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1 introduction to community health nursing.pptx
- 1. Unit I:Introduction toCommunity Health Nursing
- 2. Objectives At the completionof this unit, students will be able to: • Define Community , Community health, and Community health nursing • Describe the philosophy of Community Health Nursing. • Discuss the concepts of health, wellness, illness and disease. • Discuss the roles of the Community Health Nurse in community settings • Discuss the historical background of Community Health Nursing from Public Health Nursing. • Describe Urban & rural communities
- 3. Community • Social group •Determined by geographical boundaries • Common values , interests Its members interact with each other .it functions within particular social structure has certain norms values and social institution . An individual represent community through its family
- 4. Functions of Community •To determine the use of space for living and other purposes • To make available the means for production and distribution of necessary goods and services. • To protect and conserve the health, life resources and property of individual. • To educate and acculturate newcomers e.g. children and immigrants. • To transmit ideas information and beliefs. • To provide opportunities for interaction between individuals and groups.
- 5. Health • WHO definesHealth as state of complete physical mental and social well being and not merely absence of disease or infirmity
- 6. Community Health • Accordingto WHO community health refer to the health status of the members of the community, to the problem affecting their health, and totality of health care provided for the community.
- 7. Purpose of CommunityHealth • To ascertain the nature and extent of disease and disability in the community To take suitable measures to: • Promote healthful living • Prevent disabilities • Correct remedial defects • Treat illness & Rehabilitate those with handicap
- 8. Cont… • To evaluatethe progress and success of current Programmes • To conduct research • To provide the necessary organization of medical care, health care , nursing care required to deal with community ill health • To educate the public in prevention of health hazards
- 9. Objectives of CommunityHealth • Increasing the average span of human life • Decreasing the mortality(death) rate • Decreasing the morbidity(disease) rate • Increasing the physical , mental and social wellbeing of individual • Increasing the space of adjustment of the individual to his environment • Providing total health care to enrich quality of life
- 10. Community Health Nursing •Community health nursing is a synthesis of nursing and public health practice applied to promoting and preserving the health of people. The practice is general and comprehensive. It is not limited to a particular age group or diagnosis and is continuing, not episodic. ANA (1960)
- 12. Philosophy of CommunityHealth Nursing Following concepts are basic to the philosophy of Community Health Nursing : • Every one regardless of race , creed ,sex or sexual preference has a right to good health and a long productive life • Everyone has some kind of health learning need • Health and health care enable a society to be productive and perpetuate culture , which affects the standard of living of its people • Health is dynamic adjustment of humans to their environment
- 13. Cont…. • Systems (individual, family community ) move up and down the wellness continuum • The major purpose of community health nursing is to help systems attain, maintain or regain high level of wellness • Community health nursing accomplishes this goal of using systematic process • Over time health knowledge and technology evolve to meet changing health needs • Community health nursing remains an effective force in society by utilizing and participating in the development of health knowledge and technology
- 14. Goals of communityHealth Nursing • Health Promotion • Health Maintenance • Prevention of illness • Restoration of health
- 15. Characteristics of CHN •The client or “unit of care” is the population. • The primary obligation is to achieve the greatest good for the greatest number of people or the population as a whole. • The processes used by public health nurses include working with the clients as an equal partner. • Primary prevention is the priority in selecting appropriate activities. • Selecting strategies that create healthy environmental, social, and economic conditions
- 16. Cont… • There isan obligation to actively reach out to all who might benefit from a specific activity or service. • Optimal use of available resources to assure the best overall improvement in the health of the population is a key element of the practice. • Collaboration with a variety of other professions, organizations, and entities is the most effective way to promote and protect the health of people.
- 17. Roles of CommunityHealth Nurse • Client-oriented roles • Delivery-oriented roles • Population-oriented roles
- 18. Client oriented roles •Caregiver • Educator • Counselor • Referral resource • Role model • Advocate • Primary care provider • Case manager
- 19. Delivery Oriented Roles •Coordinator/Care manager • Collaborator • Liaison
- 20. Population oriented Roles •Case finder • Leader • Change agent • Community developer • Coalition builder • Researcher
- 21. Urban community Urban Communityis a society that is in urban area (Town or city) An urban community is a big city or town. It is considered urban community if the number of people per square mile is more than 2500. Urban communities are often busy and crowded. Normally the city bears the most central location in the region. It is also called downtown. Urban community is more developed having a defined infrastructure, and possesses more resources like schools, colleges, hospitals, communication system , well developed transport system, availability of labor,
- 22. Rural Community • Theseare communities faraway from cities and located in the remote areas. • Community where houses are far apart, there are a smaller number of people, and you may see farms and forests • According to the US Census Bureau, a rural community is one that does not qualify the requirement of an urban community.
- 23. Historical background ofcommunity Health Nursing • Home Care nursing (Before mid 1800s) • Focus: Sick and Poor • Nursing orientation: individuals. • Services: curative • Agencies: lay & religious orders • District Nursing(Mid 1800s to 1900) • Focus: Sick and poor • Nursing orientation: individuals • Services: curative & prevention • Agencies: voluntary & some government
- 24. Cont…. • Public HealthNursing- (1900-1970) • Focus: Needy public • Nursing Orientation: Families • Services: Curative and Preventive • Agencies: Government & some voluntary • Community Health Nursing(1970 to present) • Focus: Total community • Nursing orientation: population • Services: Health promotion; illness prevention • Agencies: Many kinds; some independent practice
- 26. From 1970 topresent Practice setting community based clinics, doctor’s office, work sites, schools, etc, to provide a label that encompassed all nurses in the community. • The confusion was laid in distinguishing between public health nursing and community health nursing. • Washington DC 1984 concluded that community health nursing was the broader term referring to all nurses practicing in the community regardless of their educational preparation. • Public health nursing, viewed as a part of community health nursing, was described as generalist practice for nurses prepared with basic public health content at the baccalaureate level
- 27. Concept of IllnessDisease & Wellness • DISEASE • ‘‘Disease is a health problem that consists of a physiological malfunction that results in an actual or potential reduction in physical capacities and/or a reduced life expectancy’’
- 28. Illness • ILLNESS: Illnessis a phenomenon in which one or more natural functions of the body are so disturbed that the affected individual cannot meet the natural requirements of everyday life .it is a state in which equilibrium of the body and its function are disturbed .if the disturbance is sever and its duration is not long the person is said to be actually ill. If, on the other hand the illness continues for a long duration without disability, the affected person is said to be chronically ill.
- 29. Cont… • WELLNESS: isan active process of becoming aware of and making choices toward a healthy and fulfilling life. "...a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity."