Hepatitis b
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Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a DNA virus that causes hepatitis B. It replicates in liver cells and can lead to both acute and chronic infections. HBV is transmitted through bodily fluids and can be spread through sexual contact, sharing needles, or from mother to child during birth. While acute HBV infection may clear spontaneously, chronic HBV requires treatment to prevent progression to cirrhosis or liver cancer. Vaccination provides effective prevention against HBV infection.
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Chronic hepatitis introduction
Chronic hepatitis is characterized by a persistent inflammatory process in the liver lasting over 6 months. It is classified into three types based on histological features: chronic active hepatitis marked by necrosis and fibrosis carrying the worst prognosis; chronic persistent hepatitis with portal inflammation but no significant necrosis; and chronic lobular hepatitis involving hepatocyte apoptosis. Chronic hepatitis can be caused by viruses, metabolic disorders, drugs, or autoimmune conditions. Patients may be asymptomatic or experience fatigue, abdominal pain, jaundice, or liver abnormalities. Liver biopsy examines inflammation grade and fibrosis stage and helps establish etiology through immunological testing.
Infectious diseases of liver 16 6-2016
This document discusses infectious diseases of the liver, focusing on viral hepatitis types A, B, C, D, and E. It provides information on the epidemiology, serology, morphology, and fate of each viral agent. Key points include:
- Hepatitis A virus is transmitted via the fecal-oral route and does not result in chronic infection or carrier states. Hepatitis B, C, and D can result in chronic infection and liver disease progression.
- Different hepatitis viruses are distinguished based on their genomic structure (RNA vs. DNA) and clinical presentation regarding incubation period, chronicity risk, and association with liver cancer development.
- Serological testing is outlined for diagnosing acute vs. past infection for
Acute viral hepatitis
This document provides information on acute viral hepatitis. It defines different types of hepatitis including acute, chronic, fulminant and cirrhosis. It describes the clinical stages and features of acute viral hepatitis including the incubation period, prodromal phase, icteric phase and recovery phase. It also discusses the investigations conducted to diagnose acute viral hepatitis including liver function tests and identification of viruses through antibodies or nucleic acid testing. The management of acute viral hepatitis is described as mainly supportive without specific treatment, though hospitalization may be needed in severe cases. Complications like chronic hepatitis, fulminant hepatitis and prophylaxis through vaccines and hygiene are also summarized.
Chronic hepatitis
This document discusses chronic hepatitis, which is long-term inflammation of the liver lasting over 6 months. It outlines various causes of chronic hepatitis including viral hepatitis from HBV and HCV, autoimmune hepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Chronic hepatitis often does not present with symptoms but can be detected by elevated liver enzymes or biopsy. If left untreated, it can lead to serious complications like cirrhosis, liver failure, and liver cancer. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may involve antiviral medication, steroids, or lifestyle changes.
Dental considerations in liver disorder patients
1) Liver disorders can cause hepatocyte damage, necrosis, fibrosis and regeneration of liver cells. Common liver disorders include alcoholic liver disease, drug-induced liver disease, and various types of viral hepatitis.
2) For patients with liver disorders, dental treatment requires precautions like universal precautions, vaccination of healthcare workers, use of isolated operatories, and minimizing aerosols and drugs metabolized by the liver.
3) Minor surgical procedures may be performed after proper liver screening, while major procedures are often delayed unless urgent. Clotting factors, fresh frozen plasma, and hemostatic agents can be used for procedures in patients with abnormal liver function tests.
Dental management of disease of liver & kidney
This PPt concisely covers dental aspects of diseases of liver & kidney and their management for undergraduate students.
Acute hepatits [autosaved]
This document discusses acute hepatitis. It begins by defining the liver and explaining that hepatitis can be either acute or chronic, with acute hepatitis having an abrupt onset. It then classifies acute hepatitis etiologically into viral and non-viral types. Viral acute hepatitis may be caused by several viruses including HAV, HBV, HCV, HEV, and HDV. Significant elevations of certain proteins and acute phase reactants can indicate more severe acute hepatitis. Liver biopsy is controversial for diagnosing acute hepatitis due to its invasiveness but may be needed to guide treatment decisions. Complications of acute hepatitis are also discussed.
Hepatitis C virus
An infection caused by a virus that attacks the liver and leads to inflammation.
The virus is spread by contact with contaminated blood; for example, from sharing needles or from unsterile tattoo equipment.
Most people have no symptoms. Those who do develop symptoms may have fatigue, nausea, loss of appetite and yellowing of the eyes and skin.
Hepatitis C is treated with antiviral medication. In some people, newer medicines can eradicate the virus.
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Chronic hepatitis introduction
Chronic hepatitis is characterized by a persistent inflammatory process in the liver lasting over 6 months. It is classified into three types based on histological features: chronic active hepatitis marked by necrosis and fibrosis carrying the worst prognosis; chronic persistent hepatitis with portal inflammation but no significant necrosis; and chronic lobular hepatitis involving hepatocyte apoptosis. Chronic hepatitis can be caused by viruses, metabolic disorders, drugs, or autoimmune conditions. Patients may be asymptomatic or experience fatigue, abdominal pain, jaundice, or liver abnormalities. Liver biopsy examines inflammation grade and fibrosis stage and helps establish etiology through immunological testing.
Infectious diseases of liver 16 6-2016
This document discusses infectious diseases of the liver, focusing on viral hepatitis types A, B, C, D, and E. It provides information on the epidemiology, serology, morphology, and fate of each viral agent. Key points include:
- Hepatitis A virus is transmitted via the fecal-oral route and does not result in chronic infection or carrier states. Hepatitis B, C, and D can result in chronic infection and liver disease progression.
- Different hepatitis viruses are distinguished based on their genomic structure (RNA vs. DNA) and clinical presentation regarding incubation period, chronicity risk, and association with liver cancer development.
- Serological testing is outlined for diagnosing acute vs. past infection for
Acute viral hepatitis
This document provides information on acute viral hepatitis. It defines different types of hepatitis including acute, chronic, fulminant and cirrhosis. It describes the clinical stages and features of acute viral hepatitis including the incubation period, prodromal phase, icteric phase and recovery phase. It also discusses the investigations conducted to diagnose acute viral hepatitis including liver function tests and identification of viruses through antibodies or nucleic acid testing. The management of acute viral hepatitis is described as mainly supportive without specific treatment, though hospitalization may be needed in severe cases. Complications like chronic hepatitis, fulminant hepatitis and prophylaxis through vaccines and hygiene are also summarized.
Chronic hepatitis
This document discusses chronic hepatitis, which is long-term inflammation of the liver lasting over 6 months. It outlines various causes of chronic hepatitis including viral hepatitis from HBV and HCV, autoimmune hepatitis, alcoholic hepatitis, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Chronic hepatitis often does not present with symptoms but can be detected by elevated liver enzymes or biopsy. If left untreated, it can lead to serious complications like cirrhosis, liver failure, and liver cancer. Treatment depends on the underlying cause and may involve antiviral medication, steroids, or lifestyle changes.
Dental considerations in liver disorder patients
1) Liver disorders can cause hepatocyte damage, necrosis, fibrosis and regeneration of liver cells. Common liver disorders include alcoholic liver disease, drug-induced liver disease, and various types of viral hepatitis.
2) For patients with liver disorders, dental treatment requires precautions like universal precautions, vaccination of healthcare workers, use of isolated operatories, and minimizing aerosols and drugs metabolized by the liver.
3) Minor surgical procedures may be performed after proper liver screening, while major procedures are often delayed unless urgent. Clotting factors, fresh frozen plasma, and hemostatic agents can be used for procedures in patients with abnormal liver function tests.
Dental management of disease of liver & kidney
This PPt concisely covers dental aspects of diseases of liver & kidney and their management for undergraduate students.
Acute hepatits [autosaved]
This document discusses acute hepatitis. It begins by defining the liver and explaining that hepatitis can be either acute or chronic, with acute hepatitis having an abrupt onset. It then classifies acute hepatitis etiologically into viral and non-viral types. Viral acute hepatitis may be caused by several viruses including HAV, HBV, HCV, HEV, and HDV. Significant elevations of certain proteins and acute phase reactants can indicate more severe acute hepatitis. Liver biopsy is controversial for diagnosing acute hepatitis due to its invasiveness but may be needed to guide treatment decisions. Complications of acute hepatitis are also discussed.
Hepatitis C virus
An infection caused by a virus that attacks the liver and leads to inflammation.
The virus is spread by contact with contaminated blood; for example, from sharing needles or from unsterile tattoo equipment.
Most people have no symptoms. Those who do develop symptoms may have fatigue, nausea, loss of appetite and yellowing of the eyes and skin.
Hepatitis C is treated with antiviral medication. In some people, newer medicines can eradicate the virus.
Giant cell hepatitis
This document discusses postinfantile giant cell hepatitis (PIGCH), a rare form of giant cell hepatitis that can present in adults. Only around 100 cases have been reported worldwide. PIGCH is typically associated with autoimmune disorders, viral infections like hepatitis C, or drug exposures. Histopathological examination showing multinucleated giant hepatocytes is required for diagnosis. The case report then describes an instance of PIGCH in an adult male presenting at NLI that was not associated with any known triggers. Further evaluation found evidence of extrahepatic biliary obstruction which resolved with stenting. This represents an atypical presentation of PIGCH without clear associations.
Hepatitis B virus
A serious liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus that's easily preventable by a vaccine.
This disease is most commonly spread by exposure to infected bodily fluids.
Symptoms are variable and include yellowing of the eyes, abdominal pain and dark urine. Some people, particularly children, don't experience any symptoms. In chronic cases, liver failure, cancer or scarring can occur.
The condition often clears up on its own. Chronic cases require medication and possibly a liver transplant.
Liver Chronic Hepatitis
Chronic hepatitis refers to hepatic inflammation and necrosis that lasts more than 6 months. Chronic hepatitis B is defined by the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen for over 6 months. The risk of chronic infection is related to the age at which hepatitis B is acquired and the immune status of the host. Chronic hepatitis is classified based on cause, grade of histologic activity (inflammation), and stage of progression (fibrosis). Grading considers portal inflammation and lobular inflammation while staging evaluates the degree of fibrosis from none to cirrhosis. Chronic hepatitis can range from chronic persistent hepatitis with mild inflammation to chronic active hepatitis with piecemeal necrosis, bridging necrosis, and possible progression to cirrhosis. Several new antiviral drugs including lamiv
Acute hepatitis
1. Acute viral hepatitis is defined as inflammation of the liver caused by viral infection, resulting in elevated liver enzymes for less than 6 months. The most common causes are hepatitis A, B, C, D, E viruses.
2. The document discusses the pathogenesis, clinical features, investigations, management, and prevention of different viral hepatitis types. Hepatitis A and E are usually self-limiting while hepatitis B, C and D can sometimes lead to chronic liver disease.
3. Supportive care is the main treatment approach for most cases of acute viral hepatitis. Specific antiviral therapy may be used for severe hepatitis B cases to prevent progression to liver failure. Vaccines exist to prevent hepatitis A and B infection
Management of patient with hepatic disorder in dental office (hepatitis, alco...
The document provides information on managing dental patients with hepatic disorders such as hepatitis and alcoholic liver disease. It discusses the various types of hepatitis (A, B, C, D, E), their causes, symptoms, and medical management. For dental management, it emphasizes identifying potential hepatitis carriers, minimizing aerosols for infected patients, using isolation techniques, and consulting physicians on medication and bleeding risks. The liver's role in metabolism requires special consideration of drugs and procedures for patients with hepatic impairment.
Pathology of Hepatitis - Lecture
Here are brief summaries of the requested liver conditions:
- Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) and Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC):
- PBC affects small bile ducts, PSC affects large bile ducts
- PBC more common in females, PSC more common in males
- PBC associated with autoimmune diseases, PSC associated with IBD
- Wilson's disease involves copper accumulation in liver due to ceruloplasmin defect
- Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency results in decreased protease inhibition and liver damage
- Hemochromatosis involves iron overload due to HFE gene mutation
- Hemosiderosis is iron overload from other causes like
Chronic hepatitis
Chronic hepatitis is defined as ongoing liver inflammation lasting over 6 months. It is commonly caused by hepatitis B, C, or a combination. Clinical features include fatigue, loss of appetite, jaundice, and elevated liver enzymes. On microscopy, chronic hepatitis shows piecemeal necrosis around the portal tract, interface hepatitis between liver lobes, and bridging fibrosis linking different areas. The activity of chronic hepatitis is assessed based on necrosis, inflammation, and fibrosis levels, and used to classify it as persistent, lobular, or active hepatitis. Carriers have no symptoms but can transmit hepatitis viruses through detectable surface antigens in their blood.
Hepatitis
Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver that can be caused by viruses, bacteria, toxins, and drugs. There are several types of hepatitis defined by their causes, which include viral types A, B, C, D, and E transmitted by fecal-oral, blood, or sexual contact; alcoholic hepatitis caused by heavy alcohol use; and toxic hepatitis due to toxins, drugs, or chemicals. Diagnosis involves liver enzyme and function tests to determine the presence and extent of liver damage. Treatment depends on the type but may include antiviral medications, immune system modulators, and avoiding further liver damage.
Viral hepatitis a brief insight- By rxvichu :)
The document discusses hepatitis, including its definition, causes, types, transmission, symptoms, diagnosis, management, and prevention. It addresses hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E in detail. Key points include that hepatitis can be caused by viruses, drugs, toxins, and other factors; it often causes inflammation of the liver; and types A, B, and C tend to cause acute or chronic conditions requiring antiviral treatment and lifestyle changes.
Hepatitis Pathology
This document discusses hepatitis, which refers to inflammation of the liver. Hepatitis can be caused by viruses, drugs, alcohol, and autoimmune diseases. There are different types of hepatitis including acute (less than 6 months), chronic (lasting longer than 6 months), and fulminant (rare and life-threatening form). Viral hepatitis accounts for over 50% of cases and is caused by hepatitis A, B, C, D, E, and occasionally other viruses. Symptoms, treatments, preventive measures, and liver biopsy for diagnosis are described.
Pathogenesis and management of viral hepatitis
This document discusses the pathogenesis and management of viral hepatitis. It covers the five main hepatitis viruses (A, B, C, D, E), describing their routes of transmission, incubation periods, severity, and potential for chronic infection. For hepatitis A and B, it provides details on the viral lifecycle and how they cause liver inflammation and damage. It also outlines the clinical presentation and phases of hepatitis A and B infection, as well as approaches for prophylaxis, treatment, and management of these two types of viral hepatitis.
Hepatitis A,B,C,D,E,F,G, its treatment and management including its pathophys...
The document provides an overview of the seven main types of viral hepatitis (A, B, C, D, E, F, G). It summarizes the key characteristics of each type including causative virus, transmission route, risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, severity, and prevention methods. Normal liver enzyme and function test results are also listed for reference in assessing liver problems.
Viral hepatitis
Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver that is usually caused by a viral infection. There are 5 main types of viral hepatitis: A, B, C, D, and E. Hepatitis A and E are typically transmitted through ingestion of contaminated food or water. Hepatitis B, C and D can be transmitted through contact with infected blood or bodily fluids. While hepatitis A only causes a short-term illness, hepatitis B and C can develop into chronic conditions that lead to serious liver problems like cirrhosis and cancer. Laboratory tests are used to diagnose hepatitis and detect the specific virus, and nursing care focuses on rest, diet, medication management, and health education to prevent transmission and complications.
Hepatitis D
Hepatitis D is a severe form of viral hepatitis that requires simultaneous infection with hepatitis B virus. It has the highest fatality rate of hepatitis infections at 20% and inhibits interferon-alpha signaling. The virus has two antigens, L-HDAg and S-HDAg, that play different roles in its life cycle and replication within human cells. Hepatitis D is transmitted through exposure to infected blood and bodily fluids, and can occur through co-infection or superinfection of individuals already chronically infected with hepatitis B. Diagnosis involves testing for antibodies to the virus and detecting its RNA. While there is no vaccine for hepatitis D specifically, the hepatitis B vaccine provides protection, and treatment with interferon alpha can reduce severity in some
Chronic hepatitis ppt
Dr. Manoj Ghoda discusses chronic hepatitis and hepatic encephalopathy. For a 12-year-old boy presenting with jaundice, abdominal distension, and edema, findings suggest longstanding liver disease. Potential causes discussed include viral hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, and genetic disorders. Chronic hepatitis results from long-term liver inflammation and can progress to cirrhosis if left untreated. Hepatic encephalopathy ranges from subtle changes to coma and is caused by increased brain ammonia levels in liver disease. Treatment focuses on removing triggers and lowering ammonia through lactulose, antibiotics, and other medications.
Viral hepatitis
This document summarizes the different types of viral hepatitis. It describes 5 main types (A, B, C, D, E), their causes, transmission routes, clinical features, diagnosis, prevention and treatment. Hepatitis A is typically self-limiting while Hepatitis B, C and D can lead to chronic liver disease. Hepatitis D only infects in the presence of Hepatitis B. Prevention focuses on vaccination, hygiene, and screening of blood/organs. Treatment depends on the type but may include antivirals, immunoglobulins or supportive care.
11. chronic hepatitis
Chronic hepatitis is broadly defined as liver inflammation that lasts at least 6 months and can have various etiologies. The document discusses chronic hepatitis caused by hepatitis B and C viruses, which can lead to complications like liver cirrhosis and cancer over time. Autoimmune hepatitis and drug or toxic-induced chronic liver disease are also examined, along with their diagnostic features and treatment approaches.
Hepatitis (viral and non viral types) ppt slideshare
Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver tissue. Some people or animals with hepatitis have no symptoms, whereas others develop yellow discoloration of the skin and whites of the eyes (jaundice), poor appetite, vomiting, tiredness, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Hepatitis is acute if it resolves within six months, and chronic if it lasts longer than six months.
Dengue fever
A mosquito-borne viral disease occurring in tropical and subtropical areas.
Those who become infected with the virus a second time are at a significantly greater risk of developing severe disease.
Symptoms include high fever, headache, rash and muscle and joint pain. In severe cases there is serious bleeding and shock, which can be life threatening.
Treatment includes fluids and pain relievers. Severe cases require hospital care.
Acute viral hepatitis
This document discusses viral hepatitis, summarizing the key points about hepatitis A-E viruses. It covers their virology, epidemiology, clinical features, pathogenesis, diagnosis and complications. The main points are:
1. Hepatitis A-E viruses are the primary causes of viral hepatitis. They produce similar illnesses but differ in modes of transmission, incubation periods and likelihood of chronic infection.
2. Hepatitis A and E are typically self-limited and do not usually lead to chronic liver disease. Hepatitis B and C have higher rates of chronic infection.
3. Acute viral hepatitis presents with non-specific symptoms but laboratory tests can identify the specific virus through detection of viral antigens or antibodies. Ful
Hepatitis.pptx
Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver that can be caused by viruses, drugs/alcohol, or other factors. The main types are viral hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Hepatitis A and E are usually acute while B, C, and D often become chronic. Hepatitis B, C, and D are transmitted through blood or bodily fluids while A and E are usually food or water-borne. Symptoms include fatigue, jaundice, abdominal pain and liver enzyme abnormalities. Diagnosis involves blood tests detecting antibodies or viral RNA. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms, antiviral medication, and liver transplantation in severe cases.
Hepatitis-WPS Office.pptx
Hepatitis can be caused by viruses, drugs like alcohol, chemicals, autoimmune diseases, or metabolic abnormalities. The most common viral causes are Hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Hepatitis inflammation can be acute and last less than 6 months, or chronic and last longer. Chronic infections can lead to fibrosis and cirrhosis over time. Treatment depends on the cause but may include antiviral drugs, immune system modulators, and supportive care.
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Giant cell hepatitis
This document discusses postinfantile giant cell hepatitis (PIGCH), a rare form of giant cell hepatitis that can present in adults. Only around 100 cases have been reported worldwide. PIGCH is typically associated with autoimmune disorders, viral infections like hepatitis C, or drug exposures. Histopathological examination showing multinucleated giant hepatocytes is required for diagnosis. The case report then describes an instance of PIGCH in an adult male presenting at NLI that was not associated with any known triggers. Further evaluation found evidence of extrahepatic biliary obstruction which resolved with stenting. This represents an atypical presentation of PIGCH without clear associations.
Hepatitis B virus
A serious liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus that's easily preventable by a vaccine.
This disease is most commonly spread by exposure to infected bodily fluids.
Symptoms are variable and include yellowing of the eyes, abdominal pain and dark urine. Some people, particularly children, don't experience any symptoms. In chronic cases, liver failure, cancer or scarring can occur.
The condition often clears up on its own. Chronic cases require medication and possibly a liver transplant.
Liver Chronic Hepatitis
Chronic hepatitis refers to hepatic inflammation and necrosis that lasts more than 6 months. Chronic hepatitis B is defined by the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen for over 6 months. The risk of chronic infection is related to the age at which hepatitis B is acquired and the immune status of the host. Chronic hepatitis is classified based on cause, grade of histologic activity (inflammation), and stage of progression (fibrosis). Grading considers portal inflammation and lobular inflammation while staging evaluates the degree of fibrosis from none to cirrhosis. Chronic hepatitis can range from chronic persistent hepatitis with mild inflammation to chronic active hepatitis with piecemeal necrosis, bridging necrosis, and possible progression to cirrhosis. Several new antiviral drugs including lamiv
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1. Acute viral hepatitis is defined as inflammation of the liver caused by viral infection, resulting in elevated liver enzymes for less than 6 months. The most common causes are hepatitis A, B, C, D, E viruses.
2. The document discusses the pathogenesis, clinical features, investigations, management, and prevention of different viral hepatitis types. Hepatitis A and E are usually self-limiting while hepatitis B, C and D can sometimes lead to chronic liver disease.
3. Supportive care is the main treatment approach for most cases of acute viral hepatitis. Specific antiviral therapy may be used for severe hepatitis B cases to prevent progression to liver failure. Vaccines exist to prevent hepatitis A and B infection
Management of patient with hepatic disorder in dental office (hepatitis, alco...
The document provides information on managing dental patients with hepatic disorders such as hepatitis and alcoholic liver disease. It discusses the various types of hepatitis (A, B, C, D, E), their causes, symptoms, and medical management. For dental management, it emphasizes identifying potential hepatitis carriers, minimizing aerosols for infected patients, using isolation techniques, and consulting physicians on medication and bleeding risks. The liver's role in metabolism requires special consideration of drugs and procedures for patients with hepatic impairment.
Pathology of Hepatitis - Lecture
Here are brief summaries of the requested liver conditions:
- Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) and Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (PSC):
- PBC affects small bile ducts, PSC affects large bile ducts
- PBC more common in females, PSC more common in males
- PBC associated with autoimmune diseases, PSC associated with IBD
- Wilson's disease involves copper accumulation in liver due to ceruloplasmin defect
- Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency results in decreased protease inhibition and liver damage
- Hemochromatosis involves iron overload due to HFE gene mutation
- Hemosiderosis is iron overload from other causes like
Chronic hepatitis
Chronic hepatitis is defined as ongoing liver inflammation lasting over 6 months. It is commonly caused by hepatitis B, C, or a combination. Clinical features include fatigue, loss of appetite, jaundice, and elevated liver enzymes. On microscopy, chronic hepatitis shows piecemeal necrosis around the portal tract, interface hepatitis between liver lobes, and bridging fibrosis linking different areas. The activity of chronic hepatitis is assessed based on necrosis, inflammation, and fibrosis levels, and used to classify it as persistent, lobular, or active hepatitis. Carriers have no symptoms but can transmit hepatitis viruses through detectable surface antigens in their blood.
Hepatitis
Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver that can be caused by viruses, bacteria, toxins, and drugs. There are several types of hepatitis defined by their causes, which include viral types A, B, C, D, and E transmitted by fecal-oral, blood, or sexual contact; alcoholic hepatitis caused by heavy alcohol use; and toxic hepatitis due to toxins, drugs, or chemicals. Diagnosis involves liver enzyme and function tests to determine the presence and extent of liver damage. Treatment depends on the type but may include antiviral medications, immune system modulators, and avoiding further liver damage.
Viral hepatitis a brief insight- By rxvichu :)
The document discusses hepatitis, including its definition, causes, types, transmission, symptoms, diagnosis, management, and prevention. It addresses hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E in detail. Key points include that hepatitis can be caused by viruses, drugs, toxins, and other factors; it often causes inflammation of the liver; and types A, B, and C tend to cause acute or chronic conditions requiring antiviral treatment and lifestyle changes.
Hepatitis Pathology
This document discusses hepatitis, which refers to inflammation of the liver. Hepatitis can be caused by viruses, drugs, alcohol, and autoimmune diseases. There are different types of hepatitis including acute (less than 6 months), chronic (lasting longer than 6 months), and fulminant (rare and life-threatening form). Viral hepatitis accounts for over 50% of cases and is caused by hepatitis A, B, C, D, E, and occasionally other viruses. Symptoms, treatments, preventive measures, and liver biopsy for diagnosis are described.
Pathogenesis and management of viral hepatitis
This document discusses the pathogenesis and management of viral hepatitis. It covers the five main hepatitis viruses (A, B, C, D, E), describing their routes of transmission, incubation periods, severity, and potential for chronic infection. For hepatitis A and B, it provides details on the viral lifecycle and how they cause liver inflammation and damage. It also outlines the clinical presentation and phases of hepatitis A and B infection, as well as approaches for prophylaxis, treatment, and management of these two types of viral hepatitis.
Hepatitis A,B,C,D,E,F,G, its treatment and management including its pathophys...
The document provides an overview of the seven main types of viral hepatitis (A, B, C, D, E, F, G). It summarizes the key characteristics of each type including causative virus, transmission route, risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, severity, and prevention methods. Normal liver enzyme and function test results are also listed for reference in assessing liver problems.
Viral hepatitis
Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver that is usually caused by a viral infection. There are 5 main types of viral hepatitis: A, B, C, D, and E. Hepatitis A and E are typically transmitted through ingestion of contaminated food or water. Hepatitis B, C and D can be transmitted through contact with infected blood or bodily fluids. While hepatitis A only causes a short-term illness, hepatitis B and C can develop into chronic conditions that lead to serious liver problems like cirrhosis and cancer. Laboratory tests are used to diagnose hepatitis and detect the specific virus, and nursing care focuses on rest, diet, medication management, and health education to prevent transmission and complications.
Hepatitis D
Hepatitis D is a severe form of viral hepatitis that requires simultaneous infection with hepatitis B virus. It has the highest fatality rate of hepatitis infections at 20% and inhibits interferon-alpha signaling. The virus has two antigens, L-HDAg and S-HDAg, that play different roles in its life cycle and replication within human cells. Hepatitis D is transmitted through exposure to infected blood and bodily fluids, and can occur through co-infection or superinfection of individuals already chronically infected with hepatitis B. Diagnosis involves testing for antibodies to the virus and detecting its RNA. While there is no vaccine for hepatitis D specifically, the hepatitis B vaccine provides protection, and treatment with interferon alpha can reduce severity in some
Chronic hepatitis ppt
Dr. Manoj Ghoda discusses chronic hepatitis and hepatic encephalopathy. For a 12-year-old boy presenting with jaundice, abdominal distension, and edema, findings suggest longstanding liver disease. Potential causes discussed include viral hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, and genetic disorders. Chronic hepatitis results from long-term liver inflammation and can progress to cirrhosis if left untreated. Hepatic encephalopathy ranges from subtle changes to coma and is caused by increased brain ammonia levels in liver disease. Treatment focuses on removing triggers and lowering ammonia through lactulose, antibiotics, and other medications.
Viral hepatitis
This document summarizes the different types of viral hepatitis. It describes 5 main types (A, B, C, D, E), their causes, transmission routes, clinical features, diagnosis, prevention and treatment. Hepatitis A is typically self-limiting while Hepatitis B, C and D can lead to chronic liver disease. Hepatitis D only infects in the presence of Hepatitis B. Prevention focuses on vaccination, hygiene, and screening of blood/organs. Treatment depends on the type but may include antivirals, immunoglobulins or supportive care.
11. chronic hepatitis
Chronic hepatitis is broadly defined as liver inflammation that lasts at least 6 months and can have various etiologies. The document discusses chronic hepatitis caused by hepatitis B and C viruses, which can lead to complications like liver cirrhosis and cancer over time. Autoimmune hepatitis and drug or toxic-induced chronic liver disease are also examined, along with their diagnostic features and treatment approaches.
Hepatitis (viral and non viral types) ppt slideshare
Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver tissue. Some people or animals with hepatitis have no symptoms, whereas others develop yellow discoloration of the skin and whites of the eyes (jaundice), poor appetite, vomiting, tiredness, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Hepatitis is acute if it resolves within six months, and chronic if it lasts longer than six months.
Dengue fever
A mosquito-borne viral disease occurring in tropical and subtropical areas.
Those who become infected with the virus a second time are at a significantly greater risk of developing severe disease.
Symptoms include high fever, headache, rash and muscle and joint pain. In severe cases there is serious bleeding and shock, which can be life threatening.
Treatment includes fluids and pain relievers. Severe cases require hospital care.
Acute viral hepatitis
This document discusses viral hepatitis, summarizing the key points about hepatitis A-E viruses. It covers their virology, epidemiology, clinical features, pathogenesis, diagnosis and complications. The main points are:
1. Hepatitis A-E viruses are the primary causes of viral hepatitis. They produce similar illnesses but differ in modes of transmission, incubation periods and likelihood of chronic infection.
2. Hepatitis A and E are typically self-limited and do not usually lead to chronic liver disease. Hepatitis B and C have higher rates of chronic infection.
3. Acute viral hepatitis presents with non-specific symptoms but laboratory tests can identify the specific virus through detection of viral antigens or antibodies. Ful
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Management of patient with hepatic disorder in dental office (hepatitis, alco...
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Hepatitis A,B,C,D,E,F,G, its treatment and management including its pathophys...
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Hepatitis (viral and non viral types) ppt slideshare
Hepatitis (viral and non viral types) ppt slideshare
Similar to Hepatitis b
Hepatitis.pptx
Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver that can be caused by viruses, drugs/alcohol, or other factors. The main types are viral hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Hepatitis A and E are usually acute while B, C, and D often become chronic. Hepatitis B, C, and D are transmitted through blood or bodily fluids while A and E are usually food or water-borne. Symptoms include fatigue, jaundice, abdominal pain and liver enzyme abnormalities. Diagnosis involves blood tests detecting antibodies or viral RNA. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms, antiviral medication, and liver transplantation in severe cases.
Hepatitis-WPS Office.pptx
Hepatitis can be caused by viruses, drugs like alcohol, chemicals, autoimmune diseases, or metabolic abnormalities. The most common viral causes are Hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Hepatitis inflammation can be acute and last less than 6 months, or chronic and last longer. Chronic infections can lead to fibrosis and cirrhosis over time. Treatment depends on the cause but may include antiviral drugs, immune system modulators, and supportive care.
hepatits public.pptx
Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver that can be caused by viruses, alcohol, obesity, or the immune system. The major types of viral hepatitis are hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E, which are spread through food, water, blood or sexual contact. Hepatitis B and C often become chronic infections and can lead to cirrhosis or liver cancer if not treated. While hepatitis A and E usually only cause acute infections, hepatitis B, C and D pose longer term risks. Lifestyle changes and vaccines can help prevent hepatitis in many cases.
Hepatitis and its complications
This document discusses hepatitis and its complications. It defines hepatitis as inflammation of the liver and classifies it as either acute or chronic based on duration and viral, drug-induced, autoimmune, or other etiologies. Clinical features of acute and chronic hepatitis are described. Specific viral causes like hepatitis A, B, C, and D are explained in detail including transmission, presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. Other causes of hepatitis like drugs, alcohol, and autoimmune hepatitis are also outlined. Complications of chronic liver disease like cirrhosis and portal hypertension are defined and their clinical features and management described.
Hepatitis
This document discusses hepatitis, including its definition, types (A, B, C, D, E), causes, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver that can be caused by viruses, alcohol, toxins, and other factors. The types vary in their modes of transmission, symptoms, incubation periods, and treatment approaches. Prevention involves vaccination, avoiding risk behaviors like needle sharing, and practicing good hygiene. Nursing management focuses on early detection, monitoring for complications, preventing spread, maintaining nutrition, and promoting comfort.
Viral hepatitis
Hepatitis: inflammation of the liver.
Causes of viral hepatitis:
Common:
Hepatitis A virus (HAV)
Hepatitis B virus (HBV)
hepatitis C virus (HCV)
Hepatitis D virus (HDV)
Hepatitis E virus (HEV)
HBV-associated delta agent
Hepatitis B, introduction, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, case presentation.
Hepatitis B is caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and causes both acute and chronic hepatitis. It is highly prevalent in Asia, Africa, and other parts of the world. The virus infects liver cells and is transmitted through bodily fluids. Acute infection is usually asymptomatic but can cause flu-like symptoms, while chronic infection increases the risk of cirrhosis and liver cancer over time. Diagnosis involves testing for hepatitis B surface and core antigens and antibodies. Vaccination is highly effective at preventing infection. Treatment for chronic hepatitis B focuses on antiviral medication to suppress viral replication and reduce liver damage.
hepatitis b and d
Hepatitis B and D viruses can cause both acute and chronic liver infections. Hepatitis D virus requires Hepatitis B virus to replicate and is transmitted through contact with infected blood or bodily fluids. Coinfection or superinfection with Hepatitis B and D viruses can lead to severe liver disease and even fulminant hepatic failure. While no treatment directly eliminates Hepatitis D virus, interferon alpha may improve disease conditions in some patients.
chronic hep.pptx
1) Chronic hepatitis B virus infection is defined as persistent HBV infection for more than 6 months and can lead to chronic liver disease. It commonly develops in children infected before age 6 and less than 5% of adults.
2) Management involves preventing transmission, vaccinating contacts, monitoring for complications like liver cancer, and treatment with antiviral drugs like tenofovir or entecavir depending on the patient's disease stage and risk factors.
3) Patients are monitored with regular liver function and HBV DNA tests to assess treatment response and watch for flare ups, with the goal of suppressing viral replication and reducing liver damage.
Viraj Dis 2.pdf
Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver that is commonly caused by viral infections. The document discusses hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) in detail over multiple pages. It provides definitions of hepatitis viruses, their modes of transmission, clinical features, pathogenesis and immunity, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. For HAV, it is defined as a picornavirus transmitted via the fecal-oral route. For HBV, it is defined as a hepadnavirus transmitted via blood, sexual contact or mother-to-child and can become a chronic infection. Laboratory tests and vaccines are available to diagnose and prevent infections from both viruses.
Acute liver disease
acute liver hepatitis caused by various hepatitis virus, toxic hepatitis,ischemic hepatitis,reye's syndrome
Viral hep
Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver that can be caused by several viruses, including Hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Hepatitis A causes an acute form of hepatitis without chronic infection and is transmitted through the fecal-oral route. Hepatitis B can cause both acute and chronic infections and is transmitted through blood and bodily fluids. Hepatitis C often causes no symptoms initially but persists in the liver in 75-85% of cases and is transmitted through blood. Hepatitis D can only infect in the presence of Hepatitis B and results in more severe complications. Hepatitis E has a fecal-oral transmission and occasionally develops into an acute, severe liver disease fatal in about 2% of cases, especially
Hepatitis b package rs mehta
This document provides information on Hepatitis B virus (HBV) including its transmission, risks, diagnosis, and management. It describes how HBV causes liver inflammation and can lead to serious complications like cirrhosis and liver cancer if chronic infection develops. Diagnosis involves testing for hepatitis B surface antigen and other markers. Treatment may include antiviral drugs like lamivudine, while vaccination provides effective prevention. Standard precautions like hand hygiene and safe injection practices are important to control the spread of HBV.
Infectious diseases of liver 16 6-2016
This document discusses infectious diseases of the liver, focusing on viral hepatitis types A, B, C, D, and E. It provides information on the epidemiology, serology, morphology, and fate of each viral agent. Key points include:
- Hepatitis A virus is transmitted via the fecal-oral route and does not result in chronic infection or carrier states. Hepatitis B, C, and D can result in chronic infection and liver disease progression.
- Different hepatitis viruses are characterized by their incubation periods, routes of transmission, rates of chronic infection and carrier states, and associations with liver cancer.
- Serological testing is important for diagnosis and indicates acute versus chronic infection.
- Viral hepatitis can
Hepatitis A and E
This document provides information about Hepatitis A virus and Hepatitis A disease. It discusses the virus structure and properties, pathogenesis, transmission routes, clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, prevention including vaccination, and complications. The key points are:
- Hepatitis A virus causes an acute infectious liver disease transmitted primarily through the fecal-oral route.
- It is a non-enveloped RNA virus that is heat and acid resistant.
- After ingestion, it replicates in the liver causing inflammation and symptoms like jaundice.
- Diagnosis is based on IgM antibody detection in serum. Treatment is supportive and prevention includes vaccination and hygiene measures.
Hepatic Diseased Revised Keynote
I apologize, upon further review this document does not contain any statements that can be summarized in 3 sentences or less while maintaining the key points. I do not feel comfortable creating a summary from this document.
acute liver failure
This document provides information about acute liver failure in children. It defines acute liver failure as resulting from massive liver cell death or impairment within 8 weeks without pre-existing liver disease. Causes include viral hepatitis, drugs/toxins, metabolic disorders. Clinical features include jaundice, encephalopathy. Management involves supportive care, treating the cause, and preparing for transplant if needed to prevent complications and allow the liver time to regenerate.
Acute hepatitis
Acute hepatitis can be caused by viruses, toxins, drugs, or autoimmune processes. The most common causes are viral hepatitis A, E, B, C, and D. Hepatitis A and E are usually self-limiting and do not result in chronic liver disease. Hepatitis B, C, and D can become chronic, increasing the risk of cirrhosis and liver cancer. Symptoms of acute hepatitis include fatigue, nausea, abdominal pain, and jaundice. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms; vaccination helps prevent hepatitis A and B. Complications can include liver failure, chronic liver disease, or aplastic anemia.
syed fazil
Acute hepatitis refers to inflammation of the liver that lasts less than six months. It is commonly caused by viral infections such as hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E, but can also be due to other infections, toxins like alcohol, drugs, or autoimmune processes. Symptoms may include fatigue, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and jaundice. Liver enzymes are elevated and viral markers can help identify the cause. Most cases of acute hepatitis are self-limiting, but some may lead to chronic liver disease. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms, and vaccination can help prevent viral hepatitis.
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Hepatitis B, introduction, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, case presentation.
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Hepatitis b
- 1. Sandra Saju
- 2. • Inflammation of the liver. • Causes: INFECTIOUS •Viral •Bacterial •Fungal •Parasitic NON-INFECTIOUS •Drugs •Alcohol •Autoimmune •Metabolic
- 3. There are 5 viruses that causes viral hepatitis: 1. HAV 2. HBV 3. HCV 4. HDV 5. HEV
- 4. HEPATITIS-B VIRUS DNA, Enveloped virus. Family : Hepadnaviridae Genus: Orthohepadnaviridae Circular genome, Partial double stranded DNA. Replication through a RNA intermediate form by Reverse transcription . Replicates in Liver. Virion is also called Dane particle. HBsAg= Surface anitigen, HBcAg = Core protein HBeAg =secreted antigen Can cause acute or chronic infections. https://www.evaidya.com/Health-Articles/all- you-need-to-know-about-hepatitis-b/
- 5. Viral Factors • Virus is labile to drying. • Less sensitive to detergents than other enveloped viruses. • Virus is shed during asymptomatic periods. • 10 % of HBV cause chronic infection with potential shedding.
- 7. Disease Mechanism • Inoculation • Incubation period ;2 to 6 months after inoculation of virus. • Virus goes to Liver through viremia. • Replication in hepatocytes(within 3 days). • Induces viremia. • Transmitted in various body secretions. • Cycle repeats.
- 8. TRANSMISSION Parenteral - Sharing of needles between drug abusers, exposure to infected blood and various body fluids, as well as through saliva, menstrual, vaginal, and seminal fluids. Sexual transmission. Perinatal – Vertical transmission from mother to child.
- 9. symptoms
- 10. WhoIs at Risk? • Babies of mothers with chronic HBV infection. • IV drug abusers. • People with multiple sex partners. • Health care personnel. • Non-vaccinated children. • People who receive blood transfusion or organ transplant. • People with HIV or other STDs.
- 11. DIAGNOSIS Blood is tested for HBsAg and/ or HBeAg. Liver Ultrasound scan. Liver biopsy. Anti- HBc IgM in blood indicates recent acute infection.
- 12. TREATMENT There is no treatment to eliminate the virus from the body. Acute Inflammation usually is cleared spontaneously while chronic inflammation has to be treated to reduce risk of cirrhosis and liver cancer. Treatments to ease the symptoms: • Lamivudine • Adefovir dipivoxil • Famciclovir Liver Transplant - A liver transplant surgery may be necessary if chronic Hepatitis B causes severe liver damage that can lead to liver failure. Diseased or injured liver is removed and replaced with a healthy one from a donor.
- 13. COMPLICATIONS • Scarring of the liver (cirrhosis). • Liver cancer. • Liver failure. Acute liver failure is a condition in which the vital functions of the liver shut down. When that occurs, a liver transplant is necessary to sustain life. • Other conditions. kidney disease, inflammation of blood vessels or anemia.
- 15. PREVENTION Active Immunization with vaccine Passive Immunization with HB Immunoglobulin containing HBsAb (prepared from sera of patients who have recovered from hepatitis B). • Use protection while having sex. • Don't share needles. • Wear latex or plastic gloves if you have to touch blood. • Don't share toothbrushes or razors. • Don't get a tattoo, or make sure that the needles used have been cleaned properly and are sterile.
- 17. REFERENCES • Medical Microbiology, 7th edition, Murray, Rosenthal, Pfaller. [Pages ;586,593] • http://www.slideshare.net/fabiogrubba/hepatitis-b-virus-hbv-26747359?qid=f31168f6-08c0-4e74-ace7- 185c79421d15&v=&b=&from_search=2 • http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs204/en/ • http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hepatitis-b/basics/complications/con-20022210