trees where he shows his skill to
be so far above here. This is one of the best scenes in this movie with all green bamboo leaves and
fighting like dancing on top.
In the last scene, Jade Fox attacks Li Mu Bai. He defends her attack and kills her, but he catches one
of the poison darts and dies after that. Then, Jiao Long goes to Wudang mountain to find her love is
Dark Cloud. After she stays with him one night, she decides to jump off the files away into the
clouds free as she always want to be. She flies, and people know that one day they will come back to
together.
In the movie of Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon, the role of feminism plays a huge emphasis. It is a
film that would be placed in the category of being a classical and revisionist genre. The reason
behind that is because the female is the main character. In other movies, the male characters are the
lead characters for most of the time. This movie breaks that rule which is why it is a revisionist.
When you look at the cast, most of the characters are female. It is

Analysis of Hero the Film by Zhang Yimou
Zhang Yimou's thrilling film Hero is both an emotional and exhilarating experience. Hero combines
the use of action–packed scenes as well as a beautiful love story. Nameless, Broken Sword and
Flying Snow, the main characters, team up to eventually kill the King of Qin who had murdered a
number of people with the Qin army including both Flying Snow and Nameless's father. Although
the Qin army is an enemy of Broken Sword and Flying Snow's people, it is a personal issue to
assassinate the king. Throughout the film the audience is exposed to the developing love that forms
between Broken Sword and Flying Snow. While their love unfolds, many battles of combat arise
between enemies and allies. When Nameless joins Broken Sword and Flying Snow, ... Show more
By using this type of editing to include slow motion, the editing expanded chronological time. By
expanding chronological time the events of the scene are dragged out so the viewer can see every
element and detail of the scene. The way the film maker edited this film allowed the film to display
battle scenes and excellent scenery that completed the appearance of the film. Through the use of
editing of a film, the filmmaker is able to incorporate special effects, slow motion and expand
chronological time in order to give the correct film effect on the audience. The tone of a film is very
important to the overall mode and emotion of the movie. The tone of the movie Hero is both
romantic as well as action–packed. There are many points throughout the film where the romantic
scenes collide with the action–packed scenes to make the film both entertaining and emotional. The
relationship between Broken Sword and Flying Snow connects the audience to the intensity of their
emotion. Although Broken Sword is more emotional than Flying Snow, the differences between the
personalities create the unique romance that carries them throughout the entire film. While the
romantic story between the love bird continues until the day they die together, the swift fighting tone
of the film is also consistent throughout the film. Whether the three main characters are fighting
each other or against the

DBQ essay
Silk Road DBQ The Silk Road in World History
(Suggested writing time – 40 minutes)
You should spend at least 10 minutes reading, analyzing, and grouping the sources. Directions: The
following question is based on the accompanying Documents 1–6. (The documents have been edited
for the purpose of this exercise.) Write your answer on the lined pages of the Section II free–
response booklet.
This question is designed to test your ability to work with and understand historical documents.
Write an essay that:
Has a relevant thesis and supports that thesis with evidence from the documents.
Uses all of the documents.
Analyzes the documents by grouping them in as many appropriate ways as possible. Does not
simply summarize the documents ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To him I presented the letter of our lord the pope, and invited him to adopt the Catholic faith of our
Lord Jesus Christ, but he had grown too old in idolatry. However he bestows kindnesses upon the
Christians, and these two years past I am abiding with him. Document 6
Source: Marco Polo, The Travels of Marco Polo, a Venetian merchant who may have worked for the
Yuan dynasty, the Mongol rulers of China, late 13th century. This excerpt is a description of
Hangzhou, a southern city that was part of the Yuan empire.
There are within the city ten principal squares or market places, besides innumerable shops along
the streets. .... On the nearer bank ... stand large stone warehouses provided for merchants who
arrive from India and other parts with their goods and effects. They are thus situated conveniently
close to the market squares. In each of these, three days in every week, from forty to fifty thousand
persons come to these markets and supply them with every article that could be desired. Document 7
Document 8
Source: Roman coins found in India during the
Classical Age.
Source: Buddhist statue from Greek–conrolled Bactria (N. Central Asia)
Document 9
Source: Pliny, a Roman imperial officer & philosopher; c. 100 CE
Another species of insect are the silk–moths which...make their nests of mud, which looks like salt,
attached to stone; they are so

Raise The Red Lantern Essay
Raise The Red Lantern is a film that follows the story of Songlian, a young university student forced
to become the concubine of a feudal lord after the death of her father. Songlian is the fourth mistress
to the Master and has the most trouble assimilating to the domestic life of servitude that is expected
of her. The harsh traditions and expectations present in the manor are made clear through Yimou
Zhang's use of framing. The vastness of the manor is assumed however Zhang choses to show
limited areas neatly framed in geometric symmetry. Characters in the shot are always framed within
a structure of the manor and placed carefully in each frame so not to disturb the symmetry and order
in each shot. The precision of the camera visually represents the restrictions placed on the mistresses
and how Songlian feels trapped in her new life.
From the very moment she steps foot on the property Songlian is swallowed up by the overbearing
traditions of the manor. Her face is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Songlian does not admit to her own insanity, in fact it is the Master that decides she is to be treated
as such when she accuses him of murdering the third mistress. The Master was ultimately the one
that decided Songlian's condition and sealed her fate with a curse of eternal isolation. In the ending
scene Songlian paces back and forth in her doorway, framing herself in the window on her right and
the window on her left. This signifies her compliance with her own oppression, which is forced on
her through the idea that her insanity makes her opposition an illogical delusion. Zhang's use of
framing throughout the film serves as a visual metaphor to Songlian's feelings of imprisonment and
oppression. The perfect symmetry and clean lines of the manor contrast with the corrupted practices
and chaotic behavior that ensues

Red Sorghum: The Curse Of The Golden Silk Road
28 years have passed since the first collaboration between the awarded Chinese filmmaker, Zhang
Yimou, and the renowned actress, Gong Li. That first movie was "Red Sorghum" – not really one of
my favorites – and their successful association would become stronger in subsequent essential
dramas, all of them from the 90's, cases of "Ju Dou", "Raise the Red Lantern", "The Story of Qiu
Ju", "To Live", and "Shanghai Triad". Now, they reunite one more time in "Coming Home", eight
years after "The Curse of the Golden Flower", an adventurous action epic from 2007. Gong Li plays
Yu Feng, a wife and former teacher whose husband, Lu Yanshi (Daoming Chen), also a professor,
was arrested for political reasons and sent to a labor camp during the Cultural

Ming Dynasty Research Paper
The influence and reverberations of the Chinese artists that became masters
throughout the Song, Yuan, and Ming dynasties are still felt throughout the world of
art today. In China they flourished along with the rich transitions of history they
went through to become what it is that continues their wave of influence throughout
the globe Today. The techniques implemented by these masters will be shown in
this catalog, masters were incredibly unique and original for their time but
eventually melded some styles to have the art and work in general brought to a
higher even more sophisticated Level.
The masters throughout the dynasties created many works that made
many people in china and then throughout the world astonished. Their ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
1050–771 B.C.E.) ritual food vessel called a gui, emperors, most notably
Huizong, espoused cultured tastes of these educated elite and popularized them.
The Next piece is an image form Guo Xi who was a master from the Northern
Song Dynasty probably his most notable piece, the one being displayed,
is called "Early Spring" and will be explored later when discussing Song.
The next piece would be another ceramic also from the Northern Song Era
called Brush washer and its exemplifies the court taste that became prominent in
the 12th century under the patronage of the song emperor Huizong. Going back to

Ceramics this next piece unlike the other is not cracked however the interesting
story is that according to a Chinese myth there were two brothers and one was very
upset and wanted to ruin the other ones pot but the other brother ended up
enjoying the look and decided to keep it.... However this piece has a more tradition
approach and was simply titled "Brush Washer" which was art but also utilized like
some of the pots, in the three dynasties for daily activities. Also it was a general
known fact that Jingdezhen was/still is the capital of ceramics.
The next major work is From the Ming Dynasty and showed the amount

Chinese History And The Chinese Tradition
Chinese history has witnessed the governing styles of many different dynasties throughout its
history. Both the Tang and Yuan dynasties had expansionist ideologies, and both attempted to
reallocate workload under their administrations. While the Tang government was focused on
management and focused (specialization?) of tasks and services, the Yuan dynasty was less able to
fully control its territory and people. The Yuan dynasty's shaky regime, when contrasted with the
relative stability of the Tang, highlights their differences in focus and implementation of legislation.
The Tang views on how to govern their large empire were steeped in Chinese tradition. They
believed that the country was so large, one man could not hope to rule it (1). Thus, they should
enfeoff their relatives and therefore disseminate power across the land so that no one man is too
strong (2,3). In contrast, the Mongols believed that the vast territory that they had acquired needed
to be divided by stark, strict lines. Ethnic and occupational divisions were cleaved within
bureaucratic and social spheres (Governing China 53). These ideological differences highlight the
source of these differences between dynasties: while the Tang was based in a rich native cultural
history, the Yuan was a foreign power exacting influence in an unfamiliar region. This difference
would color all other parts of the dynasties' governance. The extent to which the Tang stretched in
its prime could only be compared to the

The Silk Road In Han China And The Roman Republic
Throughout the lifetime of civilizations in the Ancient World, methods of creating a stable economy
were prevalent. Such method would be the integration of trade routes between societies and a strong
social class. In Han China and in the Roman Republic, the silk road was a staple in the economy of
their societies. Both of these societies established routes along the silk road to increase the wealth
and prosperity of their civilizations. However, though both of these countries utilized the trade of
silk and other goods along the silk road, they also had differences. Han dynasty China and the
Roman Republic had both utilized the silk road to trade their goods to gain prosperity and they
relied on agriculture to receive some of their goods, but differences were present in the goods that
they exchanged, such as China mainly trading silk and rice and Rome trading maining grapes, wine,
and pottery. The civilizations of Han dynasty China and the Roman republic both had a similarity in
that they utilized the silk road as a major trading route. The silk road was utilized by both of these
civilizations to receive needed resources, and exchange others. During the Han dynasty under the
rule of Emperor Wu in 138 B.C, their society was often under attack by the nomadic Xiongnu
people. Due to this, he sent his emissary Zhang Qian to request aid from distant cultures and there
he found the "Dayuan, the Great Ionians". These people were descendants of Alexander the Great's
army. After this

Color Analysis in Raised the Red Lantern Essay
Color Emphasis in Raise the Red Lantern
Chen Ning (Jenny) Yen
58935107
ASIA 355
Professor Rui Wang
23/11/2012
Scholars and film critiques have often regarded the fifth–generation film Director, Zhang Yi Mou's
films as a visually sensual feast (Zhu 26). The predominant use of the color Red in his highly
stylized films: Red Sorghum (1988), Ju Dou and Raise the Red Lantern (1991) are evidence of his
trademark visual style thus leading scholars to critically analyze the symbolic representation of the
color. I would argue however, in addition to the prevalent use of red in his art–house films, there are
several supporting colors (black, white, grey, blue), intertwining with the color red. Zhang seems ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When protagonist Songlian is asked to visit her fellow sisters, it is important to note that there are no
lanterns in 1st mistress's bedroom. This automatically eliminates her from the battle of lanterns, and
may be reasoned for her age and the fact that she has already given the master a son, fulfills her
filial duties as a wife.
According to Kong, "Red in Chinese culture symbolizes 'luck' and 'popularity' and is commonly
used in important rituals and ceremonies...the color red is a vital signifier that is often charged with
a special ironic power" (123). Red is often associated with passion and lust, though the latter is true
to this film, the symbolic representation of red amount to sexuality as a means of gaining political
power within the Chen household. The dining table scene where 3rd mistress arrives fashionably
late dressed in a bright red gown shows that she currently holds the power in the amongst the four
mistresses. This power , once acquired comes with the consequence of being objectified under the
red light to the master's male gaze. Hence referring back to Kong who mentions the power these
women gain is ironic. Their victory is the attention of the master's affection for one night. This
further emphasizes the lack of power and importance women have under the Confucian ideologies.
Perhaps the red tones

House Of Flying Daggers And Curse Of The Golden Flower By...
Zhang Yimou directed both the critically acclaimed House of Flying Daggers and the visual
masterpiece Curse of the Golden Flower, movies with wuxia influences which are not only popular
locally, but overseas as well. Yimou infuses his films with several themes that reinforce the Chinese
tradition of upholding social, political, and natural norms. Despite their differences and due to their
similarities, House of Flying Daggers and Curse of the Golden Flower emphasize the importance of
obeying authority and maintaining harmony in Chinese culture.
The theme of desire, although different kinds, is evident in both films. A story about three ill–fated
lovers, House of Flying Daggers begins with a beautiful performance by Zhang Ziyi. She flits back
and forth lyrically in a show of dance and unmistakable talent. She is not what she seems. The
melodic harmony of the instrumental accompaniment strikes a strong contrast against the phrases
she sings softly, albeit slightly out of key. Zhang, the main love interest, croons about the pursuit of
a single woman by two enemy states, paralleling the conflict of the story itself. The central conflict
of House of Flying Daggers raises several issues. Can a person authentically love more than one
person? What is the cost of romantic pursuits, and is that price worth the sacrifice made?
Unfortunately, this desire that defies the "natural order of things," an unconventional threesome, so
to speak, ends only in pain and heartbreak. On the other

Sample Resume : Regional Cuisine
CANTONESE REGIONAL CUISINE (Chinese flag, 9 April 2015) Navjot Singh Student ID: 39664
Class ID: DDCPCKYJUL15F1 Tutor Name: John Nicholson Unit Name: Regional Cuisine

Not Gold
The colonization of the Americas by Spain and the beginning of extensive silver mining in Japan
greatly increased silver production. However, this increase of the supply of silver, while to some
people seemed good, overall caused problems. Although the increase in silver mining appeared to
benefit Japan and Spain– the suppliers– as well as Ming China– the receivers– overall this increase
caused worldwide problems. The effect of the increase of silver production, while being beneficial
to the middlemen that facilitated the trade, eventually weakened states empires that supplied
received silver in vast qualities. In China, though many people believed the increase of trade that
increased the amount of silver in china was beneficial, overall ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Although this would not affect the economy at all, the basic reason to be frugal is one that the Ming
Empire should have used in their large transactions that would affect the economy. Furthermore, the
affect moneylenders in order to buy things, since they must use silver instead of a traditional barter
economic system ( doc5). The increase impedance to the Chinese economy would fill the pockets of
moneylenders instead of benefiting the economy. Likewise, the increase in silver production, while
benefiting Spain early on, in time hurt the Spanish empire. Tomas de Mercado, a Spanish scholar,
wrote how the high prices of luxury goods caused silver to only flow out of Spain,hurting the
economy (doc2). Mercado wrote this account in 1571, yet already Ming ships conducted extensive
silver trade with the Spanish Empire via Manila. In addition, Antonio Vasquez de Espinosa, a
Spanish priest, shows another side that the silver production affected in negative way –– the social
side: Vaquez, writing about Potosi, the largest silver mine in Spain 's colonial possessions, describes
the terrible condition that Native American dealt with in the labor in the mines ( doc6).Although the
encomienda system had already been dismantled in 1542, Vasquez shows the continuing
manipulation of the Native American population by the Spanish. Vasquez, a Spanish priest, is
obviously a priest

How Did The Clock Impact The Ancient World
Many of the greatest inventions ever to be created were coined in ancient China. Soap, gunpowder,
even alcohol was first made in China, long ago. The clock, however, is, I believe, the most
important of all the great chinese inventions. It tells us when to get up in the morning, when to be at
school, at work, how long to brush your teeth, everything! The world runs completely on time, and
it's all because of a certain man who changed the course of the future by just wanting to find out
how to tell time more precisely than sundials and non–mechanical water clocks.. Yi Xing,who
developed the clock and who lived during the Tang Dynasty in the Chinese Civilization, impacted
both the ancient and modern world by inventing the most impactful invention ... Show more content
Yi Xing, the inventor of the first clock, originally invented it for horoscopes, astronomical purposes,
and of course the time of day. Now, of course, we use it for much more then that. The whole human
society runs by the clock, and without the development of this specific clock, time would be
completely different. It would be like missing the first step on the stairs. You would fall down them
and land on your face. Where would that put time now? Would we still be stuck on sundials and
shadows? Maybe people would have abandoned that time set, and adopted a whole other system of
time. People would have different intervals of time, different ways of telling time, different
everything! However, the clock was made, and so no one even notices because they are too busy
running off to the next place. All because of time. Too bad Xing's clock didn't make time longer!
The clock Z=Xing made is very important for today's society. Even if it was too futuristic for its
time and wasn't used too often, the design for this clock was used time and time again, and it
developed into the clock we know

The Changing Image of Women Position in Chinese Film...
The Changing Image of Women Position in Chinese Film Since 1950s Since 1950s, after the
Chairman Mao Zedong's Yanán conference, art and literature had strictly become tools of promoting
the ideology of Communist Party, that is, the product of art and literature in China can be classified
as highly popanganda. Chairman Mao Zedong and his Communist Party strongly suggested the
equality of both genders – male and female. To promote Mao's theory, certain kind of strong female
character's image had been created in films since 1950s, and furthermore, the images of these female
characters were changing during the time period.
The common features of the female characters in Chinese film are usually being victimize, they
always ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In The Yellow Earth and The Red Sorghum, both of the female character are being suffered under
the convention feudalism and the politics. But their attitude towards those great forces are different
from the White Hair Girl. And more description of the female features in these two films.
In The Yellow Earth, the female character Cuiqiao only wants to escape from the arranged marriage,
escape from her father and escape from the rule of convention feudalism. She begged Brother Gu
from the 8th Army in the Communist Party to take her with him, but Brother Gu just refused, he said
"There are also rules for officers." Therefore Cuiqiao just realized there are rules everywhere in her
world. After marriage, Cuiqiao was suffered much, she decided to go across the river to Yanán to
look for the 8th Army, but eventually disappear in the Yellow River.
The attitude towards the women whom willing to free from the traditional lock of feudalism is
different between The Yellow Earth and the White Hair Girl. The White Hair Girl is a passive
attitude, she rather hide inside the cave to avoid being suffer again from the landlord, her saviour is
Communist Party. But in The Yellow Earth, the represent of Communist Party – Brother Gu haven't
saved Cuiqiao (although he willing to) He only gave her the dream of the

Analysis Of The Poem ' The ' Of The Yellow Mocker Woke '
When the call of the Yellow Mocker woke her, Charity raised up to look out the window– perched
on a limb in the tree near the window, the mockingbird set, singing his bothersome tune and staring
in at her. Looking over to where Henry lay sleeping beside her on the bed, she longed to cuddle up
beside him and shut the outside world away, but the mocker's beckoning call stirred her to action.
For months, she had dreaded this day coming; no mother should ever have to watch their child die.
Rising slowly, she did not know if she had the strength to face what she knew she must. Listening
with her soul's ears, she heard him... Aaron's calls for her, reached through the night and across the
miles; she could not ignore the powerful force of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Letting her spirit flow around and through him, she wrapped him in her embrace. She lay beside
him, kissed his face and stroked his dampened hair. "Mama 's here, baby," she said softly. "Mama is
right here and I am not going to leave you." Aaron opened his eyes and looked at her. "Would ya just
look at that," the young private said in awe. "What is it now?" the sergeant asked gruffly. "Look at
him, Sarge! He looks jest like he see 's somebody right there with him. Ain 't that strange, Sarge?"
the private asked. "Don't nuthin' strike me as strange these days, son– I have seen enough strange
stuff in the last few weeks to last me a lifetime! Don 't nuthin' surprise me anymore– I think it's all in
their heads– they just think their maws are there with 'em– he ain't the first one I saw do that, and
prolly won't be the last. "If I had to take a guess, I'd say he's delirious with fever or something and
thinks he's a talking to his maw. Now, don 't keep a hollerin' at me every time he moves or mumbles
– there ain 't a damn thing I can do for him, or you neither– it won't be long, he'll be gone," the
sergeant said sternly. The young private looked back

Third Cinema in China: Yellow Earth Essay
Third Cinema in China: Yellow Earth
What is identified as 'excess' in Western cinematic experience is, therefore, precisely where we
locate Third World cinema. –Teshome Gabriel
The possibility of a Third Cinema in China is encouraged with Chen Kaige's 1984 film Yellow
Earth. Drawing upon Teshome Gabriel's framework, a working definition of Third Cinema is
possible in the case of Chinese cinema. The "fifth generation" of China's film–makers is credited in
making films such as Yellow Earth, Farewell my Concubine, and The Blue Kite, as well as Raise the
Red Lantern and Red Sorghum. While not all films made by the fifth generation are necessarily of a
Third Cinema, many of them offer critique, drawing upon tactics to raise social or ... Show more
One may even suggest that Yellow Earth is an 'avant–gardist' attempt by young Chinese film–
makers taking cover under the abstractionist ambiguities of Classical Chinese painting. Chinese
film–makers, still confronted with censorship or the potential banning of a work, realize the need to
speak in a new, different "Chinese" film language than drawing upon Western models. Western
forms proved unconducive to the Chinese condition. Therefore by drawing upon indigenous art
forms, a Chinese cinema to speak to the Chinese in their own language better articulates, in the case
of Yellow Earth, the condition of rural poverty. The natural world is better represented through
Chinese painting aesthetics adopted by the camera. Vastness of the land, of what Gabriel call the
"mass' of the Third World, is propelled to the screen through extremely long shots. Yimou's
extensive use of long shots in Yellow Earth place characters in relation to the world in which they
live and work. Often, characters are no more than abstract figures walking along foot paths in the
hills or at the meeting of sky and earth at the horizon. The land is the rural people's domain, but
unlike the West, they do not dominate and control the land. They live within it. In other words:
The spiritual quality achieved in the supreme Chinese landscape and nature paintings is a feeling of
harmony with the universe in

Essay about Asians and Kill Bill
Asians and Kill Bill
Sitting in the movie theater, I was baffled to see so many stereotypes touched on in one single film.
These stereotypes were not just any kind of stereotype – they were those pertaining to Asians in
particular. The obviousness and sheer transparency of the stereotypes made the movie look like a
complete joke. The film? Kill Bill.
The majority of today's films starring Asian actors and actresses often contain numerous stereotypes.
They cater to the biased views that most non–Asians have of Asian ethnicity and culture. What they
do not know they make up for in ignorance and ridicule in one of today's top forms of mass media.
By using a widespread style of media in today's pop culture, more and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
From her roles in Charlie's Angels to this year's Kill Bill, Liu has become a veteran of the tough–
chick image – she is always prepared to fight. Collectively, these actors have always impressed their
audiences with their talents but audiences fail to realize that fictional portrayal is not always reality.
Ask any person of Asian descent and many will concur that at one point, someone has asked them:
"Do you know kung fu?"
The stereotypes do not end there. Other films tend to expose Asians as nerds and overachievers. An
example of this can be seen in Better Luck Tomorrow in which a group of young boys are all
striving to get the best grades possible, no matter how they are earned. Terminal USA includes the
classic computer nerd who is all brains and no life.
Another common stereotype is one strictly directed towards Asian women. The female character is
always one of two things. She is either the sexual dominatrix (the "dragon lady") or the innocent and
submissive young girl (the "China doll"). More often than not, Asian women are portrayed as exotic,
mysterious, and overtly sexual. A perfect example of this can be seen in films like The World of
Suzie Wong.
Movies, being an influential factor in our society, make a great impact on our outlook on foreign and

Article Analysis for Revenue Recognition Timing and...
Article analysis for Revenue Recognition Timing and Attributes of Reported Revenue: The Case of
Software Industry's Adoption of SOP 91–1 by Yuan Zhang
Timing of revenue recognition is a crucial part in revenue recognition. According to US GAAP,
revenue should be recognized when it is realized/realizable and earned (FASB, 1984, Para. 83).
However, a number of software firms recognized revenue prior to product delivery or service
performance in the past, which potentially violated one or both of the conditions of the revenue
recognition principle. In response, AICPA released Statement of Position (SOP) 91–1 in Dec. 1991,
which stipulated that if collectability is probable, license revenue should be recognized upon
delivery and service ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Therefore, the author made a Hypothesis: Ceteris paribus, reported revenue under early revenue
recognition is more timely in providing economic information than that under SOP 91–1. An
efficient stock market impounds value–relevant information of economic transactions in a quick and
unbiased fashion. The author tried to find the relationship between reported revenue and stock return
to prove the hypothesis by employing reverse regression methodology. After analysis of data, the
author's conclusion is that early revenue recognition increases the timeliness.
In section 5, the author hypothesizes that the accounts receivable accruals map into the cash flow
realizations to a lesser extent than those under SOP 91–1. The author points out that the earlier the
recognition, the more likely the customer is to not pay. Circumstances such as acceptance,
commitment to pay and/or needs for customization may change prior to or upon delivery of the
software or rendering of the service that may not be foreseen at the time of contract signing or
earlier than as specified in SOP 91–1.
In order to test his hypothesis, the author followed the Dechow and Dichev (2002), which examines
the standard deviations of residuals from a regression of accounts receivable accruals on
corresponding cash flow realizations. The model uses information related to accounts receivable,
sales cash collected during the periods, and errors in accounts receivable accruals (sresid). The
author

How To Raise The Red Lantern
Zhang Yimou's Raise the Red Lantern was released in 1991 to immediate critical acclaim, despite
being banned in China until mid–1992. Set in China in the 1920s, the film tells the story of
Songlian, played by Gong Li, a young woman who has become the fourth concubine of the Chen
clan master. In constructing the trailer for his film, Zhang uses six sequences to establish three main
genres: melodrama, the spy film, and horror. This essay will discuss how the formal elements within
each sequence relate to a specific genre and why this helps to advertise the film to a wide audience
base, whilst reflecting on the connection between the trailer and the film as a whole.
Raise the Red Lantern is regarded as a melodrama, a genre which, especially ... Show more content
In the sequences 'Conspiracy' and 'Murder', Songlian witnesses the abduction and death of Meishan,
leaving the audience with a hunger to find out how the film led up to this dramatic moment.
'Conspiracy' begins with a close–up of Songlian as she examines the padlock which secures the door
of a windowless room, depicting her as a spy–like figure who is looking to unearth the secrets of the
house. As she pushes the door slightly ajar the camera tilts downwards, revealing a rope and strange
debris which lie on the floor of the room. In terms of the film as a whole, the props revealed in this
shot aptly foreshadow Meishan's hanging, yet this is done in a subtle manner which maintains the
viewer's curiosity. The sequence then cuts to a shot showing Meishan, as the male servants seize her
during the night. This shot establishes the concept of good versus evil which is a vital element of the
spy film, as we see a good character being captured by the enemy. To enhance the viewer's
perception of this idea, costume and props are given symbolic power, which reveals the film's
elaborate handling of mise en scène. Meishan's white clothes, signifying her innocence, are
contrasted with the black clothes of the servants, which characterises them as an oppressive force.
Furthermore, we begin to view the lanterns as a symbol of inherent evil, as they surround Meishan
whilst she struggles to escape her

Cultural Revoluation in China
One of the most significant changes occurred in the wake of the Cultural Revolution. During the
revolution itself, China was virtually cut off from the rest of the world in a form of extreme "cultural
protectionism" (Hong, 1998, p.2). There was a severe lack of cultural imports during the Cultural
Revolution, regardless of whether they were industrial or cultural imports. However, under Deng
Xiaoping's leadership, an era of reform began in China. The nation began to open itself up
politically and economically, leading to widespread importation of foreign products during the
1980s. Some of the complexities of Chinese media start to emerge during this period, particularly in
the interaction between global and local forces. The importation of Western goods is a combination
of both internal and external factors. From a global or external standpoint, factors include the
popularity of Western products, the rise of global trade, and worldwide technological development.
On the other hand, internal factors deal more with changes in government intervention, new media
policies, and shifts in the makeup of society itself (Hong, 1998, p.3). With the opening up of China
in the 1980s, the country soon became one of the biggest buyers in the global television
programming market. Massive importation soon led to imitation, as can be seen in the importation
and imitation of telenovelas. In this case, it was specifically the impact of the global product being
consumed in a local market that

How Does Zhang Yimou Use Dramatic Irony In To Live
Zhang Yimou's To Live is a powerful indictment of communist authoritarian rule and blind
patriotism. The film places the viewer in the position of an insider as the Communist Revolution
alters the political and social landscape of China. By using dramatic irony, Zhang Yimou appraises
communist collectivist culture, class structure and power in revolutionary China, and the Cultural
Revolution. In addition, by using shadow puppetry as a symbol of indoctrination, Zhang Yimou
examines the link between political change, personal tragedy, and bureaucratic incompetence.
Among Zhang Yimou's characters, we see many people who are subject to constraints on their free
will and actions because they are either part of the Communist party or deemed to be ... Show more
To do so, Fugui attempts to maintain his 'face' in the commune by donating the most steel and telling
his son to work rather than sleep. Consequently, like the very puppets that he holds, Fugui becomes
another puppet in the communist authoritarian rule. His effort to uphold social standing ultimately
contributes to the death of his son.
These two tragic deaths, both filled with dramatic irony, reveal Zhang Yimou's critique of
communist collectivist culture and the class structure and power in revolutionary China. Communist
collectivist culture may produce benefits such as communal kitchens and giving poor townspeople a
sense of hope. However, the class antagonisms between revolutionaries and counterrevolutions
produces an environment where no one challenges authority and where blind patriotism sometimes
morphs into hysteria like

The Rise of Western Power: When China Ruled the Sea Essay
The rise of Western power is a relatively recent development in the modern era. Previously the
world could be seen as polycentric with overlapping spheres of influence (Marks 34). However, by
the fifteenth century, China held considerable economic and military power, leading the world in
size, population, agriculture, and commerce (Mungello 1). China also excelled in technology,
military strength, learning, and the fine arts (Mungello 2). Leading China through its glory days was
the Ming Dynasty which endured more than 250 years until its decline in 1644 (Dardess 1).
Before the Ming dynasty, China had become little more than a portion of the Mongol Empire.
Hongwu, formerly Zhu Yuanzhang, became the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty ... Show more
These treasure ships or bao chuan were built in the docks of Nanjing and the first voyage consisted
of 317 ships that were up to 400 hundred feet long (Levathes 21). The sheer size of the bao chuan
can be compared to the ships of Columbus and de Gama nearly a century later and a quarter of the
size (Levathes 22). Zheng He and his treasure fleet traveled from China to the coast of East Africa,
stopping in major ports in the Spice Islands, India, and Arabia.
For centuries the Indian Ocean had been a coveted and profitable source of commerce and trade due
to the market for spices and textiles especially after the fall of the Roman Empire and the decline of
the Mediterranean. The Silk Road served as the primary route to reach the trade cites of the East
until its decline with the fall of the Mongol Empire (Pagden 57). As the Silk Road fell into decline,
navigation techniques improved, and the Ottoman Empire rose in power, sea routes became an
increasingly important way to reach trade in the Indian Ocean.
The voyages of Zheng He had a couple of effects on world history. The primary effect of the
voyages was to opening a sea route that connected the China Seas with the Indian Ocean (Marks
48). This allowed for trade to flow from the eastern coast of Africa to Japan making the East an
extremely profitable market. In

Western Influence In The Film Chilsu And Mansu
After watching Chilsu and Mansu (1988), the first thing that I've noticed apart from this film being
in color was the economic development that took place in Seoul compared to the previous films that
we have seen. The image of Seoul in this film was more recognizable to today. I also found this film
to be relative modern. The film main female character Jina worked at Burger King (American
establishment) and is a college student. I think she is the first female character that we've seen in
college and educated. There was also a lot of Western influence in this film. When Chilsu and Jina
went to the movie, they went to see an American film. When they went to the club, there was
American music playing in the background. Jina takes a contemporary ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
affluent class. In the film, Chilsu and Mansu were both working class men in the painting industry.
They would paint buildings and billboards. Unfortunately, their job wasn't stable and they would
have difficulty finding work. Throughout the film, Chilsu seems to never have any money and
Mansu and his living situation was not the best. I felt that Chilsu was aspiring to be apart of the
affluent class. He essentially was living a double life. When he was with Jina he was an art student
that was going to America to study continue his art studies. He would spend money that he didn't
have on taking Jina to the movies, club, etc. When Chilsu was with Mansu, he was a painting
assistant that never has money. In one scene, Chilsu needed to go pee while working and he
happened to see Jina and her mother shopping. When they were looking at jewelry, he envisions
himself in a suit introducing himself to Jina's mother. In reality, he didn't go in to the jewelry store
and when a man asks him what he was doing there he just ran off. Towards the end of the film,
Chilsu and Mansu went on top of the billboard to vent at their frustration about being in the working
class. The social realism of this film is worth discussing. This film highlights the struggles that the
working classes had to go through. It showed the daily struggle on the common men in Korea in the
80's with no

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