This document analyzes heavy metal concentrations in sediment samples from 41 stations in the Alvarado lagoon system in Veracruz, Mexico. Sediment samples were analyzed for levels of Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr, and Co. The highest metal concentration found was for Co at 9.53 μg/g. Most metal levels were within international limits except for Cd. While concentrations were low, the presence of heavy metals indicates potential risks to public health and warrants further continuous monitoring of sediment quality in the lagoon system.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
Investigation of heavy metals content (Cd , Ni and Pb) in the muscle tissue o...Innspub Net
This study has been done to determine the amount of the heavy metals like Cd, Ni, and Pb in the muscle tissue of Hoof benthic fish (Psettodes erumei) and urban pelagic fish (Lethrinus nebulosus) in Qeshm Island in the north of the Persian Gulf. On the whole, the heavy metal content of 30 tissue samples was randomly measured by atomic absorption spectrometer. The mean amount of Cd and Ni in benthic Hoof was significantly greater than that in the Urban pelagic fish while the concentration of pb in urban pelagic fish was higher than that in the Hoof tissue samples (P<0.05). Our results showed that the concentration of the three measured heavy metals in the fishes studied was less than the standard levels proposed by WHO and FAO. Get via original link: http://www.innspub.net/jbes/investigation-of-heavy-metals-content-cd-ni-and-pb-in-the-muscle-tissue-of-two-commercial-fishes-of-the-qeshm-island-persian-gulf/
The document analyzes physicochemical properties and heavy metal concentrations of surface and underground water samples from iron mining areas in Kogi State, Nigeria. Water samples were collected during dry and rainy seasons from 7 locations. Results found pH to be weakly acidic in dry season and weakly alkaline in rainy season. Electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, alkalinity and hardness fell within recommended limits. Concentrations of heavy metals like lead, cadmium and chromium were higher than guidelines in some samples, indicating pollution from mining activities. Overall, the study assessed water quality in the mining region and found evidence of toxic metal contamination from mining impacts.
Coral Reef Biomineralisation effect by Ocean AcidificationRoneet Ghosh
The document summarizes a study that investigated the physiological and cellular impacts of ocean acidification on the reef-building coral Acropora millepora. The key findings are:
1) Exposure to high CO2 conditions predicted for the future caused widespread changes in gene expression in A. millepora related to metabolism, membrane-cytoskeleton interactions, signaling, and other processes.
2) Physiologically, corals exposed to high CO2 lost over half their symbiotic algae (Symbiodinium) populations and had decreased photosynthesis and respiration rates.
3) While calcification was not observed to decrease over the 28-day study, the cellular and physiological changes observed
DNAPL Remediation with ClO2_UV-published paperDarcy Bye
This study investigated the sorption of PAHs, PCBs, phenols, and BTEX hydrocarbons from groundwater onto a subsoil core sample. It also examined the destruction of these contaminants in ClO2/UV solution systems using methanol as the carrier solvent. Sorption experiments showed the contaminants formed S-type isotherms and could be modeled using the Freundlich equation. Off-site travel times for the contaminants in groundwater ranged from 145 to 80,817 years based on sorption. Treatment with ClO2/UV destroyed 76-98% of the contaminants and produced no dioxins or furans as byproducts, demonstrating this method's potential for remediating recal
Studies on Seasonal Variations of Total Glycogen, Protein and Lipids in Estua...ijtsrd
This document summarizes a study on the seasonal variations of total glycogen, protein, and lipids in the estuarine clam Meretrix meretrix after chronic exposure to cadmium chloride. Key findings include:
- Biochemical components in clams from the control group varied seasonally, influenced by estuarine water parameters and breeding seasons.
- Clams exposed to sublethal cadmium chloride showed both increases and decreases in biochemical components across tissues and seasons compared to controls. For example, glycogen increased in gills during monsoon but decreased in foot.
- Cadmium exposure generally depleted lipids in all tissues, with the most significant decreases in the hepatopancreas
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Natural radioactivity in drinking water and associated agedependent dose in L...IOSRJAP
The presence of Ra in drinking water may sometimes make important contribution to natural background radiation exposures. The paper describes the study of 226Ra and 228Ra content in drinking water of Luxor, a famous tourist city in Egypt. A total of thirty-five water samples were analyzed for 226Ra and 228Ra by gamma ray spectrometry with HPGe detector setup, coaxial type and 8192 channels MCA. The concentration of 226Ra was found in the range from 16 to 181 with arithmetic mean 85.6 mBq·L -1 and the concentration of 228Ra ranged from 8 to 98.4 mBq·L -1 with arithmetic mean 48.6 mBq·L -1 .The committed effective dose for the different age groups has been estimated and found to be not more than 0.038 mSv·yr -1 for adults and 0.149 mSv·yr -1 for critical age group (12-17 years old), for 226Ra. While it is not more than 0.05 mSv·yr -1 for adults and 0.29 mSv·yr -1 for critical age group, for 228Ra. The values obtained were compared with the reference values accepted for drinking water and doses resulting from consumption of these waters, due to their 226Ra and 228Ra contents, were calculated. The study showed that 226Ra content for investigated categories of waters is below the levels at which any unacceptable dose due to ingestion would arise
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is a team of researchers not publication services or private publications running the journals for monetary benefits, we are association of scientists and academia who focus only on supporting authors who want to publish their work. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online, all the articles will be archived for real time access.
Our journal system primarily aims to bring out the research talent and the works done by sciaentists, academia, engineers, practitioners, scholars, post graduate students of engineering and science. This journal aims to cover the scientific research in a broader sense and not publishing a niche area of research facilitating researchers from various verticals to publish their papers. It is also aimed to provide a platform for the researchers to publish in a shorter of time, enabling them to continue further All articles published are freely available to scientific researchers in the Government agencies,educators and the general public. We are taking serious efforts to promote our journal across the globe in various ways, we are sure that our journal will act as a scientific platform for all researchers to publish their works online.
Investigation of heavy metals content (Cd , Ni and Pb) in the muscle tissue o...Innspub Net
This study has been done to determine the amount of the heavy metals like Cd, Ni, and Pb in the muscle tissue of Hoof benthic fish (Psettodes erumei) and urban pelagic fish (Lethrinus nebulosus) in Qeshm Island in the north of the Persian Gulf. On the whole, the heavy metal content of 30 tissue samples was randomly measured by atomic absorption spectrometer. The mean amount of Cd and Ni in benthic Hoof was significantly greater than that in the Urban pelagic fish while the concentration of pb in urban pelagic fish was higher than that in the Hoof tissue samples (P<0.05). Our results showed that the concentration of the three measured heavy metals in the fishes studied was less than the standard levels proposed by WHO and FAO. Get via original link: http://www.innspub.net/jbes/investigation-of-heavy-metals-content-cd-ni-and-pb-in-the-muscle-tissue-of-two-commercial-fishes-of-the-qeshm-island-persian-gulf/
The document analyzes physicochemical properties and heavy metal concentrations of surface and underground water samples from iron mining areas in Kogi State, Nigeria. Water samples were collected during dry and rainy seasons from 7 locations. Results found pH to be weakly acidic in dry season and weakly alkaline in rainy season. Electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, alkalinity and hardness fell within recommended limits. Concentrations of heavy metals like lead, cadmium and chromium were higher than guidelines in some samples, indicating pollution from mining activities. Overall, the study assessed water quality in the mining region and found evidence of toxic metal contamination from mining impacts.
Coral Reef Biomineralisation effect by Ocean AcidificationRoneet Ghosh
The document summarizes a study that investigated the physiological and cellular impacts of ocean acidification on the reef-building coral Acropora millepora. The key findings are:
1) Exposure to high CO2 conditions predicted for the future caused widespread changes in gene expression in A. millepora related to metabolism, membrane-cytoskeleton interactions, signaling, and other processes.
2) Physiologically, corals exposed to high CO2 lost over half their symbiotic algae (Symbiodinium) populations and had decreased photosynthesis and respiration rates.
3) While calcification was not observed to decrease over the 28-day study, the cellular and physiological changes observed
DNAPL Remediation with ClO2_UV-published paperDarcy Bye
This study investigated the sorption of PAHs, PCBs, phenols, and BTEX hydrocarbons from groundwater onto a subsoil core sample. It also examined the destruction of these contaminants in ClO2/UV solution systems using methanol as the carrier solvent. Sorption experiments showed the contaminants formed S-type isotherms and could be modeled using the Freundlich equation. Off-site travel times for the contaminants in groundwater ranged from 145 to 80,817 years based on sorption. Treatment with ClO2/UV destroyed 76-98% of the contaminants and produced no dioxins or furans as byproducts, demonstrating this method's potential for remediating recal
Studies on Seasonal Variations of Total Glycogen, Protein and Lipids in Estua...ijtsrd
This document summarizes a study on the seasonal variations of total glycogen, protein, and lipids in the estuarine clam Meretrix meretrix after chronic exposure to cadmium chloride. Key findings include:
- Biochemical components in clams from the control group varied seasonally, influenced by estuarine water parameters and breeding seasons.
- Clams exposed to sublethal cadmium chloride showed both increases and decreases in biochemical components across tissues and seasons compared to controls. For example, glycogen increased in gills during monsoon but decreased in foot.
- Cadmium exposure generally depleted lipids in all tissues, with the most significant decreases in the hepatopancreas
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Natural radioactivity in drinking water and associated agedependent dose in L...IOSRJAP
The presence of Ra in drinking water may sometimes make important contribution to natural background radiation exposures. The paper describes the study of 226Ra and 228Ra content in drinking water of Luxor, a famous tourist city in Egypt. A total of thirty-five water samples were analyzed for 226Ra and 228Ra by gamma ray spectrometry with HPGe detector setup, coaxial type and 8192 channels MCA. The concentration of 226Ra was found in the range from 16 to 181 with arithmetic mean 85.6 mBq·L -1 and the concentration of 228Ra ranged from 8 to 98.4 mBq·L -1 with arithmetic mean 48.6 mBq·L -1 .The committed effective dose for the different age groups has been estimated and found to be not more than 0.038 mSv·yr -1 for adults and 0.149 mSv·yr -1 for critical age group (12-17 years old), for 226Ra. While it is not more than 0.05 mSv·yr -1 for adults and 0.29 mSv·yr -1 for critical age group, for 228Ra. The values obtained were compared with the reference values accepted for drinking water and doses resulting from consumption of these waters, due to their 226Ra and 228Ra contents, were calculated. The study showed that 226Ra content for investigated categories of waters is below the levels at which any unacceptable dose due to ingestion would arise
Inorganic and methylmercury do they transfer along a tropical coastal food ...racheltrans
This study evaluated methylmercury (MeHg) and inorganic mercury (Hginorg) concentrations in water, plankton, and fish from Guanabara Bay, a eutrophic coastal area in Brazil. The aims were to compare the trophic transfer and biomagnification of MeHg and Hginorg between different trophic levels in the food web, from plankton to predatory fish. Water, microplankton, mesoplankton, and muscle tissue from 7 fish species with different feeding habits were sampled. Results showed that MeHg concentrations and proportions increased with trophic level, while Hginorg decreased, indicating MeHg was the species that biomagnified. MeHg also reflected the vertical
This document provides information about the Water Quality 2010 conference proceedings. The conference was organized by water@leeds, the water research center at the University of Leeds, and was held on June 23-24, 2010 at the Weetwood Hall Hotel in Leeds, UK. It included keynote speakers, presentations on various topics related to water quality management, policy, research, treatment and monitoring. The proceedings document the program, presentations and posters from the conference.
An investigation on role of salinity, pH and DO on heavy metals elimination t...GJESM Publication
One of the most paramount processes that play a considerable role in reducing the concentration of
heavy metals during estuarine mixing is flocculation. Not only does such a process cause a huge percentage of metals to come into the particulate phase, but also it provides ample nutrients for the aquatic life. In the present study, impact of such factors as salinity, pH and DO on flocculation of Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cd and Mn throughout mixing of Chaluse River with Caspian Sea is investigated. The trend of flocculation of Pb (24.32%) < Zn (24.38%) < Cd (40.00%) < Cu (64.71%) < Ni (68.00%) < Mn (76.47%) reveals that among the studied elements Mn and lead experience minimum and maximum flocculation at diverse salinity regimes, respectively. Moreover, flocculation rate of studied metals fluctuates between 24.32 and 76.47 percent. It is interesting to note that much of metal flocculation occurs at the very lower (less than 2 ppt) salinity regimes.
The document discusses using ammonium nitrate injections to enhance monitored natural attenuation (MNA) at a site with dissolved petroleum contamination. Baseline testing found the aquifer had a microbial population but limited nutrients and terminal electron acceptors. Approximately 116 pounds of ammonium nitrate fertilizer was injected, providing a source of nitrate to drive biodegradation. Monitoring after injection found increased biological activity and degradation rates, showing nitrate addition can accelerate MNA by stimulating microbial growth where nutrients were previously limited.
Joint Indonesia-UK Conference on Computational Chemistry 2015Dasapta Erwin Irawan
The following there slides were made for Joint Indonesia-UK Conference on Computational Chemistry 2015, consists of three abstracts:
1. Generalised mixed model of water quality in Cikapundung Riverbank using R
Author: Dasapta Erwin Irawan1*, Cut Novianti Rachmi2, Prana Ugi3, Dwi Suhandoko1, Ahmad Darul1, Nurjana Joko Trilaksono1
2. PCA computation to detect water interactions in Cikapundung Riverbank using R
Author: Dasapta Erwin Irawan1*, Cut Novianti Rachmi2, Prana Ugi3, Dwi Suhandoko1, Ahmad Darul1, Nurjana Joko Trilaksono1
3. Landfill Plume Identification : a Review
Author: Ramadhan, F.R1., Nafisah, L.A1., Yosandian, Hazmanu1., and Irawan, D.E 2.
Study on Physico-Chemical Parameters of Harsi Reservoir Dabra, Gwalior Distri...ijsrd.com
this study was aimed to estimate physico-chemical characteristic of Harsi reservoir. Harsi reservoir located in Dabra, Gwalior district, Madhya Pradesh is constructed on parwati River. Monthly study in Physico-chemical parameters such as water temperature, depth, transparency, electrical conductivity, turbidity, total dissolved solids, pH, dissolved oxygen, free carbon dioxide, total alkalinity, total hardness, chlorides, sulphates, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, silicates, ammonia, BOD, COD, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium were analyzed from January 2011 to December 2011. The results indicated that Physico-chemical parameters of the water were used for drinking, domestic use, irrigation and pisciculture.
Kline et al_2015_Plos One_Heron reef flat biogeochemistryDavid Kline
This study analyzed data from a 6-month high-resolution study of carbonate chemistry and temperature on the Heron Island reef flat in Australia. The data revealed:
1) pH, aragonite saturation state, and pCO2 were primarily driven by biologically-produced dissolved organic carbon and total alkalinity rather than temperature or salinity.
2) The largest daily temperature ranges occurred in spring, while the smallest were in winter.
3) Daily pH ranges were also large, up to 0.8 pH units, with lowest pH in spring and highest in fall.
4) Periods of anomalous high temperatures and low pH were asynchronous, highlighting the importance of understanding interactions between multiple stressors on reefs
This document summarizes a study on the relationship between chlorophyll a concentration and various hydrological parameters like temperature, salinity, pH, transparency, nutrients etc. in and around the Indian Sundarbans. Significant positive correlations were found between chlorophyll a and salinity, pH and transparency, indicating that higher salinity, slightly alkaline conditions and water transparency favor phytoplankton growth. Negative correlations with nutrients like nitrate and phosphate suggest phytoplankton uptake of these nutrients. An insignificant relationship with silicate may be due to lower diatom abundance compared to flagellates in the study area. The findings confirm phytoplankton dependence on various environmental factors.
Assessment of Mercurity Toxicity Hazard Associated with Former Cinnabar Mining and Tailings Disposal in Honda Bay, Palawan
T M Williamd, J M Weeks, A Apostol, C Miranda
British Geological Survey
WC/96/31/R
J. Sequeira Ocean Acidification SoA ReviewJohn Sequeira
This document summarizes research on ocean acidification and its effects. It discusses how increased CO2 absorption by oceans leads to acidification, affecting calcium carbonate availability and organisms that use it in shells and skeletons. While most research focuses on single species responses, one study found increased calcification in coccolithophores during winter when pH is lowest, contradicting hypotheses. Experts agree ocean acidification due to CO2 emissions will continue for centuries and exceed past rates, but have less consensus on specific biogeochemical issues.
This document describes a study that investigated the bioconcentration of three nitrogen-based compounds (4-nitroanisole, 3,5-dinitro-o-toluamide, and 2-methoxy-5 nitropyridine) in earthworms. Toxicity tests were first conducted to determine sublethal exposure concentrations for earthworms. Then, earthworms were exposed to the compounds in an aqueous medium for up to 14 days to estimate bioconcentration factors. Tissue analysis found rapid uptake of the compounds, with steady state reached within 24 h. Estimated steady-state bioconcentration factors were 47, 6, and 11 for the three compounds, respectively. These results provide new bioconcentration data that
This document is a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of a Bachelor's degree in environmental sciences. It presents the results of a study monitoring the phytoplankton communities in a eutrophic Irish lake over a 6-month period from January to July 2012. Phytoplankton assemblages were found to follow clear seasonal successional patterns related to changing water quality and nutrient conditions. Their composition supported the lake's status as healthy but bordering on mesotrophic/eutrophic. The study evaluated phytoplankton as biological indicators for monitoring water quality and ecological status under the EU Water Framework Directive.
The SABRE project aimed to demonstrate the effectiveness of in situ enhanced anaerobic bioremediation for treating chlorinated solvent DNAPL source areas. It involved laboratory experiments, field tests at a contaminated site in the UK, and development of investigation and modeling tools. The laboratory experiments showed that reductive dechlorination of TCE to ethene was possible using an emulsified soy oil electron donor and nutrient addition. Field tests involved constructing a test cell through a DNAPL source area and injecting the emulsified soy oil, with monitoring showing enhanced DNAPL dissolution and degradation. The project advanced understanding of bioremediating DNAPL sources and demonstrated the technique for the first time in the UK.
Zander 2007 - Allochthonous DOC in floodplain riversAlek Zander
This research article explores using solid phase microextraction gas chromatography (SPME-GC) to fingerprint dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from various allochthonous sources in floodplain rivers. SPME-GC is a solventless extraction technique that can detect semi-volatile and volatile organic compounds in DOC at parts-per-trillion levels. The study examines DOC leachates from leaves, bark, grass, soil and algae collected from the Murrumbidgee River floodplain. Preliminary results found each source material produced complex chromatograms of over 100 compounds and hierarchical cluster analysis distinguished the chemical profiles between sources, indicating SPME-GC could identify source-specific markers for DOC.
This document summarizes a study on the seasonality of contamination, toxicity, and quality values in sediments from coastal ecosystems in the Gulf of Cadiz in Spain. Sediment samples were collected from seven stations in winter and summer and analyzed for heavy metals, organic carbon, grain size, and toxicity. Toxicity tests using amphipods and clams showed only sediments near an untreated urban discharge were toxic. Multivariate analysis found most variables did not vary seasonally, except copper which was toxic in winter but not summer. Sediment quality values were derived from chemical concentrations associated with no biological effects.
This document summarizes a study on the physico-chemical parameters and diatom populations in two freshwater ponds in Tamil Nadu, India. Water quality parameters like pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, carbon dioxide, and salinity were measured monthly at both a natural pond and a culture pond to understand how these factors influence diatom communities. Diatom samples were collected and processed using hydrogen peroxide to isolate the silica frustules for identification. The study aims to provide baseline data on the aquatic ecosystem balance in these ponds and support future research.
The document examines the effects of acid on the chlorophyll production and biomass of common duckweed (Lemna minor L.). Two experiments were conducted exposing duckweed to pH levels of 4.1, 5.4, and 6.5 (control) over 10-12 days. The first experiment showed no significant differences in biomass between pH treatments. The second experiment found significantly lower biomass at pH 4.1 compared to pH 5.4 and 6.5. Neither experiment found significant differences in chlorophyll content between pH treatments. The results partially supported the hypothesis, showing acid inhibited biomass but not through impacts on chlorophyll. Longer exposure periods or lower pH levels may be needed to impact chlorophyll.
This document analyzes the seasonal bioaccumulation of copper in guppies (Poecilia reticulata) collected from the Butuanon River in Metro Cebu, Philippines. Water, sediment, and fish samples were collected from four stations along the river in both the dry and wet seasons. Copper levels in the water were within acceptable standards but exceeded limits in some sediment samples. Guppies from one station exceeded safe copper levels for fish. The bioaccumulation factor, which measures how much copper accumulates in fish from water, was higher in the wet season. The octanol-water partition coefficients, which indicate the form and levels of copper, varied between stations. Traces of thiodiazole were also
The document discusses the analysis of key transformation products of the explosive RDX (hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine) in groundwater samples from various US military sites. It finds that nitroso derivatives (MNX, DNX, TNX) and 4-nitro-2,4-diazabutanal (NDAB) are stable under typical environmental conditions, but methylenedinitramine (MEDINA) is highly unstable. Adding 10% sea salts was found to stabilize MEDINA when samples were stored at 4°C. Appropriate preservation allowed detection of nitroso derivatives and NDAB, but not MEDINA, at some
This document summarizes a presentation on marine chemistry given at Dublin City University. It discusses several topics related to marine chemistry including ocean services, the history of understanding salinity, ocean carbon and acidification, monitoring hazardous substances, and shellfish toxins. Diagrams are included on topics like biogeochemical processes in the oceans, climate change impacts like ocean acidification and nutrients, and types of pollution affecting the oceans.
Water Pollution and Its Adverse Effect on Biodiversity in Ship Breaking Area...Adib Bin Rashid
Shipbreaking has obtained great importance in the micro and macro economy of poverty-stricken Bangladesh for being a profitable industry in spite of having a number of environmental and human health hazards.
This study focuses on the Ship Breaking and Recycling Industry of Bangladesh to evaluate the pollution in water
and measure the adverse effect on biodiversity. Here the water quality parameters like pH, Salinity, Alkalinity,
Hardness, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Turbidity, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Pb,
Cr, Cd, Fe concentrations of the sea water of shipbreaking yards of Bhatiary, pond water and tube well water has
analyzed. Turbidity during tide-1 was observed 2624 NTU where the standard value is 5 NTU. Similarly, BOD was
measured about 11.30 mg/l which was above the permissible limit in the seawater during tide-2. Value of Pb was
about 0.07018 mg/l in seawater during tide-1 which is above the permitted limit. The elevated level of different physicochemical parameters and heavy metal is a serious threat for pollution not only for the biodiversity but also
for the environment. Evaluation of water pollution in water bodies by the establishment of ship breaking industry
was assessed by comparing these data with WHO and BSTI standard and evaluation of the adverse effect on biodiversity was established by observing the range of the parameters measured from the water bodies.
Inorganic and methylmercury do they transfer along a tropical coastal food ...racheltrans
This study evaluated methylmercury (MeHg) and inorganic mercury (Hginorg) concentrations in water, plankton, and fish from Guanabara Bay, a eutrophic coastal area in Brazil. The aims were to compare the trophic transfer and biomagnification of MeHg and Hginorg between different trophic levels in the food web, from plankton to predatory fish. Water, microplankton, mesoplankton, and muscle tissue from 7 fish species with different feeding habits were sampled. Results showed that MeHg concentrations and proportions increased with trophic level, while Hginorg decreased, indicating MeHg was the species that biomagnified. MeHg also reflected the vertical
This document provides information about the Water Quality 2010 conference proceedings. The conference was organized by water@leeds, the water research center at the University of Leeds, and was held on June 23-24, 2010 at the Weetwood Hall Hotel in Leeds, UK. It included keynote speakers, presentations on various topics related to water quality management, policy, research, treatment and monitoring. The proceedings document the program, presentations and posters from the conference.
An investigation on role of salinity, pH and DO on heavy metals elimination t...GJESM Publication
One of the most paramount processes that play a considerable role in reducing the concentration of
heavy metals during estuarine mixing is flocculation. Not only does such a process cause a huge percentage of metals to come into the particulate phase, but also it provides ample nutrients for the aquatic life. In the present study, impact of such factors as salinity, pH and DO on flocculation of Cu, Zn, Pb, Ni, Cd and Mn throughout mixing of Chaluse River with Caspian Sea is investigated. The trend of flocculation of Pb (24.32%) < Zn (24.38%) < Cd (40.00%) < Cu (64.71%) < Ni (68.00%) < Mn (76.47%) reveals that among the studied elements Mn and lead experience minimum and maximum flocculation at diverse salinity regimes, respectively. Moreover, flocculation rate of studied metals fluctuates between 24.32 and 76.47 percent. It is interesting to note that much of metal flocculation occurs at the very lower (less than 2 ppt) salinity regimes.
The document discusses using ammonium nitrate injections to enhance monitored natural attenuation (MNA) at a site with dissolved petroleum contamination. Baseline testing found the aquifer had a microbial population but limited nutrients and terminal electron acceptors. Approximately 116 pounds of ammonium nitrate fertilizer was injected, providing a source of nitrate to drive biodegradation. Monitoring after injection found increased biological activity and degradation rates, showing nitrate addition can accelerate MNA by stimulating microbial growth where nutrients were previously limited.
Joint Indonesia-UK Conference on Computational Chemistry 2015Dasapta Erwin Irawan
The following there slides were made for Joint Indonesia-UK Conference on Computational Chemistry 2015, consists of three abstracts:
1. Generalised mixed model of water quality in Cikapundung Riverbank using R
Author: Dasapta Erwin Irawan1*, Cut Novianti Rachmi2, Prana Ugi3, Dwi Suhandoko1, Ahmad Darul1, Nurjana Joko Trilaksono1
2. PCA computation to detect water interactions in Cikapundung Riverbank using R
Author: Dasapta Erwin Irawan1*, Cut Novianti Rachmi2, Prana Ugi3, Dwi Suhandoko1, Ahmad Darul1, Nurjana Joko Trilaksono1
3. Landfill Plume Identification : a Review
Author: Ramadhan, F.R1., Nafisah, L.A1., Yosandian, Hazmanu1., and Irawan, D.E 2.
Study on Physico-Chemical Parameters of Harsi Reservoir Dabra, Gwalior Distri...ijsrd.com
this study was aimed to estimate physico-chemical characteristic of Harsi reservoir. Harsi reservoir located in Dabra, Gwalior district, Madhya Pradesh is constructed on parwati River. Monthly study in Physico-chemical parameters such as water temperature, depth, transparency, electrical conductivity, turbidity, total dissolved solids, pH, dissolved oxygen, free carbon dioxide, total alkalinity, total hardness, chlorides, sulphates, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, silicates, ammonia, BOD, COD, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium were analyzed from January 2011 to December 2011. The results indicated that Physico-chemical parameters of the water were used for drinking, domestic use, irrigation and pisciculture.
Kline et al_2015_Plos One_Heron reef flat biogeochemistryDavid Kline
This study analyzed data from a 6-month high-resolution study of carbonate chemistry and temperature on the Heron Island reef flat in Australia. The data revealed:
1) pH, aragonite saturation state, and pCO2 were primarily driven by biologically-produced dissolved organic carbon and total alkalinity rather than temperature or salinity.
2) The largest daily temperature ranges occurred in spring, while the smallest were in winter.
3) Daily pH ranges were also large, up to 0.8 pH units, with lowest pH in spring and highest in fall.
4) Periods of anomalous high temperatures and low pH were asynchronous, highlighting the importance of understanding interactions between multiple stressors on reefs
This document summarizes a study on the relationship between chlorophyll a concentration and various hydrological parameters like temperature, salinity, pH, transparency, nutrients etc. in and around the Indian Sundarbans. Significant positive correlations were found between chlorophyll a and salinity, pH and transparency, indicating that higher salinity, slightly alkaline conditions and water transparency favor phytoplankton growth. Negative correlations with nutrients like nitrate and phosphate suggest phytoplankton uptake of these nutrients. An insignificant relationship with silicate may be due to lower diatom abundance compared to flagellates in the study area. The findings confirm phytoplankton dependence on various environmental factors.
Assessment of Mercurity Toxicity Hazard Associated with Former Cinnabar Mining and Tailings Disposal in Honda Bay, Palawan
T M Williamd, J M Weeks, A Apostol, C Miranda
British Geological Survey
WC/96/31/R
J. Sequeira Ocean Acidification SoA ReviewJohn Sequeira
This document summarizes research on ocean acidification and its effects. It discusses how increased CO2 absorption by oceans leads to acidification, affecting calcium carbonate availability and organisms that use it in shells and skeletons. While most research focuses on single species responses, one study found increased calcification in coccolithophores during winter when pH is lowest, contradicting hypotheses. Experts agree ocean acidification due to CO2 emissions will continue for centuries and exceed past rates, but have less consensus on specific biogeochemical issues.
This document describes a study that investigated the bioconcentration of three nitrogen-based compounds (4-nitroanisole, 3,5-dinitro-o-toluamide, and 2-methoxy-5 nitropyridine) in earthworms. Toxicity tests were first conducted to determine sublethal exposure concentrations for earthworms. Then, earthworms were exposed to the compounds in an aqueous medium for up to 14 days to estimate bioconcentration factors. Tissue analysis found rapid uptake of the compounds, with steady state reached within 24 h. Estimated steady-state bioconcentration factors were 47, 6, and 11 for the three compounds, respectively. These results provide new bioconcentration data that
This document is a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of a Bachelor's degree in environmental sciences. It presents the results of a study monitoring the phytoplankton communities in a eutrophic Irish lake over a 6-month period from January to July 2012. Phytoplankton assemblages were found to follow clear seasonal successional patterns related to changing water quality and nutrient conditions. Their composition supported the lake's status as healthy but bordering on mesotrophic/eutrophic. The study evaluated phytoplankton as biological indicators for monitoring water quality and ecological status under the EU Water Framework Directive.
The SABRE project aimed to demonstrate the effectiveness of in situ enhanced anaerobic bioremediation for treating chlorinated solvent DNAPL source areas. It involved laboratory experiments, field tests at a contaminated site in the UK, and development of investigation and modeling tools. The laboratory experiments showed that reductive dechlorination of TCE to ethene was possible using an emulsified soy oil electron donor and nutrient addition. Field tests involved constructing a test cell through a DNAPL source area and injecting the emulsified soy oil, with monitoring showing enhanced DNAPL dissolution and degradation. The project advanced understanding of bioremediating DNAPL sources and demonstrated the technique for the first time in the UK.
Zander 2007 - Allochthonous DOC in floodplain riversAlek Zander
This research article explores using solid phase microextraction gas chromatography (SPME-GC) to fingerprint dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from various allochthonous sources in floodplain rivers. SPME-GC is a solventless extraction technique that can detect semi-volatile and volatile organic compounds in DOC at parts-per-trillion levels. The study examines DOC leachates from leaves, bark, grass, soil and algae collected from the Murrumbidgee River floodplain. Preliminary results found each source material produced complex chromatograms of over 100 compounds and hierarchical cluster analysis distinguished the chemical profiles between sources, indicating SPME-GC could identify source-specific markers for DOC.
This document summarizes a study on the seasonality of contamination, toxicity, and quality values in sediments from coastal ecosystems in the Gulf of Cadiz in Spain. Sediment samples were collected from seven stations in winter and summer and analyzed for heavy metals, organic carbon, grain size, and toxicity. Toxicity tests using amphipods and clams showed only sediments near an untreated urban discharge were toxic. Multivariate analysis found most variables did not vary seasonally, except copper which was toxic in winter but not summer. Sediment quality values were derived from chemical concentrations associated with no biological effects.
This document summarizes a study on the physico-chemical parameters and diatom populations in two freshwater ponds in Tamil Nadu, India. Water quality parameters like pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, carbon dioxide, and salinity were measured monthly at both a natural pond and a culture pond to understand how these factors influence diatom communities. Diatom samples were collected and processed using hydrogen peroxide to isolate the silica frustules for identification. The study aims to provide baseline data on the aquatic ecosystem balance in these ponds and support future research.
The document examines the effects of acid on the chlorophyll production and biomass of common duckweed (Lemna minor L.). Two experiments were conducted exposing duckweed to pH levels of 4.1, 5.4, and 6.5 (control) over 10-12 days. The first experiment showed no significant differences in biomass between pH treatments. The second experiment found significantly lower biomass at pH 4.1 compared to pH 5.4 and 6.5. Neither experiment found significant differences in chlorophyll content between pH treatments. The results partially supported the hypothesis, showing acid inhibited biomass but not through impacts on chlorophyll. Longer exposure periods or lower pH levels may be needed to impact chlorophyll.
This document analyzes the seasonal bioaccumulation of copper in guppies (Poecilia reticulata) collected from the Butuanon River in Metro Cebu, Philippines. Water, sediment, and fish samples were collected from four stations along the river in both the dry and wet seasons. Copper levels in the water were within acceptable standards but exceeded limits in some sediment samples. Guppies from one station exceeded safe copper levels for fish. The bioaccumulation factor, which measures how much copper accumulates in fish from water, was higher in the wet season. The octanol-water partition coefficients, which indicate the form and levels of copper, varied between stations. Traces of thiodiazole were also
The document discusses the analysis of key transformation products of the explosive RDX (hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine) in groundwater samples from various US military sites. It finds that nitroso derivatives (MNX, DNX, TNX) and 4-nitro-2,4-diazabutanal (NDAB) are stable under typical environmental conditions, but methylenedinitramine (MEDINA) is highly unstable. Adding 10% sea salts was found to stabilize MEDINA when samples were stored at 4°C. Appropriate preservation allowed detection of nitroso derivatives and NDAB, but not MEDINA, at some
This document summarizes a presentation on marine chemistry given at Dublin City University. It discusses several topics related to marine chemistry including ocean services, the history of understanding salinity, ocean carbon and acidification, monitoring hazardous substances, and shellfish toxins. Diagrams are included on topics like biogeochemical processes in the oceans, climate change impacts like ocean acidification and nutrients, and types of pollution affecting the oceans.
Water Pollution and Its Adverse Effect on Biodiversity in Ship Breaking Area...Adib Bin Rashid
Shipbreaking has obtained great importance in the micro and macro economy of poverty-stricken Bangladesh for being a profitable industry in spite of having a number of environmental and human health hazards.
This study focuses on the Ship Breaking and Recycling Industry of Bangladesh to evaluate the pollution in water
and measure the adverse effect on biodiversity. Here the water quality parameters like pH, Salinity, Alkalinity,
Hardness, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Turbidity, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Pb,
Cr, Cd, Fe concentrations of the sea water of shipbreaking yards of Bhatiary, pond water and tube well water has
analyzed. Turbidity during tide-1 was observed 2624 NTU where the standard value is 5 NTU. Similarly, BOD was
measured about 11.30 mg/l which was above the permissible limit in the seawater during tide-2. Value of Pb was
about 0.07018 mg/l in seawater during tide-1 which is above the permitted limit. The elevated level of different physicochemical parameters and heavy metal is a serious threat for pollution not only for the biodiversity but also
for the environment. Evaluation of water pollution in water bodies by the establishment of ship breaking industry
was assessed by comparing these data with WHO and BSTI standard and evaluation of the adverse effect on biodiversity was established by observing the range of the parameters measured from the water bodies.
Evaluation of Heavy, Toxic and Trace Metals Contamination in Fish, Seawater, ...Dr. Mohamed Saad Seoud
A comprehensive environmental assessment of the Arabian Gulf Coast in the State of
Kuwait was carried out by assessing levels of heavy, toxic and rare mineral pollutants in
coastal sediments, beach sand, shells and sea water collected from the coastline. By
Using (Inductively coupled plasma - Mass spectrometry) ICP-MS technique, we
analyzed (Al, Mn, Mg, Na, K, Ca, Zn, Ba, Sr, Co, Cu, Cd, Pb, Ag, Ni, Fe). The results of
potential environmental risks indicated that the study area was heavily enriched with (Al,
Mn, Mg, Na, K, Ca), moderately enriched with (Zn, Ba, Sr, Co), and low levels of (Cu,
Cd, Pb, Ag, Ni, Fe). However, in general, these pollutant levels were not exceed the EPA
and the Canadian ISQG values and still lower than some standardized reference values all
over the world. Furthermore, the bioaccumulation index indicated that gastropod shells
and pelecypod shells had greater ability to concentrate Fe, Na, K and Al, which may be
attributable to the shape of them. Regarding the seawater samples, Na and K levels were
higher than their average oceanic metal concentrations. Moreover, the average
concentrations of heavy metals in the studied area, especially those of Pb, K, Fe, and Zn,
were lower than the coasts of many countries all over the world. The moderate
enrichment of some metals in the studied area could be partially attributed to
anthropogenic activities, notably oil spills from oil tankers and exploration, transportation
and from saline water desalination plants in Kuwait Coast, the nearby nuclear reactors
overlooking the Arabian Gulf and other industrial activities in the region. Results were in
accordance with recommended daily intake allowance by WHO/FAO. From this study, it
was noticed that the concentrations of Heavy, Toxic and Trace Metals for Kuwaiti
Environmental Marine Samples are lower than the worldwide average value. Results
obtained are discussed and compared with the international recommended data.
1. The study analyzed levels of heavy metals like copper, lead, zinc, and cadmium in water, sediment, and tissues of milkfish (Chanos chanos) collected from Kaattuppalli Island and a reference site near Kovalam coast in India.
2. Heavy metal concentrations were highest in sediment, water, and fish tissues from Kaattuppalli Island, which receives untreated industrial waste.
3. Histological examination found lipid accumulation in the liver and increased mucous cells in the gills of fish from Kaattuppalli Island, indicating effects of heavy metal contamination.
A pilot study on effect of copper and cadmium toxicity in Tilapia Mossambicusresearchanimalsciences
Cu and Cd is trace element for most organisms including fish, but above certain limit Cu and Cd will be toxic. The present study was conducted to evaluate the toxic effect of Cu and Cd on Tilapia mossambicus via estimating the acute 96h median lethal concentration (LC50) value. A total 120 number of Tilapia mossambicus fingerlings were subjected to 12 numbers 20-L aquaria. Fish were exposed to 0.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0 and 10.0mg Cu and Cd/L for 4 days. Each dose was represented by two aquaria. Fish was daily observed and dead fish were removed immediately. The data obtained were evaluated using Behrens-Karber’s Method. The 96 h LC50 value of Cu for Tilapia mossambicus was calculated to be 6.0mg Cu/L with Behrens-Karber’s Method. The 96 h LC50 value of Cd for Tilapia mossambicus was calculated to be 4.8mg Cd/L with Behrens-Karber’s Method. The behavioral changes of Tilapia mossambicus were primarily observed. It could be concluded that Tilapia mossambicus species slightly sensitive to Cu and Cd when compare both metal cadmium is more toxic than copper for the fish species.
Article Citation:
Anushia C, Sampath kumar P and Selva Prabhu A.
A Pilot Study on Effect of Copper and Cadmium Toxicity in Tilapia Mossambicus.
Journal of Research in Animal Sciences (2012) 1(1): 020-027.
Full Text:
http://janimalsciences.com/documents/AS0008.pdf
A Pilot Study on Effect of Copper and Cadmium Toxicity in Tilapia Mossambicus researchanimalsciences
Cu and Cd is trace element for most organisms including fish, but above certain limit Cu and Cd will be toxic. The present study was conducted to evaluate the
toxic effect of Cu and Cd on Tilapia mossambicus
via estimating the acute 96h median lethal concentration (LC 50 ) value. A total 120 number of
Tilapia mossambicus fingerlings were subjected to 12 numbers 20 L aquaria. Fish were exposed to 0.0, 2.0,
4.0, 6.0, 8.0 and 10.0mg Cu and Cd/L for 4 days. Each dose was represented by two aquaria. Fish was daily observed and dead fish were removed immediately. The data obtained were evaluated using Behrens - Karber’s Method. The 96 h LC 50 value of Cu for Tilapia mossambicus was calculated to be 6.0mg Cu/L with Behrens - Karber’s Method. The 96 h LC
50 value of Cd for Tilapia mossambicus was calculated to be 4.8mg Cd/L with Behrens - Karber’s Method. The behavioral changs of Tilapia mossambicus
were primarily observed. It could be concluded that Tilapia mossambicus species slightly sensitive to Cu and Cd when compare both metal
cadmium is more toxic than copper for the fish species.
An Assignment On Biotechnological Methods In Pollution AbatementDaphne Smith
This document discusses biotechnological methods for pollution abatement. It summarizes research using biological markers like fish to monitor metal pollution in various bodies of water. It also describes the mechanisms and factors involved in enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) wastewater treatment processes. EBPR relies on selecting microbes that uptake phosphates beyond their needs. It uses alternating anaerobic and aerobic zones to encourage phosphorus-accumulating organisms that store phosphates for removal. Key factors for EBPR include sludge age, volatile fatty acids as an energy source, and maintaining sufficient BOD or COD levels relative to phosphorus.
Crabs, heavy metals and near future ocean acidification - what do we know?MACE Lab
This study examines the combined effects of ocean acidification and varying heavy metal concentrations on the sand bubbler crab (Dotilla fenestrata) in estuaries in South Africa. The study aims to understand how heavy metal uptake and bioaccumulation in crabs is affected by increasing ocean acidity. Crabs, water, and sediment samples were collected from three estuary sites and are being analyzed for heavy metal content and crab tissue is being tested for toxicity when exposed to ocean acidification and heavy metals. The results of this study could help monitor pollution in the estuaries using crabs as bioindicators and inform environmental policy.
— The formation, species composition and functional role of red algae were studied in the Black Sea's coastal zone. In sublittoral plant communities, red algae are dominant both by their number of species in the phytocenosis and by their active thallus-the one that ensures their high metabolism. Algae with a large specific surface area of thallus can accumulate heavy metals in higher concentrations. In the paper, we discuss possibilities of using red algae as biomarkers of marine pollution, and as bio filters in the processes of water natural.
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
This document summarizes a student's research project on genetic regulation of carbon sequestration by molluscs. The student analyzed how oysters are able to adapt and survive in acidified waters caused by ocean acidification. Several studies were reviewed showing oysters have genes that allow them to withstand stresses like heat, oxidation and apoptosis. While oyster larvae are initially affected, they can still metabolize, feed and develop normally even in acidified conditions. The student concluded oysters can survive in high CO2 waters through adaptive genes despite some effects early in development and reproduction.
Bioaccumulation of Lead (Pb) content in three species bivalves in Jakarta Bay...Open Access Research Paper
Environmental pollution by heavy metals has become a serious problem in Jakarta Bay. Mobilization of heavy metals as a result of anthropogenic activities has caused the release of heavy metals into the environment, one of which is Pb. Several methods already used to clean up the environment from these kinds of contaminants, but most of them are costly and difficult to get optimum results. In addition heavy metal pollutans in the waters are very stable and tend to be persistent. Recently, bioaccumators is an effective and affordable technological solution used to extract or remove inactive metals and metal pollutants from contaminated soil and water. This technology is environmental friendly and potentially cost effective using bivalves. These study objectives to analyzed the Pb content of three species of Jakarta Bay bivalves. The results showed that Pb content in the Eastern and Western Season bivalve tissue was significantly lowest in P. viridis (0,166 ± 0,016μg/g dan 0,161 ± 0,155μg/g) compared the Pb concentration in A. antiquata (0,264 ± 0,015μg/g dan 0,247±0,044μg/g), and M. meretrix (0,270 ± 0,016μg/g dan 0,240 ± 0,053μg/g). In this study also showed that the concentration of heavy metal Pb in the bivalve shell of P. viridis was significantly lower than that of two species (A. antiquata and M. meretrix). Pb content in the Eastern Season bivalves did not significantly different from that in the Westerrn Season. This is caused by a weather anomaly where the rainy season occurs almos throughout year of 2020. The Pb content in the bivalves shell was significantly higher than in the body tissues. It is because Pb can replace calcium ions in the formation of animal bones or bivalve shells.
Bioaccumulation of Lead (Pb) content in three species bivalves in Jakarta Ba...Innspub Net
Environmental pollution by heavy metals has become a serious problem in Jakarta Bay. Mobilization of heavy metals as a result of anthropogenic activities has caused the release of heavy metals into the environment, one of which is Pb. Several methods already used to clean up the environment from these kinds of contaminants, but most of them are costly and difficult to get optimum results. In addition heavy metal pollutans in the waters are very stable and tend to be persistent. Recently, bioaccumators is an effective and affordable technological solution used to extract or remove inactive metals and metal pollutants from contaminated soil and water. This technology is environmental friendly and potentially cost effective using bivalves. These study objectives to analyzed the Pb content of three species of Jakarta Bay bivalves. The results showed that Pb content in the Eastern and Western Season bivalve tissue was significantly lowest in P. viridis (0,166 ± 0,016μg/g dan 0,161 ± 0,155μg/g) compared the Pb concentration in A. antiquata (0,264 ± 0,015μg/g dan 0,247±0,044μg/g), and M. meretrix (0,270 ± 0,016μg/g dan 0,240 ± 0,053μg/g). In this study also showed that the concentration of heavy metal Pb in the bivalve shell of P. viridis was significantly lower than that of two species (A. antiquata and M. meretrix). Pb content in the Eastern Season bivalves did not significantly different from that in the Westerrn Season. This is caused by a weather anomaly where the rainy season occurs almos throughout year of 2020. The Pb content in the bivalves shell was significantly higher than in the body tissues. It is because Pb can replace calcium ions in the formation of animal bones or bivalve shells.
Health risk assessment of consuming heavy metal contaminated benthic seafood,...Premier Publishers
This study evaluated health risks associated with the consumption of a seafood (bivalve - Anadara (Senilia) senilis) contaminated with some heavy metals in southern Nigeria. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used for metal analysis. Mean metal concentrations (µgg-1) was in the order of Zn(12.96±1.0)> Pb(4.69±0.6)> Cr(2.91±0.7)> Ni(2.47±0.2)> Cu(2.03±0.3)> Cd(1.68±0.2). Mean concentrations of Cr, Cu and Zn were below their respective FAO/WHO recommended limits while those of Ni, Cd and Pb exceeded. The Estimated daily intake-EDI values of all metals were less than their respective reference oral doses-RFD implying minimal health risk. The target hazard quotient (non-carcinogenic) and hazard index-HI had values <1suggesting minimal health risk of non-carcinogenic origin but HI value showed potency of increase. The value of Incremental Lifetime Cancer Risk-ILCR ranged from 10-5-10-2 with Ni and Cd within the acceptable range of 10-4-10-6 while Cr and Pb exceeded the limit. The target cancer risk-TR had values of 10-3 indicating moderate to high risk according to the New York State Department of Health classification. The study concluded the presence of moderate to high carcinogenic risk due to Cr and Pb for consumers of heavy metal contaminated seafood (bivalves) in southern Nigeria. Minimal consumption and further action are advised with regular monitoring to detect changes.
Considering the importance of the healthy coral reef ecosystems to Langkawi’s economy as well as to the global coral reef biodiversity, the present study provided the baseline database regarding on distribution of heavy metals concentration (Cd, Cu, Pb) and the trend of heavy metals accumulation in Diploria Labyrinthiformis and Favia Pallida corals at Pulau Langkawi region. This report showed the level of heavy metal contamination in each of 5 years growth rate bands in both coral specie susing AAS. The averages of heavy metals concentration in Diploria Labyrinthiformis were 0.018±0.002 mg/L, 0.044±0.11 mg/L, and 0.120±0.01 mg/L for Cd, Cu, and Pb respectively. Meanwhile the concentrations of heavy metals for Favia Pallida were 0.017±0.02 mg/L, 0.088±0.004 mg/L, and 0.218±0.14 mg/L for Cd, Cu, and Pb respectively. Both species showed the low concentration and not exceeding the MPI safety level that indicated that the corals were not impacted by pollution. The trend and correlationships of the Cd, Cu, and Pb in the bands coral slab showed the increasing trend of concentration which were increased gradually from the surface (youngest) to bottom (oldest) layer for the samples.
Separation, characterization and leaching behaviors of heavy metals in contam...Alexander Decker
The document summarizes a study on the characterization and leaching behaviors of heavy metals in contaminated river sediments. Sequential extraction tests found that heavy metal concentrations exceeded sediment quality standards. Acidic washing and chelation extraction treatments were then tested to remove heavy metals. Acid washing with 2N HCl for 120 minutes achieved the highest removal rates of 70-90% for different heavy metals. Chelation extraction with 0.5M citric acid for 120 minutes removed 36.69% of copper, while 0.5M EDTA for 120 minutes removed 45.83% of lead and 0.5M malic acid for 120 minutes removed 62.1% of zinc. The study concludes that acid washing and chelation agent extraction
Separation, characterization and leaching behaviors of heavy metals in contam...Alexander Decker
This document discusses a study on the separation, characterization, and leaching behaviors of heavy metals in contaminated river sediments. The study involved analyzing sediment samples from rivers in central Taiwan to understand the concentration and chemical forms of heavy metals present, including copper, lead, zinc, nickel, and chromium. Sequential extraction tests showed most metals exceeded sediment quality standards. Acid washing experiments found heavy metal removal efficiencies were highest for nickel, zinc, lead, copper, and chromium when washed with HCl for 120 minutes. Results indicate some metals exist in residual forms in sediments but become more exchangeable after washing, increasing bioavailability.
The document summarizes a study that was conducted to determine sources of water pollution in Appiakrom community, Ghana. The study examined a dam, pond, and two boreholes used by the community. Laboratory analysis of water samples found that the dam, which supplies water to the district, had been polluted by anthropogenic activities. The rusty nature of one borehole was attributed to underground parent materials. The pond interfaced with the dam, and pollution could flow between the two sources. The authors recommend blocking channels between the pond and dam, and practicing zero-fertilizer farming near the dam to reduce pollution.
04 tm origin of sandstone tanzania session-8Monatom Mgl
(1) The document discusses uranium mineralization found in sandstone deposits in Selous Game Reserve in Tanzania and the environmental issues surrounding potential uranium mining in the area.
(2) Baseline studies were conducted to measure background radiation levels in soils, sediments, water, food crops, and vegetation to establish preliminary radiation levels before any mining occurs.
(3) The studies found slightly elevated uranium and thorium levels in some samples near the Mkuju River but generally radiation levels were comparable to control samples. These baseline measurements will be used to evaluate potential environmental impacts if the mine becomes operational.
Similar to Heavy Metals in Sediment from Alvarado Lagoon System in Veracruz, México (20)
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
artificial intelligence and data science contents.pptxGauravCar
What is artificial intelligence? Artificial intelligence is the ability of a computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks that are commonly associated with the intellectual processes characteristic of humans, such as the ability to reason.
› ...
Artificial intelligence (AI) | Definitio
Null Bangalore | Pentesters Approach to AWS IAMDivyanshu
#Abstract:
- Learn more about the real-world methods for auditing AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) as a pentester. So let us proceed with a brief discussion of IAM as well as some typical misconfigurations and their potential exploits in order to reinforce the understanding of IAM security best practices.
- Gain actionable insights into AWS IAM policies and roles, using hands on approach.
#Prerequisites:
- Basic understanding of AWS services and architecture
- Familiarity with cloud security concepts
- Experience using the AWS Management Console or AWS CLI.
- For hands on lab create account on [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
# Scenario Covered:
- Basics of IAM in AWS
- Implementing IAM Policies with Least Privilege to Manage S3 Bucket
- Objective: Create an S3 bucket with least privilege IAM policy and validate access.
- Steps:
- Create S3 bucket.
- Attach least privilege policy to IAM user.
- Validate access.
- Exploiting IAM PassRole Misconfiguration
-Allows a user to pass a specific IAM role to an AWS service (ec2), typically used for service access delegation. Then exploit PassRole Misconfiguration granting unauthorized access to sensitive resources.
- Objective: Demonstrate how a PassRole misconfiguration can grant unauthorized access.
- Steps:
- Allow user to pass IAM role to EC2.
- Exploit misconfiguration for unauthorized access.
- Access sensitive resources.
- Exploiting IAM AssumeRole Misconfiguration with Overly Permissive Role
- An overly permissive IAM role configuration can lead to privilege escalation by creating a role with administrative privileges and allow a user to assume this role.
- Objective: Show how overly permissive IAM roles can lead to privilege escalation.
- Steps:
- Create role with administrative privileges.
- Allow user to assume the role.
- Perform administrative actions.
- Differentiation between PassRole vs AssumeRole
Try at [killercoda.com](https://killercoda.com/cloudsecurity-scenario/)
An improved modulation technique suitable for a three level flying capacitor ...IJECEIAES
This research paper introduces an innovative modulation technique for controlling a 3-level flying capacitor multilevel inverter (FCMLI), aiming to streamline the modulation process in contrast to conventional methods. The proposed
simplified modulation technique paves the way for more straightforward and
efficient control of multilevel inverters, enabling their widespread adoption and
integration into modern power electronic systems. Through the amalgamation of
sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) with a high-frequency square wave
pulse, this controlling technique attains energy equilibrium across the coupling
capacitor. The modulation scheme incorporates a simplified switching pattern
and a decreased count of voltage references, thereby simplifying the control
algorithm.
Software Engineering and Project Management - Introduction, Modeling Concepts...Prakhyath Rai
Introduction, Modeling Concepts and Class Modeling: What is Object orientation? What is OO development? OO Themes; Evidence for usefulness of OO development; OO modeling history. Modeling
as Design technique: Modeling, abstraction, The Three models. Class Modeling: Object and Class Concept, Link and associations concepts, Generalization and Inheritance, A sample class model, Navigation of class models, and UML diagrams
Building the Analysis Models: Requirement Analysis, Analysis Model Approaches, Data modeling Concepts, Object Oriented Analysis, Scenario-Based Modeling, Flow-Oriented Modeling, class Based Modeling, Creating a Behavioral Model.
Design and optimization of ion propulsion dronebjmsejournal
Electric propulsion technology is widely used in many kinds of vehicles in recent years, and aircrafts are no exception. Technically, UAVs are electrically propelled but tend to produce a significant amount of noise and vibrations. Ion propulsion technology for drones is a potential solution to this problem. Ion propulsion technology is proven to be feasible in the earth’s atmosphere. The study presented in this article shows the design of EHD thrusters and power supply for ion propulsion drones along with performance optimization of high-voltage power supply for endurance in earth’s atmosphere.
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...shadow0702a
This document serves as a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to effectively use PyCharm for remote debugging of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on a local Windows machine. It meticulously outlines several critical steps in the process, starting with the crucial task of enabling permissions, followed by the installation and configuration of WSL.
The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process.
The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoring
Heavy Metals in Sediment from Alvarado Lagoon System in Veracruz, México
1. International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology (IJEAB) Vol-2, Issue-3, May-Jun- 2017
http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijeab/2.3.26 ISSN: 2456-1878
www.ijeab.com Page | 1209
Heavy Metals in Sediment from Alvarado
Lagoon System in Veracruz, México
María del Refugio Castañeda-Chávez, Fabiola Lango-Reynoso, Gabycarmen Navarrete-
Rodríguez
Tecnológico Nacional de México /Instituto Tecnológico de Boca del Río, Carretera Veracruz, Boca del Río, Veracruz,
México
Abstract— Heavy metals are one of the main sources of
pollution in sediment in coastal lagoons in Mexico. The
presence of metals in sediments of these aquatic bodies,
are an indicator that allows us to know the environmental
quality of ecosystems and the risk it poses to public health.
This, due to consumption of aquatic organisms that have
direct contact with the sediment when inhabiting the
bottom of the lagoon system. The objective of this research
was to determine the concentration of Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr and
Co in the Alvarado lagoon complex in Veracruz, Mexico.
Sediments of 41 sampling stations were analyzed.
Sediment digestion for the analysis of heavy metals was
carried out in a CEM Microwave Accelerated Reaction
System, Model MARS 5®. The concentrations levels of the
metals were analyzed by atomic absorption through flame
spectrophotometry on a Thermo Cientific 3500 Model AA
Ice System. The presence of the five metals were found in
all 41 analyzed stations. The Co presented the maximum
concentration with 9.53 μg g-1. Concentrations were
within the limits established by international legislation
with the exception of Cd. However, continuous analyzes
should be carried out in this study area to ensure the
environmental quality of sediments as a final deposit site
for persistent organic pollutants. The above as a result of
different productive activities that impact this area of
study.
Keywords— Affinity and particle size, bioavailability,
risk, public health, temporality.
I. INTRODUCTION
Heavy metals and trace elements are incorporated into
aquatic ecosystems from natural and anthropogenic
sources [1]. These are considered as one of the most
important environmental pollutants due to their toxicity
and persistence, as well as being little biodegradable
elements that accumulate in the tissues of aquatic
organisms. They are also responsible for contributing and
generating biomagnification processes [1, 2]. Research
showed the presence of these elements in aquatic
ecosystems such as lagoon systems of the Gulf of Mexico
[3, 4, 5, 6].
In coastal lagoons, pollutants undergo a series of
transformations, such as precipitation, flocculation and
sedimentation, before finally reaching the sea. However,
these processes may lead to increased toxicity of these
compounds, as well as increasing their residence time in
the water column and their toxicity in organisms inhabiting
these ecosystems [5,6].
In the process of transporting heavy metals to the sea, they
suffer different physical and chemical transformations,
such as precipitation from the water column, sedimentation
and final adsorption, in sediments that make them
bioavailable for aquatic life forms [ 7].
Therefore, an analysis of sediments and aquatic biota is an
efficient way to evaluate hydrophobic pollutants present in
these bodies; which also have a low solubility in water,
high solubility in lipids and a strong tendency to absorb
organic matter in soil and sediment [8]. Metals produce
severe damage when ingested at concentrations greater
than the tolerance limits of organisms [7]. Heavy metals
are contaminants that accumulate in organisms that inhabit
sediments and, that being the case, can be transferred to
higher trophic levels, through the food chain. The above
reflects a risk to public health [1, 6, 7, 9]. Therefore, it is
necessary to know the environmental quality of sediments
given its effect on various trophic levels and the transport
of pollutants. The objective of this work was to determine
the concentration of heavy metals in sediment of the
Alvarado lagoon system, Veracruz, Mexico.
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1. Study area
The Alvarado Lagoon System (CLA) is located southeast
of the state of Veracruz at coordinates 18°44'00 and
18°52'15 North Latitude and 95°44'00 and 95°57'00
Western Longitude [10]. This system is located 70 km
southeast of the port of Veracruz and is at an elevation of
10 m above sea level [11, 12].
This lagoon-estuarine system is composed of more than
100 brackish coastal lagoons and seasonally flooded areas,
among which are the lagoon bodies of Alvarado,
Camaronera and Buen País, as well as interior lagoons of
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Pajarillos, Popuyeca, El embarcadero, among others.
(Figure 1). The entire lagoon body has an extension of
6200 ha and a maximum width of 4.5m [12, 13]. The main
contributions of water to the system are the Papaloapan,
Acula, Blanco and Limón rivers [14].
2.2. Collection and treatment of samples
Sediment sampling was performed during dry season from
April to June, samples were collected at 41 stations to
determine Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr and Co. Samples were collected
with a dredge and stored in polyethylene bags to be
transported to laboratory at temperatures of 5°C, then these
were preserved in freezing. The collected samples were
lyophilized with a Thermo Savant Modulyo D-114 kit for
72 hours at -49°C and a vacuum pressure of 36x10-3 mbar.
These were stored in sealed bags, milled with a mortar and
pestle to a fine particle size, then homogenized with No.
30 sieve with a 595 μm aperture.
2.3. Analysis of sediment samples
The sediment digestion prior to analysis of heavy metals
was performed in a CEM Microwave Accelerated
Reaction System, Model MARS 5®, in which samples
were submitted to a digestion process according to the
EPA method [15].
To perform digestion on microwave equipment, 0.5 g of
the samples were taken, placed in an HP-500 Teflon
beaker to which was added a 9.0 ml volume of 90%
reactive grade nitric acid. This process was performed at a
temperature of 190°C. Each group was accompanied with
a blank sample and a reference control. After digestion
was completed, samples were filtered with the support of a
Nalgene bottle with Millipore® nitrocellulose 0.45 μm
filters. The resulting filtrate was then placed in a 25 ml
volumetric flask to be calibrated with Milli-Q® quality
deionized water. The already calibrated samples were
transferred to amber bottles and stored at a temperature of
4°C for subsequent quantification of the concentrations of
Cd, Cu, Cr and Co. Those concentrations were determined
by atomic absorption by flame spectrophotometry on a
Thermo Cientific 3500 Model AA Ice System
(ThermoCientific®, China) and Pb was determined by the
220 Z Graphite Furnace. Analytical determination of
heavy metals previously mentioned were performed
according to the technique described according to NOM-
117-SSA1-1994 [16].
2.4. Statistic analysis
Concentrations of heavy metals in sediment were analyzed
using the software Statistica 7.0 (StatSoft, Inc. Tulsa,
USA), using the One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
and Tukey Multiple Comparison test.
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Pb, Cd, Cu, Cr and Co presence was detected in all
analyzed stations of the Alvarado Lagoon system (Table
1). Maximum concentrations of metals presented the
following distribution: Co (9.53)> Cr (7.32)> Cd (5.27)>
Cu (5.18)> Pb (2.30 μg g -1
). Variations in concentrations
of metals depend on their physical and chemical
properties, since they can be mobilized and transported in
the ecosystem, as well as represent a risk in the quality of
the same [1,17]. However, there were no statistically
significant differences (p> 0.05) between concentrations of
heavy metals in the stations and metals analyzed (Figure
2), except Cr at station number 28 (7.210 ± 0.155 μg g -1
).
3.1. Lead (Pb)
Pb concentrations obtained in this research showed
significant differences to studies reported by previous
investigations in the area, with a mean value of 27.49 ±
13.65 μg g-1
[18]. Likewise, no statistically significant
differences were obtained in the sampling stations (Table
3).
Regarding Sadiq’s permissible limits (1992) with 5 μg g-1
(Table 1), mean and maximum concentrations obtained in
Alvarado (0.696 ± 0.609 and 2.3 μg g-1
) did not exceed the
reference value (Table 2). However, presence of Pb in
sediment highlights the potential hazard to aquatic
organisms inhabiting lagoon systems [19].
3.2. Cadmium (Cd)
Maximum concentration of Cd was 5.27 μg g-1
, while
mean value was 0.858 ± 1.019 μg g-1
, the latter value being
within the reference range reported in uncontaminated
sediment of 1 and 1.2 μg g-1
[ 20, 21], (Table 2). This
contrasts with what was reported in the Paliza River
located in the state of Campeche, where Cd values
exceeded these established limits [1].
The existence of Cd in the environment is to draw
attention, because its high degree of toxicity and its
presence in sediments is due to a completely
anthropogenic origin by activities where this metal has
been used [1].
3.3. Copper (Cu)
Concentrations obtained for Cu in this study can be
considered as low compared to other studies in lagoon
sediments, in which values of 41.13 and 18 μg g-1
were
obtained [22,8]. As well as the mean value reported for the
Alvarado lagoon with 17.49 ± 4.09 μg g-1
[18].
Variations in Cu levels have been associated with particle
size, where finer sediment particles such as clay had a high
affinity to sediment and provide higher ionic absorption
and attraction. Therefore, the persistence of Cu deposited
in the sediments contributes to these being bioavailable for
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those organisms whose eating habits make them
susceptible to the ingestion of these contaminants [1, 23].
3.4. Chromium (Cr)
Mean concentration of Cr in the present study was 2.161 ±
1.899 μg g-1
(Table 2). This value was lower than that
reported in an earlier research also for the Alvarado lagoon
system in 2005 with a value of 13.75 ± 9.04 μg g-1
[18].
Previous concentrations and those reported in this study
had values below the allowable limit of 20 μg g-1
(Table 2)
for coastal sediments [19].
Variations in concentrations of this metal may be due to
the fact that Cr is characterized by showing a regional
transport pattern due to deposition and erosion regimes
[24].
3.5. Cobalt (Co)
Maximum concentration with respect to the other metals
corresponded to Co with 9.53 μg g-1
, this value exceeded
the concentrations reported for Castillero lagoon in
Venezuela with values of 1.14 and 6.92 μg g-1
[24]. Other
research stated, also in sediment, values of 10.10 ± 1.68 μg
g-1
during autumn, while in winter it was 19.23 ± 2:47 μg
g-1
[25].
Higher concentration of Co may be related to its
characteristics, being a biologically important metal
naturally present in the environment. Cobalt may enter the
environment from both natural sources and human
activities. It occurs naturally in soil, rock, air, water,
plants, and animals. It may enter air and water, and settle
on land from windblown dust, and enter the surface of
water through the runoff when rainwater runs through the
ground [26]. Although this is an essential metal for
organisms in low concentrations, whereas at high
concentrations may be toxic [27]. However, it should also
be highlighted that mean concentration presented a value
of 0.804 ± 1.206 μg g-1
. It should be noted that there is
little research to compare the concentration of Co in
lagoon sediments and there are no permissible limits on its
concentration (Table 2). Only ATSDR [28] established
that concentration of Co in soil varies considerably
between 1 and 40 μg g-1
, with an average of 7 μg g-1
. The
above mentioned highlights the scarce existing knowledge
on the biogeochemical behavior of cobalt in aquatic
systems [19, 29, 30, 31].
IV. CONCLUSION
Sediments in coastal lagoons constitute a site of deposit of
heavy metals, which can form associations with the texture
of the sediment and with other metals. It is therefore
necessary to take samples continuously and with greater
depth. This, as a needed action for better control of Pb, Cd,
Cu, Cr and Co. Apart from having the purpose of
preserving the coastal environment, defining policies and
mitigating agricultural production and energy generation
actvities. And thus avoid greater impact to the
environment.
Regarding the comparison with reference values reported
for uncontaminated sediments and adverse effects to
aquatic biota, it was observed that maximum concentration
of Cd (1 μg g-1) exceeded this value. However, the rest of
the metals Pb, Cu and Cr presented concentrations lower
than this reference with 5, 10 and 20 μg g-1, respectively.
In the case of Co there is no specific limit of reference, but
given the biospecific character of this metal, results in this
research presented values similar to those reported in other
investigations.
There are no clear criteria to establish contamination by
heavy metals of a sediment, because its composition can
be very varied due to the influence of type of granulometry
and the content in organic matter mainly. It is also
highlighted in this study that effective control over the
presence of pollutants in coastal environment such as
rivers and lagoons in Mexico can be associated with
industrial and urban growth. The presence of these
pollutants and the lack of national regulation represent an
environmental and public health risk in Mexico, which has
made it necessary to turn to international standards.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
WE WOULD LIKE TO THANK THE CONSOLIDATED ACADEMIC
GROUP “CIENCIAS ACUÍCOLAS Y PESQUERAS” BY PRODEP:
ITBOR-CA-2, AND TO FISHING COOPERATIVES OF ALVARADO
, VERACRUZ FOR THEIR SUPPORT TO CARRY OUT THE
SAMPLING.
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Table.1: Comparison of mean concentrations of metals in sediment (μg g-1
) of the Alvarado lagoon complex, Veracruz,
Mexico.
Pb Cd Cu Cr Co
Maximum 2.3 5.27 5.18 7.32 9.53
Minimum 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.10 0.020
Mean 0.696 ± 0.609 0.858 ± 1.019 0.688 ± 0.876 2.161 ± 1.899 0.804 ± 1.206
Table.2: Heavy metals permissible limits in coastal sediments (μg g-1
).
Source: [30, 31, 20, 21]. Abbreviations: 1
Effects range low (ERL); 2
Effects range median (ERM); 3
Threshold Effect Level
(TEL); 4
Probable Effect Level (PEL); 5
Reference value for uncontaminated sediment; 6
Value in sediment that produces
biological effects; -- Not established.
Metal
Canadien guidelines (2017) NOAA Guidelines
Sadiq (1992)5
Long et al., (1995)6
ERL1
ERM2
TEL3
PEL4
Pb 46.7 218 30.2 112 5 46.7
Cd 1.2 9.6 0.7 4.2 1 1.2
Cu 34 270 18.7 108 10 34
Cr 81 370 52.3 160 20 81
Co -- -- -- -- -- --
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Fig.1: Sampling stations in the Alvarado lagoon system, Veracruz.
Pb
Cd
Cu
Cr
Co
1 4 7 10 13 16 19 22 25 28 31 34 37 40
Sampling stations
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Concentrationofheavymetals(μgg-1
)
Wilks lambda=.00000, F(200, 189.19)=26.670, p=0.0000
Fig.2: Concentration of heavy metals in sediment (μg g-1
) of the Alvarado lagoon complex, Veracruz, México