En el Aula Virtual online de Educagratis ( http://www.educagratis.org ) es posible encontrar un Curso de Acondicionamiento Físico para Adolescentes ( http://entrenamiento.educagratis.org ) .
Curso orientado al desarrollo y mejoramiento de las cualidades físicas básicas, derivadas y complementarias del individuo a través de sistemas y métodos de entrenamiento.
Los objetivos del curso son:
- el desarrollar y mejorar las capacidades físicas básicas, derivadas y complementarias a través de una preparación física sistemática.
- Y el de identificar y practicar diferentes métodos y sistemas de entrenamiento que puedan servirle para una posterior práctica de la actividad física.
Más cursos de Preparación Física: http://entrenamiento.educagratis.org
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As Indians we are succeeding globally, achieving our dreams in foreign countries. Yet, our matru-bhoomi languishes in poverty, corruption and rule-of-political-mafia. We need to change this. We have to change it. Our identity and our existence depends on our actions.
Executive summary of Electric vehicle charging station for business plan presentation in ICAR-NAARM and this was written by referring some of the business running models in abroad.
The document discusses several types of pediatric heart disease. It describes congenital heart defects as the most common type, affecting about 8 in 1,000 births. Some specific congenital defects mentioned include heart valve disorders, holes in the heart walls, and tetralogy of Fallot. The document also discusses acquired conditions like atherosclerosis, arrhythmias, Kawasaki disease, heart murmurs, pericarditis, rheumatic heart disease, viral infections of the heart, cardiomyopathy, pulmonary hypertension, and myocarditis. It provides details on symptoms, causes, and treatments for each condition.
Sudden cardiac death is the sudden, unexpected death caused by loss of heart function, most often due to abnormal heart rhythms. It accounts for about half of heart disease deaths and can result from structural heart issues or heart attacks. While generally unpredictable, factors like high blood pressure, smoking, inactivity, and family history can increase risk. For those at high risk, screening and interventions like Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators may help reduce risk or treat abnormal heart rhythms. Lifestyle changes to reduce risk factors and treatment of underlying conditions may also help decrease risk of sudden cardiac death.
I. The document discusses how to interpret timing on electrocardiograms (ECGs) and determine heart rates. Each large square on an ECG represents 0.2 seconds and is divided into 5 smaller squares of 0.04 seconds each.
II. It also provides methods for assessing regularity of heart rhythms using ECG tracings and distinguishing between bradycardias and tachycardias, as well as narrow and broad complex rhythms.
III. Specific arrhythmias discussed include ventricular tachycardia, polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, torsades de pointes, and broad complex rhythms that can originate from the atria like atrial fibrillation.
This document provides guidance for reporting electrocardiogram (ECG) results in a thorough yet concise manner. It recommends including key details such as the patient's identity and date, ventricular rate, rhythm regularity, sinus rhythm status, cardiac axis, PR and QRS interval measurements, P wave, QRS complex, ST segment and T wave assessments, and differential diagnosis in the report. The goal is to have a routine structure for consistently analysing and communicating ECG investigation findings to colleagues.
A pigtail catheter is a medical device used in procedures like angiography. It has a curved tip that prevents the catheter from slipping out of place. The document discusses the use of pigtail catheters but provides little detail on the specific procedure or context for its use.
Mumps is a contagious viral infection that is transmitted through saliva or mucus from an infected person and causes swelling of the salivary glands. Common symptoms include fever, headache, and swelling of the parotid glands located below the ears. While mumps is usually mild and self-limiting, complications can include meningitis, pancreatitis, or orchitis in males. Vaccination with two doses of the MMR vaccine is highly effective at preventing mumps.
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The brain can remain active for up to six minutes after the heart stops. CPR within this window may help the brain survive the lack of oxygen. Different types of memory are stored at different levels in the brain. Short-term memory encoded as current neuronal firing and short-term potentiation decay immediately or within minutes after loss of consciousness. Long-term memory stored as synaptic weights and neural wiring can remain intact longer after brain death but are not accessible once a large number of neurons have died.
1. Myocardial infarction occurs when blood flow decreases or stops to the heart muscle, depriving it of oxygen and causing cell death.
2. The ECG, blood tests of cardiac enzymes like troponin, and symptoms are used to diagnose a myocardial infarction.
3. Different coronary artery blockages can cause infarcts in specific heart regions, shown by distinct ST segment changes on ECG - inferior infarcts raise ST in II, III, AVF, etc.
Endocarditis is an inflammation of the inner lining of the heart that is usually caused by a bacterial infection. Common symptoms include fever, chills, heart murmurs, and muscle or joint pain. It can be diagnosed through echocardiograms, blood tests, and electrocardiograms. Treatment involves intravenous antibiotics for weeks and may require heart valve surgery to repair damage. Complications can include abnormal heart rhythms, blood clots, and embolisms that spread the infection to other organs like the kidneys, lungs, and brain.
Echocardiography is a technique used to assess the heart's function and structures. It uses ultrasound to create moving images of the heart and detect any abnormalities that may be present. The document provides an introduction to echocardiography and its basic principles and applications.
The document describes various ultrasound views used to image the heart, including the parasternal long axis and short axis views from the sternum, apical views from the apex of the heart, subcostal views from below the ribs, and suprasternal views from above the sternum. For each view, it indicates the transducer placement and orientation and the heart structures that can be seen from that view.
This document contains 17 questions about ECG interpretations with corresponding answers. Each question provides an ECG reading and clinical scenario, and the answers analyze the ECG findings and provide a diagnosis. Some of the conditions addressed include atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, ventricular tachycardia, STEMI, non-STEMI, Brugada syndrome, WPW syndrome, hyperkalemia, pulmonary embolism, pericarditis, hypothermia, and more. The document serves as a teaching aid with examples of ECG interpretations for various cardiac conditions and presentations.
The document discusses drugs used to treat erectile dysfunction (ED). There are five oral phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5Is) including sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil, avanafil, and alprostadil. PDE5Is work by inhibiting the PDE5 enzyme and increasing blood flow to the penis to facilitate erection. Alprostadil is a prostaglandin E1 injection or suppository that works locally in the penis. All drugs have similar side effects like headaches and flushing but differ in how long their effects last and if they interact with food. Proper use and understanding the mechanisms and pharmacokinetics of these drugs is important for
I. A coronary stent is a mesh tube placed in arteries to treat heart disease and keep arteries open. It is implanted via angioplasty.
II. Stents are implanted by threading a balloon catheter into the heart and inflating the balloon to expand the stent against the artery wall.
III. While generally safe, potential risks of stents include blood clots, infection, and re-narrowing of the artery known as restenosis.
A coronary angiogram is an x-ray imaging procedure used to evaluate coronary artery disease. It involves inserting a catheter into an artery and using contrast dye and fluoroscopy to visualize the arteries. It can identify blockages and determine the appropriate treatment such as medications, angioplasty, stenting, or bypass surgery. The procedure takes 20-30 minutes and is usually not very uncomfortable with local anesthesia and sedation. Risks include bleeding, infection, contrast reactions, and damage to arteries.
This document provides information about behavioral sciences and the biopsychosocial model of health care. It defines behavioral sciences as a branch of science that deals with human and animal behavior through systematic observation and experimentation. It notes key differences between behavioral sciences and social sciences in their level of analysis. The document also describes the biopsychosocial model, which views health as influenced by biological, psychological, and social factors rather than just biological ones. It discusses implications and challenges of this model in medicine.
The biopsychosocial model considers biological, psychological, and social factors that influence health. It aims to treat the whole person rather than just symptoms. This leads doctors to consider relationships, lifestyle, environment, and preventative care alongside medical treatment. However, challenges include poverty, behaviors like misusing antibiotics, and lack of access to healthcare.
The document discusses several species of trematodes (parasitic flatworms) that infect humans, including their life cycles, transmission, sites of infection, and associated diseases. It focuses on the important trematodes Schistosoma species (which cause schistosomiasis), Clonorchis sinensis (liver fluke), Paragonimus westermani (lung fluke), Fasciola hepatica, and Fasciolopsis buski. It provides details on the life cycles, pathogenesis, clinical findings, and diagnosis of schistosomiasis. It also briefly discusses Fasciola hepatica (sheep liver fluke) and Fasciolopsis buski, which infect the bile
This document discusses two types of tissue nematodes: Wuchereria bancrofti and Onchocerca volvulus. W. bancrofti causes filariasis and elephantiasis when transmitted via mosquitoes. It causes inflammation and obstruction of lymphatic vessels leading to edema. O. volvulus causes onchocerciasis (river blindness) when transmitted via blackflies. It causes inflammation, nodules, and microfilariae that migrate to the eyes and skin, potentially causing blindness, skin thickening, and dermatitis. Both are diagnosed via blood smears (W. bancrofti) or skin biopsies (O. volvulus)
This document discusses Plasmodium and Toxoplasma, which cause malaria and toxoplasmosis respectively. It covers their life cycles, transmission, pathogenesis, clinical findings, and laboratory diagnosis. Plasmodium is transmitted by mosquitoes and causes malaria, while Toxoplasma is transmitted through contact with cat feces or undercooked meat and causes toxoplasmosis including congenital infection. Both involve asymptomatic infection in healthy individuals but can cause severe disease in immunocompromised patients.
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