This technical bulletin provides guidelines for installing HDPE pipe through trench or embankment construction. Proper installation practices including suitable backfill material and compaction are essential for the pipe to perform as intended. The document outlines recommendations for excavating a stable trench, preparing the bedding and foundation, backfilling in layers and compacting to at least 90% density to provide uniform support. Following these guidelines helps distribute loads evenly and prevent excessive pipe deflection.
Slope Stability Measure For Basement Excavation, A Case Study on Office Build...Andy Sugianto
The document summarizes a case study of slope stability measures used during the excavation for an office building basement in Bandung, Indonesia. Initially, a retaining system using a steel and wood structure failed during heavy rains, causing a slope failure that damaged the retaining system and an adjacent building. To stabilize the slope, the excavation was backfilled temporarily. A permanent soldier pile wall with soil nails and cement grouting was then installed but could not reach the required depth due to construction limitations. Inclinometers installed in the soldier piles monitored small amounts of lateral deformation during construction, indicating the stabilized slope was safe.
SUPERCAP is a self-leveling cement product used to cap interior concrete surfaces from 1/8 to 1 1/2 inches thick. It can accept flooring installation in as little as 7 days and provides a smooth, level surface without the need for traditional finishing techniques like power troweling. SUPERCAP is moisture and damage resistant, walkable within hours, and can withstand construction traffic for up to a year before flooring installation. It applies over properly prepared concrete at least 3 days old with a moisture content of 95% or less.
This document provides instructions for installing underground graphite reinforced plastic (GRP) pipes. It describes how to transport, store, prepare, and lay the pipes in trenches. Key steps include handling pipes carefully to avoid damage, preparing pipe ends with couplings at the storage area, and using lubricant and pullers to join pipes in the trench. Backfilling should start immediately using approved granular materials in thin layers, compacting as the fill rises to properly support the pipes.
This document discusses good construction practices related to concrete, brickwork, mortar, plastering and surface preparation. Some key points discussed include:
- Curing of concrete is important for strength and durability and should be done for the entire curing period.
- Mortar plays a crucial role in bonding masonry units together and sealing the structure. Factors like bonding strength, workability and curing conditions affect mortar properties.
- Proper surface preparation like hacking, applying a spatter dash or wetting absorptive surfaces is important for achieving a good bond between plaster and the substrate.
The document provides guidance on ensuring quality in construction. It emphasizes the importance of being quality conscious and checking quality at all stages of construction from foundation to finishes. This includes checking materials like bricks, sand, cement and timber for quality, as well as construction techniques like reinforcement lapping, damp proofing, and proper compaction. Ensuring quality in construction is essential for withstanding external forces and building sustainably.
SUPERCAP is a cement-based, self-leveling underlayment used to finish and level concrete floors before installing flooring. It can be applied over concrete, wood, and other rigid subfloors 1/4 to 2 inches thick. SUPERCAP dries quickly and flooring can be installed in as little as 1-3 days. It helps create a smooth, level surface and eliminates the need for power troweling concrete.
SUPERCAP FAST is a cement-based, self-leveling underlayment that develops high early strength. It can be applied over concrete, wood, and other rigid flooring substrates 1 day to 5 days before installing flooring. SUPERCAP FAST has advantages like early walkability within 2-4 hours, ability to install flooring after 1 day at 1/4" thickness, and contributing no mold growth. It has high compressive and bond strengths according to tests. The document provides instructions on mixing and applying SUPERCAP FAST over various substrate types.
Join Andy Lister and Michael McQuaid for an introduction to the design basics behind Geosynthetics and MSE Walls!
The presenters will begin by introducing different geosynthetics and their uses, followed by focusing on geogrid properties and what you need to know when selecting and specifying different geogrids. You will then learn about how mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) retaining walls work. This will include general design requirements, through the review of potential failure modes. The presenters will finish by discussing different MSE retaining wall facing options while highlighting successful past projects.
Slope Stability Measure For Basement Excavation, A Case Study on Office Build...Andy Sugianto
The document summarizes a case study of slope stability measures used during the excavation for an office building basement in Bandung, Indonesia. Initially, a retaining system using a steel and wood structure failed during heavy rains, causing a slope failure that damaged the retaining system and an adjacent building. To stabilize the slope, the excavation was backfilled temporarily. A permanent soldier pile wall with soil nails and cement grouting was then installed but could not reach the required depth due to construction limitations. Inclinometers installed in the soldier piles monitored small amounts of lateral deformation during construction, indicating the stabilized slope was safe.
SUPERCAP is a self-leveling cement product used to cap interior concrete surfaces from 1/8 to 1 1/2 inches thick. It can accept flooring installation in as little as 7 days and provides a smooth, level surface without the need for traditional finishing techniques like power troweling. SUPERCAP is moisture and damage resistant, walkable within hours, and can withstand construction traffic for up to a year before flooring installation. It applies over properly prepared concrete at least 3 days old with a moisture content of 95% or less.
This document provides instructions for installing underground graphite reinforced plastic (GRP) pipes. It describes how to transport, store, prepare, and lay the pipes in trenches. Key steps include handling pipes carefully to avoid damage, preparing pipe ends with couplings at the storage area, and using lubricant and pullers to join pipes in the trench. Backfilling should start immediately using approved granular materials in thin layers, compacting as the fill rises to properly support the pipes.
This document discusses good construction practices related to concrete, brickwork, mortar, plastering and surface preparation. Some key points discussed include:
- Curing of concrete is important for strength and durability and should be done for the entire curing period.
- Mortar plays a crucial role in bonding masonry units together and sealing the structure. Factors like bonding strength, workability and curing conditions affect mortar properties.
- Proper surface preparation like hacking, applying a spatter dash or wetting absorptive surfaces is important for achieving a good bond between plaster and the substrate.
The document provides guidance on ensuring quality in construction. It emphasizes the importance of being quality conscious and checking quality at all stages of construction from foundation to finishes. This includes checking materials like bricks, sand, cement and timber for quality, as well as construction techniques like reinforcement lapping, damp proofing, and proper compaction. Ensuring quality in construction is essential for withstanding external forces and building sustainably.
SUPERCAP is a cement-based, self-leveling underlayment used to finish and level concrete floors before installing flooring. It can be applied over concrete, wood, and other rigid subfloors 1/4 to 2 inches thick. SUPERCAP dries quickly and flooring can be installed in as little as 1-3 days. It helps create a smooth, level surface and eliminates the need for power troweling concrete.
SUPERCAP FAST is a cement-based, self-leveling underlayment that develops high early strength. It can be applied over concrete, wood, and other rigid flooring substrates 1 day to 5 days before installing flooring. SUPERCAP FAST has advantages like early walkability within 2-4 hours, ability to install flooring after 1 day at 1/4" thickness, and contributing no mold growth. It has high compressive and bond strengths according to tests. The document provides instructions on mixing and applying SUPERCAP FAST over various substrate types.
Join Andy Lister and Michael McQuaid for an introduction to the design basics behind Geosynthetics and MSE Walls!
The presenters will begin by introducing different geosynthetics and their uses, followed by focusing on geogrid properties and what you need to know when selecting and specifying different geogrids. You will then learn about how mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) retaining walls work. This will include general design requirements, through the review of potential failure modes. The presenters will finish by discussing different MSE retaining wall facing options while highlighting successful past projects.
Fairscreed R is a three-part epoxy repair mortar that can be used to repair damaged concrete structures like columns, floors, and roads. It has high early strength, is abrasion and impact resistant, and bonds well to cementitious surfaces primed with SafeCore Primer. The product is supplied in 7.5 kg packs that will cover 0.75 square meters at a 10mm thickness and can be applied between 10 to 40 degrees Celsius.
This document provides installation instructions for stone veneer. There are two main installation methods - standard with grouted joints and jointless/dry-stacked without grouted joints. The instructions cover estimating stone quantities, preparing the surface which depends on the underlying material, mixing mortar, applying the stone by starting at the top and fitting corners first, and finishing by trimming stones and setting them with mortar. Flashing and proper water diversion is important for long-term performance of the stone veneer.
The document discusses soil anchoring solutions from CON-TECH Systems including TITAN injection-bored (IBO) soil nails and micropiles that can be used for retaining walls, excavations, infrastructure projects, and adding support to grade beams or footings. It provides details on the TITAN IBO system, equipment, materials, installation process, and applications for soil nails and micropiles.
This document discusses cast-in-place piles in seismic areas. It describes the basic installation process for continuous flight auger (CFA) and drilled displacement (DD) piles. Factors affecting pile performance are outlined, including sidewall roughness, installation effects on stresses, tip resistance mobilization, and construction control. Applications in favorable and unfavorable conditions are examined. The document concludes with a discussion of inspection issues and seismic loading considerations.
The document discusses foundations, which are the part of a structure below ground level that transmits the load of the superstructure to the soil. It also discusses concrete mixes like M25 grade concrete, which has a specified 28-day compressive strength of 25 N/mm2. Finally, it provides specifications for excavation of foundations, removal of water from foundations, damp proof course installation, and precautions for designing foundations.
The document discusses methods for strengthening structural members like beams and slabs that have insufficient strength. For beams, additional reinforcement can be added on the bottom and sides, and bonded with epoxy. For slabs, a reinforced concrete topping can be applied to create a composite section with the existing slab, using mechanical anchors and epoxy bonding. Proper preparation of surfaces, curing, and controlling deflection during strengthening are emphasized.
This document discusses various techniques for repairing and rehabilitating concrete structures. It covers topics such as concrete deterioration mechanisms, materials used for repair like cement mortars and polymers, and techniques like grouting, jacketing, and external bonding. Assessment of damaged structures involves preliminary investigation, detailed investigation using techniques like core cutting, rebar location, corrosion measurement, and pull-out tests to determine repair requirements. Underwater repair of structures also requires special considerations and techniques.
This document discusses the advantages of using basalt as a construction material. Basalt is a versatile rock found globally that has no toxic reactions with air or water. It can replace steel as a reinforcement material, with 1 kg of basalt equaling 9.6 kg of steel in strength. Basalt fibers offer high performance at low cost and can help reduce cracking and structural failures in cement and construction. Basalt is abundant in India and can replace other fiber materials like steel, glass, and carbon due to its strength, temperature resistance, and durability.
Structural excavation and backfill are important for ensuring adequate foundations for structures like box culverts and retaining walls. Backfill materials must meet specifications and be properly compacted to sufficient density. Poor soils or inadequate compaction can lead structures to fail prematurely. Excavations must be done safely according to guidelines, and unsuitable foundation materials below plan grade must be removed and replaced with specified soils compacted to the surrounding density. Backfill placement and compaction methods will vary depending on the material used but must meet density requirements to provide uniform support.
Gabion walls are retaining walls made of wire mesh boxes filled with rock. Reinforced gabion walls have reinforcement added like geogrid or wire mesh to take tensile stresses that soil cannot withstand. They are used for applications like road construction, river training, flood control, and erosion control. Reinforced gabion walls provide stability and flexibility at a lower cost than gravity or reinforced concrete walls. Proper materials and construction techniques ensure the stability and durability of these eco-friendly retaining wall options.
The document summarizes techniques for waterproofing buildings to prevent dampness. It discusses sources of dampness like rain, ground moisture, and defective construction. Methods are presented for waterproofing basements using impregnation and tanking with asphalt. For terraces, a brick bat coba layer over a sloped mortar base is recommended. Toilets require a sloped mortar base coat and brick bat coba with a water escape pipe. Proper preparation and curing of all techniques is emphasized.
This document provides an overview of soil nailing techniques. It discusses that soil nailing involves drilling holes in slopes and inserting steel bars that are grouted in place to reinforce and stabilize the slope. It then covers the origins of soil nailing, common applications, advantages, limitations, construction sequence, mechanisms, and methods such as drilled and grouted, driven, and self-drilling nails. An example of a soil nailing project in India is also described before concluding with benefits such as being economical and applicable in seismic zones.
soil nailing technique is used for improvement of the ground.here it is illustrated with a case study.also the relative merits of gfrp and steel nails are compared.
The document discusses the potential for basalt rock fibre as a construction material. Basalt rock is widely available around the world including in India. Basalt fibres are non-toxic, non-combustible, and can replace steel at a lower cost. A basalt fibre manufacturing plant is proposed that would use local basalt rock as the raw material and produce basalt reinforcement rods, geotextiles, and continuous fibres for various construction applications. The plant design and basalt fibre production process are described.
This document discusses basalt fibers and their applications. It describes basalt as a raw material that makes up one third of the Earth's crust and is easily available for industrial use. It also summarizes the production process of continuous basalt fibers from basalt rock, including melting, fiber formation, drying, and winding into rovings. The document promotes the benefits of basalt fibers for composites, including high strength, thermal stability, and chemical resistance compared to glass fibers. It provides examples of basalt fiber products like reinforced plastic pipes and geogrids.
In recent years, continuous basalt fibers extruded from naturally fire-resistant basalt are attracted attention as a replacement for asbestos fibers. In the last decade, basalt has emerged as a contender in the fiber reinforcement of composites. Some manufacturer of basalts claims it offers performance similar to S-2 glass fibers at a price point between S-2 glass and E-glass, and may offer manufacturers a less-expensive alternative to carbon fiber. Basalt fibre (BF) is capable to withstand very high temperature and can act as fire blocking element.
Basalt rebar is produced from basalt rock through a process of crushing, melting, drawing into filaments, stretching, cooling, and winding. It offers several advantages over steel rebar such as higher strength, lighter weight, and greater resistance to corrosion. Basalt rebar is used as reinforcement in concrete for applications such as construction, infrastructure, and anywhere highly corrosive conditions are present. It is produced through pultrusion by pulling basalt filaments through a resin bath and heated die to form continuous lengths.
This document provides a check-list for various construction activities including land surveys, excavation works, concrete works, masonry works, plastering, flooring installations and door installations. It outlines steps to check plot dimensions, soil conditions, ground levels, existing structures and service lines. It also provides guidance on checking excavation depths, concrete mix designs, reinforcement details, masonry work quality, plastering applications and flooring/tiling installations.
This document defines terms and testing standards related to earthworks and slope protection materials. It discusses soil classification systems, definitions of fill materials like borrow fill and base course materials. It also summarizes standard tests for properties like liquid limit, plastic limit and plasticity index. Finally, it describes various slope protection technologies like riprap, gabion systems, geosynthetics, geotextiles and geocomposites.
This document discusses aggregates and mortar. It defines aggregates as granular materials used in concrete, which occupy 70-80% of concrete volume. Aggregates are classified based on size, source, unit weight, and shape. Tests conducted on aggregates include particle size, impact value, crushing value, and abrasion value. Mortar is made by mixing a binding material, fine aggregate, and water. The types of mortar discussed are cement mortar, lime mortar, mud mortar, lightweight mortar, and fire resistant mortar. Mortar properties like workability, water retention, stiffening, and strength are also covered.
Construction of flexible pavement in briefAJINKYA THAKRE
This document provides an overview of flexible pavement construction. It defines flexible pavement as those that reflect deformation through their layers to the surface. The main components of flexible pavement are described as the wearing course, base course, subbase, and subgrade. Details are given on thickness design considerations and materials used for each layer like aggregates, asphalt, and geotextiles. Construction steps are outlined including subgrade preparation through compaction, mixing and spreading course materials, and final compaction and curing. The purpose of the flexible pavement structure is to distribute loads from traffic across its various courses to the underlying subgrade.
Fairscreed R is a three-part epoxy repair mortar that can be used to repair damaged concrete structures like columns, floors, and roads. It has high early strength, is abrasion and impact resistant, and bonds well to cementitious surfaces primed with SafeCore Primer. The product is supplied in 7.5 kg packs that will cover 0.75 square meters at a 10mm thickness and can be applied between 10 to 40 degrees Celsius.
This document provides installation instructions for stone veneer. There are two main installation methods - standard with grouted joints and jointless/dry-stacked without grouted joints. The instructions cover estimating stone quantities, preparing the surface which depends on the underlying material, mixing mortar, applying the stone by starting at the top and fitting corners first, and finishing by trimming stones and setting them with mortar. Flashing and proper water diversion is important for long-term performance of the stone veneer.
The document discusses soil anchoring solutions from CON-TECH Systems including TITAN injection-bored (IBO) soil nails and micropiles that can be used for retaining walls, excavations, infrastructure projects, and adding support to grade beams or footings. It provides details on the TITAN IBO system, equipment, materials, installation process, and applications for soil nails and micropiles.
This document discusses cast-in-place piles in seismic areas. It describes the basic installation process for continuous flight auger (CFA) and drilled displacement (DD) piles. Factors affecting pile performance are outlined, including sidewall roughness, installation effects on stresses, tip resistance mobilization, and construction control. Applications in favorable and unfavorable conditions are examined. The document concludes with a discussion of inspection issues and seismic loading considerations.
The document discusses foundations, which are the part of a structure below ground level that transmits the load of the superstructure to the soil. It also discusses concrete mixes like M25 grade concrete, which has a specified 28-day compressive strength of 25 N/mm2. Finally, it provides specifications for excavation of foundations, removal of water from foundations, damp proof course installation, and precautions for designing foundations.
The document discusses methods for strengthening structural members like beams and slabs that have insufficient strength. For beams, additional reinforcement can be added on the bottom and sides, and bonded with epoxy. For slabs, a reinforced concrete topping can be applied to create a composite section with the existing slab, using mechanical anchors and epoxy bonding. Proper preparation of surfaces, curing, and controlling deflection during strengthening are emphasized.
This document discusses various techniques for repairing and rehabilitating concrete structures. It covers topics such as concrete deterioration mechanisms, materials used for repair like cement mortars and polymers, and techniques like grouting, jacketing, and external bonding. Assessment of damaged structures involves preliminary investigation, detailed investigation using techniques like core cutting, rebar location, corrosion measurement, and pull-out tests to determine repair requirements. Underwater repair of structures also requires special considerations and techniques.
This document discusses the advantages of using basalt as a construction material. Basalt is a versatile rock found globally that has no toxic reactions with air or water. It can replace steel as a reinforcement material, with 1 kg of basalt equaling 9.6 kg of steel in strength. Basalt fibers offer high performance at low cost and can help reduce cracking and structural failures in cement and construction. Basalt is abundant in India and can replace other fiber materials like steel, glass, and carbon due to its strength, temperature resistance, and durability.
Structural excavation and backfill are important for ensuring adequate foundations for structures like box culverts and retaining walls. Backfill materials must meet specifications and be properly compacted to sufficient density. Poor soils or inadequate compaction can lead structures to fail prematurely. Excavations must be done safely according to guidelines, and unsuitable foundation materials below plan grade must be removed and replaced with specified soils compacted to the surrounding density. Backfill placement and compaction methods will vary depending on the material used but must meet density requirements to provide uniform support.
Gabion walls are retaining walls made of wire mesh boxes filled with rock. Reinforced gabion walls have reinforcement added like geogrid or wire mesh to take tensile stresses that soil cannot withstand. They are used for applications like road construction, river training, flood control, and erosion control. Reinforced gabion walls provide stability and flexibility at a lower cost than gravity or reinforced concrete walls. Proper materials and construction techniques ensure the stability and durability of these eco-friendly retaining wall options.
The document summarizes techniques for waterproofing buildings to prevent dampness. It discusses sources of dampness like rain, ground moisture, and defective construction. Methods are presented for waterproofing basements using impregnation and tanking with asphalt. For terraces, a brick bat coba layer over a sloped mortar base is recommended. Toilets require a sloped mortar base coat and brick bat coba with a water escape pipe. Proper preparation and curing of all techniques is emphasized.
This document provides an overview of soil nailing techniques. It discusses that soil nailing involves drilling holes in slopes and inserting steel bars that are grouted in place to reinforce and stabilize the slope. It then covers the origins of soil nailing, common applications, advantages, limitations, construction sequence, mechanisms, and methods such as drilled and grouted, driven, and self-drilling nails. An example of a soil nailing project in India is also described before concluding with benefits such as being economical and applicable in seismic zones.
soil nailing technique is used for improvement of the ground.here it is illustrated with a case study.also the relative merits of gfrp and steel nails are compared.
The document discusses the potential for basalt rock fibre as a construction material. Basalt rock is widely available around the world including in India. Basalt fibres are non-toxic, non-combustible, and can replace steel at a lower cost. A basalt fibre manufacturing plant is proposed that would use local basalt rock as the raw material and produce basalt reinforcement rods, geotextiles, and continuous fibres for various construction applications. The plant design and basalt fibre production process are described.
This document discusses basalt fibers and their applications. It describes basalt as a raw material that makes up one third of the Earth's crust and is easily available for industrial use. It also summarizes the production process of continuous basalt fibers from basalt rock, including melting, fiber formation, drying, and winding into rovings. The document promotes the benefits of basalt fibers for composites, including high strength, thermal stability, and chemical resistance compared to glass fibers. It provides examples of basalt fiber products like reinforced plastic pipes and geogrids.
In recent years, continuous basalt fibers extruded from naturally fire-resistant basalt are attracted attention as a replacement for asbestos fibers. In the last decade, basalt has emerged as a contender in the fiber reinforcement of composites. Some manufacturer of basalts claims it offers performance similar to S-2 glass fibers at a price point between S-2 glass and E-glass, and may offer manufacturers a less-expensive alternative to carbon fiber. Basalt fibre (BF) is capable to withstand very high temperature and can act as fire blocking element.
Basalt rebar is produced from basalt rock through a process of crushing, melting, drawing into filaments, stretching, cooling, and winding. It offers several advantages over steel rebar such as higher strength, lighter weight, and greater resistance to corrosion. Basalt rebar is used as reinforcement in concrete for applications such as construction, infrastructure, and anywhere highly corrosive conditions are present. It is produced through pultrusion by pulling basalt filaments through a resin bath and heated die to form continuous lengths.
This document provides a check-list for various construction activities including land surveys, excavation works, concrete works, masonry works, plastering, flooring installations and door installations. It outlines steps to check plot dimensions, soil conditions, ground levels, existing structures and service lines. It also provides guidance on checking excavation depths, concrete mix designs, reinforcement details, masonry work quality, plastering applications and flooring/tiling installations.
This document defines terms and testing standards related to earthworks and slope protection materials. It discusses soil classification systems, definitions of fill materials like borrow fill and base course materials. It also summarizes standard tests for properties like liquid limit, plastic limit and plasticity index. Finally, it describes various slope protection technologies like riprap, gabion systems, geosynthetics, geotextiles and geocomposites.
This document discusses aggregates and mortar. It defines aggregates as granular materials used in concrete, which occupy 70-80% of concrete volume. Aggregates are classified based on size, source, unit weight, and shape. Tests conducted on aggregates include particle size, impact value, crushing value, and abrasion value. Mortar is made by mixing a binding material, fine aggregate, and water. The types of mortar discussed are cement mortar, lime mortar, mud mortar, lightweight mortar, and fire resistant mortar. Mortar properties like workability, water retention, stiffening, and strength are also covered.
Construction of flexible pavement in briefAJINKYA THAKRE
This document provides an overview of flexible pavement construction. It defines flexible pavement as those that reflect deformation through their layers to the surface. The main components of flexible pavement are described as the wearing course, base course, subbase, and subgrade. Details are given on thickness design considerations and materials used for each layer like aggregates, asphalt, and geotextiles. Construction steps are outlined including subgrade preparation through compaction, mixing and spreading course materials, and final compaction and curing. The purpose of the flexible pavement structure is to distribute loads from traffic across its various courses to the underlying subgrade.
Construction of flexible pavement in brief.AJINKYA THAKRE
This document provides an overview of flexible pavement construction. It defines flexible pavement as those that reflect deformation through their layers to the surface. The main components of a flexible pavement are described as the wearing course, base course, subbase, and subgrade. Details are given on materials and construction methods for each layer, including bituminous mixtures for the wearing course, aggregates for the base course, and drainage and load distribution functions of the subbase and subgrade layers. Construction steps are outlined as preparation, mixing, spreading, compacting, and allowing the pavement to dry before opening to traffic.
IRJET- The Study of Porous Asphalt Pavement with Emphasis in Road Constructio...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the design, construction, and performance of porous asphalt pavements. Porous asphalt is designed to both provide pavement surfaces and manage stormwater runoff by allowing water to infiltrate through the pavement. It discusses the benefits of porous asphalt, including reduced stormwater runoff and flooding, improved water quality, and reduced infrastructure costs. The document then describes the typical layers of a porous asphalt system, including the porous asphalt surface, choker course, reservoir layer, geotextile fabric, and uncompacted subgrade. It also provides details on mix design and construction methods.
The document discusses several important considerations for designing and constructing earth dams, including:
1) Thoroughly investigating the foundation through testing to identify any weak or unstable soils that need removal.
2) Designing appropriate cut-offs and drainage systems depending on the foundation material and reservoir depth, such as trenches, concrete walls, or central clay cores.
3) Carefully designing the upstream and downstream slopes based on available construction materials and the needed stability, drainage, and erosion protection.
This document provides guidelines for laying cement concrete and stone slab lining on canals. It discusses preparing the subgrade, including dealing with expansive soils and over-excavation. It also covers compaction requirements depending on soil type and drainage. Guidelines are provided for laying in-situ concrete lining, including concrete mix design, thickness based on canal capacity, and tolerances for alignment and thickness. Precast concrete tiles and stone slabs are also included within the scope of acceptable lining materials.
This document provides guidelines for lime concrete lining of canals. It discusses materials used for lime concrete lining such as lime, sand, coarse aggregate and water. It also discusses preparation of subgrade for different soil types including expansive soils, rock and earth. Compaction methods are provided for different soil types. The document also discusses laying of concrete lining and provides specifications for lime concrete mix such as minimum compressive and flexural strength.
A presentation(12 btceng040) ON SUMMER INTERNSHIP from MNNITRiteshmani Tripathi
The document summarizes the summer training completed by Riteshmani Tripathi at Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology from June 15th to July 12th, 2015. The training covered experiments and hands-on learning in geotechnical engineering, transportation engineering, building materials testing, and total station handling. Specific experiments included standard penetration testing, shear strength testing, soil classification, bitumen testing, and California bearing ratio testing. The schedule outlined the duration and location of training activities over the month-long period.
Porous Pavement in Cold Climates Part 1: Design, Installation, Maintenance. Robert Roseen and Thomas Ballestero, UNH Stormwater Center (presentation given March 17, 2011)
Geotech and pavement design informationcathexis123
The geotechnical report summarizes subsurface conditions at a site for a proposed development on FM78 and Lakeview. Three soil strata were encountered in a boring test: [1] a top layer of stiff lean clay down to 1.5 feet; [2] very stiff clay from 1.5 to 7 feet; and [3] very stiff clay with gypsum crystals from 7 to 15 feet. The report recommends removing 3 feet of existing clay and replacing it with select fill to support shallow foundations. Flexible pavement sections and porous paver specifications are also provided for the proposed parking areas and driveways. Cost estimates indicate the asphalt roadways would cost around $56 per square yard to construct and the porous
The geotechnical report summarizes subsurface conditions at a site located near FM78 and Lakeview. Three soil strata were identified below 1.5 feet of asphalt and crushed limestone base: [1] stiff lean clay from 0.5-1 feet; [2] stiff to very stiff clay from 1-7 feet; and [3] stiff to very stiff clay with gypsum crystals from 7-15 feet. Approximately 3 feet of clay should be removed and replaced with select fill. Shallow foundations are suitable with a minimum embedment of 2 feet below grade and allowable bearing pressure of 2,000 psf. Total settlement of 1 inch and differential settlement of 0.5-0.75 inches
Geotech and pavement design informationcathexis123
The geotechnical report summarizes subsurface conditions at a site located near FM78 and Lakeview. Three soil strata were identified below 1.5 feet of asphalt and crushed limestone base: [1] stiff lean clay from 0.5-1 feet; [2] stiff to very stiff clay from 1-7 feet; and [3] stiff to very stiff clay with gypsum crystals from 7-15 feet. Approximately 3 feet of clay should be removed and replaced with select fill. Shallow foundations are suitable with a minimum embedment of 2 feet below grade and allowable bearing pressure of 2,000 psf. Total settlement of 1 inch and differential settlement of 0.5-0.75 inches
Strength Improvement in the Soil Using Waste MaterialsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on using quarry waste materials to improve soil strength in construction. The study involved constructing stone columns using quarry waste and comparing them to columns made with aggregate. Model tests were conducted where 1 or 2 columns made of quarry waste or aggregate were installed in soil at equal intervals, with or without geotextile encasement. The results showed that quarry waste performed similarly to aggregate in increasing load capacity and reducing settlement. Using quarry waste in stone columns can improve soil parameters while utilizing a waste material and providing environmental benefits over using natural aggregate. The objectives and scope of the study included investigating the effects of varying the number, spacing, and pattern of waste-filled columns.
This document discusses materials used in highway construction, including aggregates, bitumen, asphalt, tar, cement, and steel reinforcement. It describes aggregates as a coarse particulate material used in construction that serves as reinforcement. It also summarizes different tests conducted on materials, such as aggregate impact value, polished stone value, and ductility tests. Finally, it provides an overview of asphalt mix design, noting its objectives are to determine a cost-effective blend of aggregates and binder that meets specifications and provides sufficient stability, voids, workability, and skid resistance.
B-Tech Construction Material Presentaion.pptmosesnhidza
This document provides an overview of concrete, including its definition, properties, composition, testing, and uses. Some key points:
- Concrete is a mixture of cement, aggregates (sand and gravel), and water that can be used for load-bearing construction.
- Its properties depend on the mix proportions, water-cement ratio, and type of aggregates used. Good compaction and curing are important for strength.
- Concrete has high compressive strength but low tensile strength, so it is often reinforced with steel bars or prestressed using steel tendons.
- Aggregates make up the majority of a concrete mix by weight and influence properties like strength and durability. Proper testing of aggregates is
Highway Construction Materials and PracticeSenthamizhan M
Sub grade soil is an integral part of the road pavement structure as it provides the support to the pavement from beneath.
The sub grade soil and its properties are important in the design of pavement structure.
The main function of the sub grade is to give adequate support to the pavement and for this the sub grade should possess sufficient stability under adverse climatic and loading conditions.
This document discusses pile walls as a type of side support system for excavations. It provides information on different pile wall systems including contiguous pile walls, secant pile walls, and tangent pile walls. Continuous flight auger piling and rotary piling installation methods are described. The document also covers site investigation, soil parameters, structural design, load considerations, failure modes, and construction stages for pile walls.
This Presentation deals with latest Ground improvement Techniques for various civil engineering projects like highway construction etc. and river side protection techniques.
El documento es un catálogo de productos de una empresa dedicada a la fabricación y venta de productos de drenaje hechos de PVC. El catálogo incluye una lista de productos como coples, tapones, codos, adaptadores, T's y uniones Y de diferentes medidas, así como sus respectivos códigos y precios.
Este documento proporciona información sobre el tamaño y peso de tuberías para manejo de agua. Presenta una tabla con el diámetro interno y externo nominal de tuberías de diferentes diámetros, así como su peso por pie lineal y por 20 pies para paredes sencillas y dobles. También incluye la profundidad mínima recomendada para relleno sobre tuberías de HDPE.
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Este documento proporciona recomendaciones para la instalación de tubería de polietileno. Describe los anchos mínimos recomendados para zanjas, los materiales adecuados para relleno, y los métodos de compactación. También cubre consideraciones sobre el almacenamiento y manejo de la tubería antes de la instalación. El objetivo principal es construir una cubierta de relleno que proporcione soporte a largo plazo a la tubería y distribuya las cargas de manera uniforme.
Lane Enterprises offers a wide range of drainage products including coil pipe in 4", 6", and 8" diameters. The coil pipe is produced using high quality resins to ensure strength and longevity. It is available in perforated or solid wall options with various fittings to meet subsurface drainage needs. Lane also provides metal pipe, structural plate, and other fabricated drainage products backed by engineering support.
This document provides guidance on installing high density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe. It discusses:
1) Proper installation requires using the right pipe class, backfill material, and compaction to at least 90% maximum density. Classes IA, IB, and II are preferred over Class III.
2) The pipe must be surrounded by compacted backfill material to distribute loads and provide resistance to deflection. Acceptable backfill ranges from coarse granular to borderline clean/fine grained soils.
3) Trenches must be stable, backfill placed in layers and compacted, and construction loads protected the pipe with sufficient cover. Proper installation is essential for the pipe to perform as
The document describes the perforation patterns for HDPE perforated pipes according to AASHTO standards. Class 1 perforations are for partially perforated pipes, leaving an unperforated segment along the bottom. Class 2 perforations allow perforations along the entire circumference and length of the pipe. Specific perforation patterns are outlined for different pipe sizes, including the number, size, shape, and spacing of perforations. All perforation patterns are designed to meet AASHTO specifications.
Lane manufactures high quality HDPE drainage pipe in various diameters from 4 to 48 inches for storm sewers, culverts, and water applications. Their pipe uses virgin or recycled HDPE resins to meet AASHTO specifications. Lane's double-wall HDPE pipe provides a hydraulically efficient smooth interior and the corrugated profile gives high strength. Standard and custom fittings along with bell and spigot joints provide watertight connections. Lane's installation guidelines ensure proper performance under minimum and maximum cover heights.
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Hdpe installation practice
1. Technical Bulletin
H IGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE PIPE
HDPE Pipe Installation Practice
LANE corrugated high density polyethylene Classes IA, IB, and II are preferred over Class III
(HDPE) pipe, appropriate backfill material and when available because they are stiffer materials,
proper installation practice all work together to limit pipe deflection and permit greater fill heights.
result in a dependable drainage installation. HDPE Also, construction may be faster because less
pipe, like all flexible pipes, depends on soil-pipe compactive effort is generally required. Class III
interaction to develop its strength. Thus, proper material should not be used where water
installation and backfilling are essential to conditions in a trench can cause instability.
successful performance. This technical bulletin
addresses typical installations in trench and
embankment conditions. Unusual conditions may
BACKFILL MATERIAL SIZE
require additional investigations, including the Pipe Diameter (ID) Max. Particle Size
recommendations of a qualified geotechnical or in. mm in. mm
soils engineer. More detailed information on 6 150 3/8 10
installation and backfill may be found in ASTM
D2321, " Standard Practice for Underground 8-15 200-375 5/8 15
Installation of Thermoplastic Pipe for Sewers and 18-48 450-1200 1 1/2 40
Other Gravity-Flow Applications."
Installation practices must always comply Cement slurry and controlled low strength material
with local, state and federal codes and (CLSM) are excellent backfill material provided
they yield adequate compressive strength and the
safety regulations.
pipe is restrained to avoid flotation during
installation.
Material for Foundation,
Bedding and Backfill Foundation and Bedding
The pipe must be surrounded by compacted
material to distribute vertical loads uniformly to A good foundation and bedding are critical to pipe
the pipe and to provide passive resistance to pipe performance and service life. They are essential to
deflection. Material selection depends on help maintain proper pipe elevation, eliminate
availability and cost. Granular materials with little undesirable stresses in the pipe and ensure good
or no plasticity are preferred. Frozen lumps, hydraulic performance.
chunks of clay, organic matter and large rock are
unacceptable. Acceptable materials are The foundation material beneath the pipe must
summarized in Table 1 by their ASTM Class and provide a uniform resistance to the loads on the
Soil Group designation. pipe.
www.lane-enterprises.com
2. Sharp longitudinal and lateral variations However, if special equipment is available
in the foundation must be avoided. If to provide a quality installation with a
rock is encountered, excavate and replace narrow trench, the minimum width can be
with gravel or lightly compacted material. reduced. If material such as CLSM is
Such cushion should have a depth of used that requires no compaction, the
approximately ½ in. per ft. (42 mm/m) of trench width can be as little as the pipe
the planned fill depth over the pipe outside diameter, plus 6 in. (150 mm).
(6 in.-150 mm minimum, 24 in.-600 mm
maximum). If soft foundation material is The trench must be filled with material,
encountered that must be removed to placed and compacted in layers to form a
maintain grade, remove the material for a "structural backfill" surrounding the pipe.
depth of about 2 ft. (0.6 m) and replace The backfill must be compacted to a
with suitable compacted material. The minimum of 90 percent of maximum
width of this material should be 2.5 diam- density as determined by ASTM D698 or
eters on either side of the pipe for pipe 12 AASHTO T99. The envelope should
in. (300 mm) diameter or less. For larger extend to 12 in. (300 mm) above the top
pipe, the width should be established by of the pipe before the remainder of the fill
the engineer. is placed in the trench. The trench wall is
assumed to have a stiffness at least that of
The upper 4 in. (100 mm) of the bedding the compacted backfill. If soft trench
should be relatively loose material so the walls are encountered, additional
corrugations can be seated. Frozen excavation may be required.
lumps, chunks of clay, organic matter and
large rock are unacceptable. The pipe
may be installed by shaping the bedding
surface to conform to the pipe
for a width of about one-half
the diameter. A second method
is to place the pipe directly on
the bedding, in which case
particular care must be taken
to compact the backfill under
the haunches of the pipe to
provide uniform support.
Trench
Construction
The trench should be wide
enough for placement and
compaction of backfill, especially the Excavate trenches to ensure the trench
material placed beside the pipe and that in walls are stable under all conditions.
the haunch area below the spring line. Slope the walls or provide support in
Generally, the minimum trench width conformance with safety standards. All
should not be less than the greater of (1) appropriate safety practices and
the pipe outside diameter plus 16 in. (400 regulations must be followed to avoid
mm), or (2) the pipe outside diameter trench collapse. If high ground water is
times 1.25, plus 12 in. (300 mm). encountered, dewatering may be required
to achieve a safe installation that meets
requirements.
3. Embankment Construction Backfill Placement
In embankment construction, the compacted In either trench or embankment construction, the
envelope of "structural backfill" must surround the backfill material must be placed in layers and
pipe with a width adequate to resist forces caused compacted to a minimum of 90 percent of
by construction equipment. The width of this zone maximum density as determined by ASTM D698
on each side of the pipe should be one diameter, or ASSHTO T99. The maximum thickness of the
with a minimum of 12 in. (300 mm) and a layers or lifts should not exceed 6 in. (150 mm).
maximum of 24 in. (600 mm). The envelope The lift thickness, placement technique and
should extend to 12 in. (300 mm) above the top of compaction method must be such that compaction
the pipe before normal embankment material is under the haunches is obtained.
placed.
continued on next page >
TABLE 1
Recommended Backfill Materials
ASTM ASTM Similar
D2321 Type D2487 Description AASHTO
Class Soil Group Type
Angular, crushed stone or rock, crushed
IA Manufactured Aggregates; gravel, broken coral, crushed slag, cinders
open-graded, clean. or shells; large void content, contain little
or no fines.
Manufactured Processed Angular, crushed stone (or other Class 1A
IB materials) and stone/sand mixtures with
Aggregates; dense-graded,
clean. gradations selected to minimize migration
of adjacent soils; contain little or no fines.
GW Well-graded gravels and gravel/sand A1,
II Coarse-Grained Soils; clean.
mixtures, little or no fines. A3
GP Poorly graded gravels and gravel/sand
mixtures, little or no fines.
SW Well-graded sands and gravelly sands,
little or no fines.
SP Poorly-graded sands and gravelly sands,
little or no fines.
Coarse-Grained Soils; borderline e.g. Sands which are borderline between
clean to with fines. GW clean and with fines.
GC
SP
SM
III Coarse-Grained Soils with Fines. GM Silty gravels, gravel-sand-silt mixtures. A2
GC Clayey gravels, gravel-sand-clay mixtures.
SM Silty sands, sand-clay mixtures
SC Clayey sands, sand/clay mixtures.
Note: Compact backfill material to minimum of 90% of maximum density per ASTM D698 or AASHTO T99.
Table adapted from ASTM D2321.
4. Each layer must be compacted before the next lift is placed. Backfill
must proceed evenly on each side of the pipe. Care must be taken to
avoid pipe distortion or excessive local or general deflection. Such
unacceptable deformations can result from either excessive or inadequate
compaction or from construction equipment. Do not allow compaction
or other equipment to contact and damage the pipe. Compaction
techniques must be compatible with the backfill materials used, and the
width of the area being compacted.
Mechanical compaction is generally used. However, water consolidation
methods can be used on free-draining backfill material if care is taken to
prevent flotation. Conditions must be controlled and approved by the
engineer.
Construction Loads
It is important to protect the pipe from equipment loads during
construction. Heavy equipment must not be allowed close to or over
buried pipe unless provisions are made to accommodate the resultant
loads. Depending on the size of the equipment and class of fill material,
a minimum cover from 2 ft. (0.6 m) to 4 ft. (1.2 m), or more for
exceptional loads, may be required. (see table 2) For shallow
installations, it may be necessary to mound and compact material over
the pipe to provide the minimum cover. The mound can be removed and
final grade established after construction.
TABLE 2
COVER FOR CONSTRUCTION LOADS
Minimum Cover, in., for indicated Axle Loads, kips
Nominal Pipe Drain with Lane
Diameter, ft 18.0-50.0 50.0-75.0 75.0-110.0 110.0-150.0
Lane Enterprises, Inc.
2.0-3.0 24.0 30.0 36.0 36.0 3905 Hartzdale Drive, Suite 514
Camp Hill, PA 17011
3.5-4.0 36.0 36.0 42.0 48.0 717-761-8175 Fax 717-761-5055
4.5-5.0 36.0 36.0 42.0 48.0
New York
Minimum cover shall be measured from the top of the pipe to the
Ballston Spa 518-885-4385
top of the maintained construction roadway surface. If unpaved, Bath 607-776-3366
the surface shall be maintained.
North Carolina
Multiple Pipes Statesville 704-872-2471
When two or more pipes are installed in adjacent parallel lines, sufficient Pennsylvania
space must be provided between the pipes to provide for adequate Bedford 814-623-1191
compaction of the structural backfill. One rule-of-thumb is to use a Carlisle 717-249-8342
spacing between pipes equal to 12 in. (300 mm), or one-half the nominal King of Prussia 610-272-4531
pipe diameter, whichever is greater. This can be increased if necessary to Pulaski 412-652-7747
accommodate compaction.
Virginia
Bealeton 540-439-3201
The information contained in this technical bulletin is general in nature and is intended for use in conjunction with
competent engineering advice as to its suitability for any specific application. Nothing in this bulletin is intended as a Dublin 540-674-4645
representative or warranty that such data is suitable for any particular application or purpose.
www.lane-enterprises.com