The document discusses how to create lasting impact through properly defining goals and measuring outcomes. It advises that goals should reflect the true welfare of the system being measured and outcomes should seek to understand the real change created by separating what happened with an intervention from what would have happened without it. Lastly, it lists questions to consider when assessing the potential impact of a thing, such as whether it is needed, if it works, if it will reach those who need it, and if it will be used correctly.