This document provides information on Withania coagulans and novel herbal drug delivery systems using nanotechnology. It discusses the botany, phytochemistry, and pharmacological properties of W. coagulans. The major constituents are withanolides. Extracts have shown anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, hepatoprotective, and antimicrobial effects. Nanotechnology can be used to develop herbal formulations for sustained drug release, improved bioavailability, and targeted drug delivery. Polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, and nanoemulsions are some nanocarrier systems discussed. Further research on isolation of active compounds, toxicology, and transgenic techniques could help utilize the therapeutic potential of W. coagulans.

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2. PRACTICE SCHOOL(BP706PS)
B. Pharm FinalYear (Sem VII)
DOMAIN 14
NOVEL HERBAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM
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A Review Article On
PHYTOCHEMISTRY, PHARMACOLOGY, AND NANOTECHNOLOGY OF
WITHANIA COAGULANS
Presented By,
Tejal Uttam Khalkar
Student of Final Year B. Farm
(PRN. 1952811823018)
Guided By,
Prof. Vaishali Bhamre

3. Introduction
Drug delivery process
Novel drug delivery system
NDDS involves-
1.various approaches like medical devices or drug-device combination products
2.combining polymer science
3.pharmaceutics
4.molecular biology
NDDS designed based on physical and biochemical mechanisms
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4. Merits of NDDS
Protection from physical and chemical degradation.
Sustained delivery.
Improved tissue macrophages distribution.
Enhancement of stability.
Enhancement of pharmacological activity.
Protection from toxicity.
Increased bioavailability.
Enhancement of solubility
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5. Withania Coagulans
Botanical Name : Withania coagulans
Kingdom : Plantae
Division : Magnoliaphyta
Class : Magnolipsida
Order : Solanales
Family : Solanaceae
Subfamily : Solanoideae
Genus : Witnania
Species : Witnania coagulans
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6. BotanicalDescription
 Rigid, gray-whitish small shrub, about 60-120 cm tall.
 Leaves 2.5-7.5 cm long and 1.5 cm broad, usually lance late oblong,
sometimes ovate, obtuse, narrow at the base and very short stalked.
 Flowers 7-12 mm across, yellowish (dioeciously and polygamous) &
found in auxiliary cymose clusters.
 Berries are about 7-12 mm in diameter, red, smooth and Enclosed in
leathery calyx.
 Fruit berry, globose, 1.5-1 cm long, 0.7-1 cm width, Sepals covers the
fruit and ended into crown like structure.
 Seeds oval to rounded, yellowish brown, 41-59 in number, 0.1-0.3 cm
long, 0.2-0.3 cm wide, dotted.
 Flowering period is from January to April.
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7. Phytochemistry
At present, more than 13 alkaloids, 138 withanolides, and several sitoindosides
The withanolide skeleton may be
defined as a 22-hydroxyergostan-26-oic acid26,22-lactone.
A withanolide containing a glucose molecule at carbon 27 have been isolated
and reported from aerial parts, roots and berries of Withania species.
The major chemical constituents-
Withanolides
Mainly localized in the leaves and roots
Concentration usually ranges from 0.001 to 0.5% dry weight
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8. Phytochemistry continued…
Structures of important withanolides:
 (a) Withaferin A
 (b) Withnolide A.
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9. Pharmacological Properties
Antidiabetic activity
Anticancer and chemoprotective activities
Hepatoprotective activity
Antimicrobial activity
Cardiovascular effects
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11. Pharmacological Propertiescontinued…
Anticancer and chemoprotective activities
 The aqueous extract of W. coagulans was used for anti-cytotoxic effect in chicken
lymphocytes
 Remarkable inhibitory activity of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-induced cytotoxicity
with a decrease in TNF-G production
Hepatoprotective activity
 The extract of W. coagulans roots exhibited hepatoprotective activity against carbon
tetrachloride (CCl4)- induced hepatotoxicity in adult albino rats of either sex due to
the presence of 3-β-hydroxy-2, 3-dihydrowithanolide F.
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12. An Introduction to Nanotechnology
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 Nanotechnology represents a revolutionary path for technological development that
concerns the management of material at the nanometer scale (one billion times smaller
than a meter).
 Nanotechnology factually means any technology on the nanoscale that has numerous
applications in the real world.
 Nanostructures can also provide solutions to technological and environmental challenges
in the areas of medicine.

13. Nanotechnology In Pharmaceutical
Science
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14. Applications Of Nanotechnology
In Drug Delivery
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15. Polymeric nanoparticles
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16. Marketed preparations based on
nanotechnology
Nanosystem Drug Brand Name Marketed by Use
Nanoparticles Paclitaxel Pacliall Panacea Lung cancer
Liposome Cytarabine DepoCyt® SkyePharma
Lymphomatous
meningitis
Liposome Amikacin MiKasome
NeXstar
Pharmceutical
Tuberculosis
DepoFoam Aprepitan Emend Merck Antiemetic
Nanoimplants hydroxyApetite Vitoss Orthovita BoneGraft
Crosslinked
polyallylamine resin
Sevelamer hydrochloride Renagel Genzyme Renal failure
Nanopowders Zinc clinical trial Zincox Sun screen
Nanogel Metronidazole Elyzol Camurus Dental
Lipid nanoemulsion Cyclosporine A Restasis® Allergan Ophthalmic
Liposomal DNA/Lipidic
complex
Plasmid DNA Allovectin -7 VICAL Melanoma
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17. Analytical aspects of Novel Herbal
Formulation
Particle Size – The size of Particle as determined by its smallest projected dimensions
usually expressed in microns.
Zeta Potential- Physical Property which is exhibited by any particle in suspension
macromolecules or material surface.
Transition Temperature- Temperature at which a material changes from one crystal
state to another.
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18. Future Prospective
The use of W. coagulans as multipurpose traditional medicine & Withania ranks a highly
valued plant in the pharmaceutical industries.
The phytochemistry and pharmacology of Withania has been widely investigated, but the
studies on toxicology of the extracts of the plant parts in different solvents are very few.
There are no such reports on W. coagulans. Although it is required to identify the novel
clinical properties of the plant, the identification and isolation of the particular compound
responsible for the specific activity is more important.
Nanotechnology is the future of medicines.
Further advancements in the analytical and separation chemistry will provide valuable
insights on the toxicology and isolation of novel compounds along with the chemotypic
variation of these ethnobotanically important species.
Further, the transgenic protocols for either the plants are well established but the efforts to
enhance the withanolides or alkaloids content in plant parts using this approach are lacking.
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REFFRENCES
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20. Thank you..!
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