This document outlines the formulation and evaluation of an herbal emulgel containing Terminalia chebula for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Key points: 1. An emulgel was developed to improve delivery of hydrophilic herbal extracts through the skin using a stable dual drug release system. 2. The emulgel was prepared using a gel base incorporated with an herbal oil-in-water emulsion containing Terminalia chebula extract. 3. Evaluation tests showed the emulgel had desirable physical properties and released the herbal extract in vitro over an extended period, indicating its potential for transdermal delivery in rheumatoid arthritis treatment.

1. "Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Emulgel "
Asst. Prof. Chaitali C. Dongaonkar,
M.Pharm (QA), PGDPL,
Department of Pharmaceutics,
PES Modern College of Pharmacy(For Ladies), Moshi.
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2. CONTENTS
• Introduction
• Need and Usefulness
• Drug profile
• Experimental work
• References
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3. INTRODUCTION
 Herbal drugs are probably as old as human race
 Incorporation of novel drug delivery system : -
1. Reduce degradation of drug and/or drug loss
2. Reduce harmful side effect
3. Conventional therapy is ineffective due to limited permeation via skin and
problem can be overcome by incorporating novel drug delivery system i.e.
EMULGEL………….!!!!!!!!!!!!
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4. Transdermal drug delivery system
Medication through the skin and into the bloodstream
The drug will keep diffusing into the blood for a long period of time
Maintaining the constant concentration of drug in the blood flow
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5. Mechanism of drug transfer via skin
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iiintercellular
follicular transcellular

6. Why Emulgel ?
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EMULSION
× Unstable During
Shelf Life GEL
× Hydrophobic drug
can not deliver
× Hydrophilic Drug
limited permeation
via skin
EMULGEL
 Emulsion + Gel = Emulgel
 Stable
 Dual control release
 Hydrophobic drug can be deliver
 Hydrophilic drug enhanced
permeation

7. Mechanism of action of Emulgel
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Gel Emulgel
Hydrogel API
Lipid
Evaporation of
solvent

8. Advantages
Thixotropic
Easily spreadable
Better loading capacity
Greaseless
Controlled drug release
Avoidance of First pass metabolism
Emollient
Non-staining
Longer shelf-life
Pleasing appearance
Enhanced permeability
Site specific
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9. Composition of Emulgel
• Aqueous material : Water, Alcohol eg. Ethanol
• Oils : Mineral oils , Paraffins eg. Arachies oil, Light liq. Paraffin
• Emulsifying Agents : Polythene glycol, Stearates, Spans, Tweens
• Penetration Enhancers : Oleic acid, Lecithin, Menthol
• Gelling Agent : CMC, HPMC, Carbapol
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10. Preparation method of Emulgel
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Oil phase Aq. phase
Emulsification
o/w or w/o Emulsion
Incorporation in the Gel base
Emulgel

11. Herbs used in Rheumatoid Arthritis
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 Aloe barbadensis Linn
 Withania somnifera Linn
 Boswellia serrata Linn
 Zingiber officinale Linn
 Curcurma longa Linn
 Vitex negundo Linn
 Terminalia Chebula

12. NOVELTYAND USEFULNESS
1. Incorporation of novel drug delivery system for Herbal Drugs
2. Improving lipid solubility of hydrophilic phytoconstituents
3. Improved drug delivery to deeper skin even blood
4. Recovery treatment for Arthritis
5.Biphasic Drug delivery system for Herbal extract
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13. Hirada(Terminalia Chebula)
• Common Name : Hirada, Haritaki
• Biological Name : Terminalia Chebula
• Family : Combretaceae
• Part used : Fruit
• Active Constituents : Gallic acid
• Therapeutic activity :
 Anti-inflammatory
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Gallic Acid

14. EXCIPIENT PROFILE
Sr. No. Materials Quantity Use
1. Carbopol 940 1 % Viscosity increasing agent
2. Tween 80 and Span 20 2.2 + 1.8 % Emulsifiers
3. Propylene glycol 7 % Plasticizers
4. Triethanolamine Q.S. Adjuvant for pH adjustment
5. Ethanol 7 % Aqueous phase, Solubilize extract
9. Sesame seed oil 6 % Oily phase, Ant arthritic activity
10. Methyl paraben 0.18 % Preservative
11. Propyl paraben 0.02 % Preservative
12. Deionized Water Q.S. Vehicle
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15. Method of Formulation
Step 1 : Formulation of gel :
Weighed quantity of Carbopol
Dispersed in required quantity of deionized water
Stirred at 1500 - 2000 rpm using Mechanical stirrer
Add Triethanolamine to adjust pH 6.0 to 6.5
Gel
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16. Step 2 : Formulation of Emulsion
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Oil Phase Aqueous Phase
Aqueous Phase added
to Oil Phase by gentle
stirring
Cool to room
temperature
Emulsion

17. Step 3: Formulation of Emulgel :
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Gel
Emulsion
Mixed in
1:1 with
stirring
Emulgel

18. EVALUATION TESTS
Physical Parameters:
1. Color
2. Homogenicity
3. Consistency
4. Grittiness
5. Phase separation.
pH
Viscosity
Spreadability
Drug content
Extrudability study
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19. EVALUATION TESTS
Swelling Index
In Vitro diffusion study
Stability study
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20. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
 In vitro Diffusion Study:
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21. REFERENCES
1.American College of Rheumatology. (2012). Rheumatoid Arthritis (1st ed.). Atlanta, DC: Author.
2.Ranade, S.Y & Gaud, R.S. (2013). Current strategies in herbal drug delivery for arthritis: an
overview. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Research, 4(10), 3782-3794.
3.Saroha, K. et al. (2013). Transdermal gels - an alternative vehicle for drug delivery. International
Journal of Pharmaceutical, Chemical and Biological Sciences, 3(3), 495-503.
4.Singla, V. et al. (2012). Emulgel: A New Platform for Topical Drug Delivery. International Journal of
Pharma and Bio Sciences, 3(1), 485-498.
5.Kute, S.B. (2013). Emulsified gel A Novel approach for delivery of hydrophobic drugs: An
overview. Journal of Advanced Pharmacy Education & Research, 3(4), 368-376.
6.Rasool, M & Varalakshmi, P. (2006). Immunomodulatory role of Withania somnifera root powder on
experimental induced inflammation: An in vivo and in vitro study. Vascular Pharmacology, 44(6), 406-
410. Retrieved 1 December, 2014, from
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1537189106000747
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22. REFERENCES
7.Agrawal et al.. (1999). Studies on immunomodulatory activity of Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha)
extracts in experimental immune inflammation. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 67(1), 27-35. Retrieved 1
December, 2014, from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378874199000653
8.Verma, S.K & Kumar, A. (2011). Therapeutic uses of withania somnifera (ashwagandha) with a note on
withanolides and its pharmacological actions. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical
Research, 4(1), 1-4.
9.Kumar et al. (2015). Efficacy & safety evaluation of Ayurvedic treatment (Ashwagandha powder & Sidh
Makardhwaj) in rheumatoid arthritis patients: a pilot prospective study. Indian J Med Res, 141(1), 100-106.
10.Sumantran et al. (2007). Chondroprotective potential of root extracts of Withania somnifera in
osteoarthritis. Journal of Bioscience, 32(2), 299–307.
11.Goyal et al. (2011). Novel Anti-Inflammatory Topical Herbal Gels Containing Withania somnifera and
Boswellia serrata. International Journal of Pharmaceutical & Biological Archives, 2(4), 1087-1094.
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23. REFERENCES
12.Anwar, E & Ramadon, D. (2014). Formulation and evaluation of gel and emulgel of chili extract
(capsicum frutescens) as topical dosage forms.International Journal of Pharmacy and
Pharmaceutical Sciences, 6(3), 13-16.
13.Marwaha, T.K. (2013). Formulation,Design and Evaluation of Herbal Anti-psoriatic
Emulgel . Journal of Pharmaceutical & Scientific innovation, 2(3), 30-42.
14.Patil et al. (2014). Novel cosmeceutical herbal emulgel for skin care. World Journal of Pharmacy
and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3(4), 801-811.
15.Mohammed, H.K.P & Nayar, C. (2014). Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Emulgel of Pothos
scandens Linn for Burn Wound Healing Activity. Journal of Pharmaceutical Science &
Research, 6(2), 63-67.
16.Oswal, T. & Naik, S. (2014). Formulation and evaluation of mefenamic acid emulgel.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, 5(12), 91-100.
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24. REFERENCES
17.The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia India. Government of India Ministry of Health And Family
Welfare, Department of Ayush, 1(1).
18.(2006). Carbomer, Ethyl Paraben, Methyl Paraben, Menthol, Propylene Glycol, Thymol. In Rowe,
R.C & Sheskey, P.J (Eds), Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients (pp. 111-115,287-288,459-
461,624-626,780-781). USA: The Pharmaceutical Press.
19.Dasgupta, P & De, A. (2012). Comparative Standardization Study of Two Marketed Ashwagandha
Churna Formulation. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences,
3(2), 734-741.
20.ICH harmonised tripartite guideline (27 october 1994) Validation of analytical procedure. Text and
methodology Q2 (R1) current step 4 version parent guidlines.
21.Indian pharmacopeia, (2010). The Indian Pharmacopeia Commission, 1, 37-48.
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