Biostatistics is the application of statistics to biological and health data. It involves collecting, organizing, summarizing, analyzing, interpreting and drawing valid conclusions from data to make reasonable decisions. Some key areas where biostatistics is applied include medicine, epidemiology, public health, genetics, pharmacology, and environmental science. It helps define normal ranges, identify disease signs and symptoms, evaluate health programs, and conduct genetic and epidemiological studies.

1. Biostatistics & RM.
collection of numerica statements
Of
facts
)Data.
Statictical data/ data.
eg. guantitative data or numemcal
observations aranged systematically.
Qualitative Da:ta
Quantitative DataS
Tepresent Some
eprcsent humemcal
Value 2.7 o 2120d s rChasactemstics
O
2opopd atibutes
numerically Computeol
depict descanptions
that may be
Obsemred
herufec8
Aygto fund
e e
Cannot be Computed
C Pomamy Data Secondar Data
Pn mary Sousce
gives direct accesss
To the subJect
oloierelboSecond hand
o infosmation/
Commentoy tronm
o ther Teseomcher3.
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2. Sclence of
collecting
Organigia
JuSammayiging
of data
Analyaing i
Ln
torpreting
fedavilohiu
demving valid conclushons
G
making reasonable decisions
lfaootDron the basis of this o
tdio aalysis
oigca faigpb((Biostatistics
otort
Branch of applied
Statistics
Aatgo0 9d longua
EoGrobpraos Applied in
many
aoreas of Biologu or
including
bruonbro5se Epidemiolg
Oonatai Medical sciences ma
Heal th sciences 2r6 aevi
P'ceutical sCience s,jp arl
rurlanes s9yrTO Euv. scien@s.
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3. . Adolphe Quetetet
C@(796197-4)
firot scientist to
inoduce biostatistjcs
Concepts
theoy &Practical methods
Of statistics in biological 2
medical applications
2 Francis Galton C1822.-19|1): )aftT
Solne pomblem of hereoity
on basis of Daswin's.
genetic theomes
analysis of,biological variation
by using Coelation&regoession.
3. Karl Pemon C1860 -19o6) mua.s
Contibuting in the tielo of
bjometocs
mete orblogy
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4. Applications of Biostarhistice
I.TnAnatomy&
Physiology
-To
define what is nomal/healthy
in a. 3bro
Population
To find limits ofroomality in vamiables
Such as weight, pluse rate
ge in a
iteute Ho
Population e
To find out corelatrion besween
two varmables
e. .height 2 weight
weight ToT
Proportionately c height
2
2.Tn phamacology
To find out action ot denug
at
eg.dnugs given to human to
See whether the dhanges
PToduced dueto drugor
by chance.
Compare action of two different
drugs/ successive. dosages of
Same drg.
finding relative potency of neuw drng
with respect to standard drug.
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5. 3.n Medicine
To Compaye efficacy ofparticular drug, operation
07 line oftreatment
eg percentage Cured
relieved/died
T0olin expemment andcontn
gmupsdn rerrot
Compayed. &differcnce
due to chance 0 otherw ise
ofou
found by applying statistics
4-finding of associationbetween
two attnbutes
eg cancer&smoking
identification of signs& sumptoms of olisease
0T Syndrome.
eg cough in typhoid is found by
Chance
pminol T
pL p feNe is found in almoST
oiob
euey Case.
Usefulness of sera l vaccInes 0
percentage of attacks or death
among vaccinated subJects Compased
Cnvaccinafed ones
Rdiff.obseved is stotistical ly
Significant.
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6. 4.Clinical Medlicine:
Documentation of Medical
histoy of diseases
Planning conduct ofclinical studies
Evaluating memtsof different procedures
Prviding methods for detintion 0f
noma C abnoomnal
5. Preventve Medicine:
Provide magnitude of any health
Problem in communit
find out basic factor3 wndeolying
ill-health
To evaluate health pmgams ib
Success talusetUovto out
introducedl in community
intmduce pomote e otiteebi
oetro
ys bHealth legislation
p
G. In Health planning&Evaluation:
Public heath planning, conducting &analysing
data
Camingout valid reliable
health situation analysis
Propes 5ummasigotion &
interpretation of dataor
Proper evaluation_of achievements
failures of health pmogyams
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7. Study qenetic modficatton of plants
animal qene therapy,
tspaptru Medlicine,
drug manufacturing,
repnductive therapy
energy prduction
Teseasrch Comed out & testing
oolaietdesied pestormance
8Ln Community Medicine&Public Health
Epldemiological studies: ole of causative
factoss
Statistatically tested.
Difference between two populations
Real /chance occrante
Comelaion betweeh attmbutes
1n Same populatrian
-measure movbidity &m0Ttality
evaluate achievements ot public health
pomgrams
fix priorities in public health prigrams
promote health legislation & cTeate
administsative Standamd
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8. -helps in compilation of data, drawingco
making recommendati ons. op phue
9 Tn Genetics
Statishical methods in humah genethics
9oeg. Human Genome PmJect,
Linkage andlysis
Seguencing.
10. In Nutntion :
Analysis 0f DNA,RNA Prtein, low molecular
weight metabolite
a.ccesc to bloinfoom atics dataoase
uure lslpojoirabip
II. In deyrta science:
find ditterence between means of two
st groupstoe
eg. Mean plaque scoTes ot two gpups.
assess State of 0Tal health in community
determinatjon of availability
&ufiligation otdlental came
facilities.j0.r
basic factor3 underlying state of oval health
OuiagnosingcomunityLouS
find
solutions to such
T problems. n3r s10morq
ebrit72 gtot20uu0_a ccD

9. Success/ failure of specific oTal
heath came pmgrams
evaluatre progvam action
Pomote OTal health legislation &Creating
administrative standards for oral
12. Envieronmenta scjence
backgund in case of unknown changes
In tuture.
Tarqeted studies describe impact
ot changes being planne.d /accidertal
OCCuodnce
Regular montoing to aftempt to detect
changes in env.
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