The circulatory system transports blood throughout the body via the heart and blood vessels. The heart pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs and oxygenated blood to the rest of the body in separate circuits. Blood contains red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma. It delivers oxygen and nutrients to tissues while removing carbon dioxide and waste. Arteries, veins, and capillaries form a network to transport blood between the heart and body tissues.
A transport system is a means by which materials are moved ('transported') from an exchange surface or exchange surfaces to cells* located throughout the organism.
A transport system is a means by which materials are moved ('transported') from an exchange surface or exchange surfaces to cells* located throughout the organism.
A powerpoint designed for the South African Life Sciences syllabus for grade 11. Includes information about blood and it's transportation, the human heart, the lymph system etc. Hope it helps :)
This presentation is a combination of different slides which I re-purposed. I included a reference of all the slides I used at the end of my presentation.
A powerpoint designed for the South African Life Sciences syllabus for grade 11. Includes information about blood and it's transportation, the human heart, the lymph system etc. Hope it helps :)
This presentation is a combination of different slides which I re-purposed. I included a reference of all the slides I used at the end of my presentation.
The Cardiovascular System Essay
The Circulatory System
The Circulatory System Essay
Circulatory System Essay
The Circulatory System Essays
Circulatory System
The Circulatory System
The Circulatory System
The Cardiovascular System Essay
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
MIP 201T & MPH 202T
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS : UNIT 5
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS By - AKANKSHA ASHTANKAR
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
2. The Circulatory System is
responsible for transporting
materials throughout the entire
body. It transports nutrients,
water, and oxygen to your
billions of body cells and carries
away wastes such as carbon
dioxide that body cells produce.
It is an amazing highway that
travels through your entire body
connecting all your body cells.
5. The heart pumps blood by
contracting and relaxing. It is a
hollow muscular organ. It is
about the size of your fist and
located in the middle of the chest
cavity. It is composed of cardiac
muscles that contract
involuntarily. It is located
between the lungs and protected
by the rib cage.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10. Right Atrium - It receives
deoxygenated blood from the body
Right Ventricle - Receives
deoxygenated blood from the right
atrium and pumps the blood to the
lungs for oxidation
Left Atrium - It receives oxygenated
blood from the right and left lungs
through the pulmonary veins.
Left Ventricle - It receives oxygenated
blood from the left atrium, and
pumps blood to all parts of the
body.
11. Ventricular septum - the wall between
the right and left ventricles of the
heart.
Atrial septum - is the wall of tissue
that separates the right and left
atria of the heart.
Pulmonary vein - is a large blood
vessels that carries blood from the
lungs to the left atrium of the heart.
Pulmonary arteries - carry
deoxygenated blood from the heart
to the lungs.
12. Superior Vena Cava(precava or SVC) -
is truly superior, a large diameter,
yet short, vein that carries
deoxygenated blood from the upper
half of the body to the heart's right
atrium.
Inferior Vena Cava(posterior vena cava
or IVC) - is the large vein that carries
deoxygenated blood from the lower
half of the body to the heart’s right
atrium.
Aorta - is the largest artery in the
body and pumps blood throughout
the body.
13. Tricuspid Valve - is located between
the right atrium and right ventricle
and ensures the flow of blood from
the right atrium into the right
ventricle prevents the reverse.
Mitral valve(bicuspid valve or left
atrioventricular valve) - is a dual-flap
valve in the heart that lies between
the left atrium and the left
ventricle.
Mitral Valve + Tricuspid Valve =
atrioventricular valves.
14. Aortic valve - It is normally tricuspid
(with three leaflets), although in 1%
of the population it is found to be
congenitally bicuspid (two leaflets).
It lies between the left ventricle and
the aorta.
15.
16. Blood is a specialized bodily
fluid in animals that delivers
necessary substances such as
nutrients and oxygen to the
cells and transports metabolic
waste products away from
those same cells.
Blood is also known as the
“Red River Of Life”
17. Blood is responsible for…..
› Transporting gases (oxygen & carbon
dioxide)
› Transporting waste products
› Transporting nutrients
› Helping remove toxins from the body
18. • Blood makes up 6–8% of our
total body weight.
• Normal adult blood volume is 5 L.
• Blood is made up of cellular
material in a fluid called plasma.
19. Transports oxygen from lungs to
body
Transports carbon dioxide from the
tissue back to the lungs
Transports nutrients from the
digestive tract to the tissue
Transports wastes and excess water
the tissue to the kidneys
Transports antibodies to the tissues
Helps regulate body temperature
20.
21. Solid Parts: Red Blood Cells, White Blood Cells, and Platelets
Liquid Part: Plasma
22.
23. Red blood cells (also referred to as
erythrocytes) are the most common
type of blood cell. It contains an iron
compound called hemoglobin which
give them their red color. The RBC
transports oxygen from the lungs to
different cells of the body and
carbon dioxide as waste product
which they carry back to the lungs
where it is expelled.
24. White blood cells(also referred to as
Leucocytes) act as soldiers of the
body. They travel in the blood
stream but do most of their work in
the tissue. The approximate white
blood cells in the blood should a
person have is 5 000 to 10 000
per cubic millimeter of blood. It is
produced in the lymph nodes, spleen
and bone narrow.
25. Neutrophils – ingest and kill
bacteria
Lymphocytes – produce
antibodies to fight foreign cells
Monocytes- are large scavenger
cells that clear tissue spaces of
dead and foreign matter
26. Platelets, or thrombocytes are small,
irregularly shaped clear cell fragments,
2–3 µm in diameter, which are
derived from fragmentation of
precursor megakaryocytes. The
average lifespan of a platelet is
normally just 5 to 9 days. Platelets
are a natural source of growth factors.
It the agent of blood clotting
27.
28. Plasma is the liquid part which
comprises 55% of blood. Plasma
caries antibodies to the tissue,
transports waste material from
the body cells to the lungs, liver,
kidneys; it contains fibrinogen
which helps the blood clot when
the blood gets injured.
29. 92% - Water
7% - Proteins
1% - Albumins, Globulins,
Fibrinogen; and some
Inorganic Salt and some
Organic substances
30. Blood Type
Can donate
blood to
Can receive
blood from
A A & AB A & O
B B & AB B & O
AB AB A, B, AB & O
O A, B, AB & O O
31.
32. The blood vessels are
the part of the
circulatory system
that transports blood
throughout the body.
36. An artery is an elastic blood vessel
that transports blood away from
the heart. Arterioles is the
smallest arteries and they play a
vital role in microcirculation.
Microcirculation deals with the
circulation of blood from
arterioles to capillaries to venules
(the smallest veins).
37. Pulmonary arteries - carry blood
from the heart to the lungs where
the blood picks up oxygen. The
oxygen rich blood is then returned
to the heart via the pulmonary
veins.
Systemic arteries - deliver blood to
the rest of the body. The aorta is
the main systemic artery and the
largest artery of the body
38.
39. Tunica adventitia or
outer layer of fibrous
tissue
Tunica media or
middle layer of
smooth muscle and
elastic tissue
Tunica intima or
inner lining of
squamous epithelium
called endothelium.
40. A vein is an elastic blood
vessel that transports
blood from various regions
of the body to the heart.
Venules is the smallest
veins in the body.
41. Pulmonary veins - carry oxygenated blood
from the lungs to the left atrium of the
heart.
Systemic veins - return deoxygenated blood
from the rest of the body to the right
atrium of the heart.
Superficial veins - are located close to the
surface of the skin and are not located
near a corresponding artery.
Deep veins - are located deep within muscle
tissue and are typically located near a
corresponding artery with the same name
(for example coronary arteries and veins).
42. A capillary is an extremely small
blood vessel located within the
tissues of the body, that transports
blood from arteries to veins.
Capillaries are most abundant in
tissues and organs that are
metabolically active. For example,
muscle tissues and the kidneys have
a greater amount of capillary
networks than do connective tissues.
43.
44. The heart
pumps blood
into two
anatomically
separate
systems of
blood vessels.
the pulmonary
circulation
The systemic
circulation
45. Systemic circulation is the part of the
cardiovascular system which carries
oxygenated blood away from the heart
to the body, and returns deoxygenated
blood back to the heart. This
physiologic theory of circulation was
first described by William Harvey. This
term is opposed and contrasted to the
term pulmonary circulation first
proposed by Ibn al-Nafis.
46. Pulmonary circulation is the
portion of the cardiovascular
system which carries
oxygen-depleted blood away
from the heart, to the lungs,
and returns oxygenated
blood back to the heart.
47. Inferiorly— the apex
rests on the central
tendon of the
diaphragm
Superiorly—the
great blood vessels,
i.e. The aorta,
Superior vena cava,
pulmonary artery
and pulmonary veins
48. Posteriorly—the
oesophagus,
trachea, left and
right bronchus,
descending aorta,
inferior vena cava
and thoracic
vertebrae
Laterally—the
lungs—the left
lung overlaps the
left side of the
heart
49.
50. The heart is
composed of three
layers of tissue:
Pericardium,
Myocardium and
endocardium.
51.
52.
53. The pericardium is made up of two sacs.
The outer sac Consists of fibrous tissue
and the inner of a continuous Double
layer of serous membrane.
54.
55. The outer layer of the serous membrane,
the parietal pericardium.
The inner layer, the visceral
pericardium, or epicardium.
56. The serous membrane consists of
flattened epithelial cells. It secretes
serous fluid into the space between the
visceral and parietal layers which
allows smooth movement between
them when the heartbeats.
57. The myocardium is composed of
specialised cardiac muscle found only in
the heart.
It is not under voluntary control but, like
skeletal muscle, cross stripes are seen on
microscopic examination.
58.
59. When an impulse is initiated it spreads
from cell to cell via the branches and
intercalated discs over the whole
‘sheet’ of muscle, causing contraction.
The 'sheet’ arrangement Of the
myocardium enables the atria and
ventricles to Contract in a coordinated
and efficient manner
60. This forms the lining of the
myocardium and the heart valves. It
is a thin, smooth, glistening membrane
which permits smooth flow of blood
inside the heart.
It consists of flattened epithelial cells,
continuous with the endothelium that
lines the blood vessels.