Introduction to community health nursing

1. Community
Health Nursing
Introduction
Prepared by: A.U Imam

3. Community Health Nursing
Related Definitions
• Health: The state of complete physical, mental and
social well-being, not merely the absence of
disease (WHO)
• Health care: It implies a broad spectrum of services
including primary health care, integrated
preventive and therapeutic services as well as
control of environmental hazards

4. Community Health Nursing
Related Definitions
• Community:
A community is a social group determined by
geographical boundaries and/ or common value
and interest
A group of people sharing basic life features as
geographical boundaries, working conditions and
environment, common interests and health
problems.

5. Community Health Nursing
Related Definitions (continued)
• Human health: Individual and group health is
determined by:
 Human biology
 Surrounding environment
 Community lifestyle and ways of life
 Health care system
• Community health: refers to the health status of
members of the community

6. Public Health Definition
Public health is the Science and Art of :
• preventing disease,
• prolonging life,
• promoting health and efficiency through
organized community effort.
(Winslow, 1920)

7. Definition of Community
Health (ANA,2000 ）
• Community health nursing is a synthesis of
nursing and public health practice applied to
promoting and preserving the health of
populations.
• Treat “ Population as a Whole”
• Focus on individual, family, groups, community
• Utilizing Health promotion, health
maintenance, health education, and
management, coordination, and continuity of
care for meeting population needs.

8. COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING
DEFINITION:-
Community health nursing is a synthesis of nursing practice and public
health practice applied in promoting and preserving the health of
populations.
• The nature of this practice is general and comprehensive. It is not
limited to a particular age or diagnosis group.
• It is a continuous and not episodic.
• The dominant responsibility is to the population as a whole.
• Therefore, nursing directed to individual, families or groups contributes
to the health of the total population.

9. OBJECTIVES OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING
 To increase capability of individuals, families, groups and community to
deal with their own health and nursing problems.
 To strengthen community resources.
 To control and counteract environment
 To prevent and control communicable and non communicable diseases.
 To provide specialized services for mothers, children, adults, worker,
elderly handicapped to eligible couples etc.

10.  To conduct research
 To participate in preparing health personnel to function in
community for community health care services.
 To supervise, guide and health personnel in carrying out their
function effectively.

11. Concepts of Community and
Concepts of Health
• Community: A collection of people who interact with one
another and who have common characteristics that form the
basis for a sense of belonging.
• Population: All the people occupying an area or all those
sharing one or more characteristics (Allender & Spradley 2001)
• Difference between population and community: Population
do not necessarily interact with one another and do not
necessarily share a sense of belonging to that group.
• Health: holistic state of well-being which includes soundness
of mind, body and spirit (Allender & Spradley 2001)
• Wellness: The definition of health + the capacity to develop a
person’s potential to lead a fulfilling and productive life that
can be measured in terms of quality of life ( Harper and
Lambert 1994)

12. Community Health
Nursing
• It is a field of nursing
• It combines public health and nursing
• It focus in population and
environment factors that may impact
to people’s health
• It emphasize in health promotion,
illness prevention, and wellness

13. Characteristics of
Community Health Nursing
• It promotes client responsibility and self-care
• It uses aggregate measurement and
analysis
• It use principle of organizational theory
• It involves inter-professional collaboration.

14. scope
• Home care
• Nursing homes
• Mch and family planning
• School health nursing
• Community health nursing services
• Industrial nursing services

15. • Domicillary nursing services
• Mental health nursing services
• Geriatric nursing services

16. principles
• Established activity based on needs
• It is an agency has defined goals
• Depends on representative of the community
• Available to entire population
• Family as a unit of service
• Health education and councelling

17. • Community participation
• Qualified person as a full fledged nurse
• Continuity of the services
• Periodic and continuing appraisal
• Serve as Important member of the community
• Supervision of community services

18. • Does not provide any material relief
• Should not accept any gift
• Should not belongs to any political group
• it has Continuing education programme
• Professional development
• Develop proper guidelines in maintaining records
and reports

19. • Proper facilities and job conditions
• Maintain professional relationship and ethics

20. Public Health is for:
• The sanitation of environment,
• The control of communicable infections,
• The education of the individual in personal hygiene,
• The organization of medical and nursing services for
The early diagnosis and preventive treatment of
disease, and
• The development of the social machinery to insure
everyone a standard of living adequate for the
maintenance of health ,
Healthy Life Style and Longevity .

21. Community Health
Practice
Health Promotion
1. Increase the
span of healthy
life for all citizens
2. Reduce health
disparities among
population groups
3. Achieve access to
preventive services
for everyone.

22. Roles of Community Health Nurses
Nurse
s
Clinician
Educator
Advocate
Manager
Collaborato
r
Leadership
Researcher

23. Characteristics of
community health nursing
• it is a field of nursing
• it combines public health with nursing
• it is population-focused
• it emphasizes wellness
• it involves interdisciplinary collaboration
• it promotes clients’ responsibility and self care

24. Components of Community Health
Practice
Six basic components
1. Promotion of health: The most important
component of public health and community
health practice ( Sourtzi et al. 1996; US
department of health and human services
1998)
2. Prevention of health problems
3. Treatment of disorders
4. Rehabilitation
5. Evaluation
6. Research

25. Setting for community health nursing
practice
• homes
• ambulatory service settings
• schools
• occupational health setting
• residential institutions
• the community at large

27. Opportunity for Future
Community Health Nursing
• Chronic Disease management
• Home Care
• Extended care from Acute care setting
• Elderly care
• Rehabilitation care in different population
• Health promotion in every level
• Health system referral, emphasize individual
role and function of community health sector

28. Factors Influencing CHN
Development in Society
1. Advanced Technology:
 By improving lifestyle, health care and nutrition, it has
increased life expectancy
2. Progress in causal thinking and diagnosis
especially in epidemiology
3. Changes in education
4. Changing role of women
5. Consumer Movement and changing
demographics
6. Economic forces