This document discusses basalt fibers and their applications. It describes basalt as a raw material that makes up one third of the Earth's crust and is easily available for industrial use. It also summarizes the production process of continuous basalt fibers from basalt rock, including melting, fiber formation, drying, and winding into rovings. The document promotes the benefits of basalt fibers for composites, including high strength, thermal stability, and chemical resistance compared to glass fibers. It provides examples of basalt fiber products like reinforced plastic pipes and geogrids.

1. BASALT

2. Our purpose is to present here with all possible applications of basalt
roving and all products based on basalt fibers.
2

3. BASALT ROVING
Research and Production Association Polymer-Composite. Company Limited.
is based in Primorsky region, Russia. Our basic activity is research of rocks raw materials and
development of new industrial technologies and equipment for production of ultra-, micro-, super-thin-,
thin-, thick and continuous basalt fibers and rowing, as well as composites and other basalt
products.
Our partners have been in this field for more than 50 years, we are well aware of best technological
solutions from the period of Soviet Union till modern implementations of today. Numerous results of
our scientific studies and our technological solutions are successfully put into life at more than 40
industrial enterprises.

4. BASALT ROVING
We can offer you our cooperation and assistance as follows.
 Development of new technologies, modernization and automation of the existing technology of
production of continuous, thin and super-thin staple basalt fibers and products made of them.
 Development of new basalt fiber materials and technologies of their application for effective fire
protection of metal and concrete structures of underground constructions and high buildings.
 Testing of raw materials, selection of raw materials for production of various types of basalt fibers as
per the requirements to final product.
 Analysis, testing and certification of all types of basalt fibers and products made of basalt fiber,
mineral wool and glass fiber.
 Development, obtaining and approval of specifications, certificates and regulations for basalt
materials.
 Manufacturing, assembling installation and «turnkey" starting up of plants for production of
continuous, super-thin and thin staple basalt fibers and products made of basalt.
 Training of specialists.
 Author's support of the process of production, modernization of equipment in line with new
developments of the Co.
 Provision for technical standards, know-how, technological and operational documentation.
 Provision for input to design basalt fiber plants.
 Technical support and audit engineering at performance of complex design by the project company.

5. • One third of the Earth’s crust consists of basaltic rocks, most of which are easily available
for industrial applications.
• Difference in chemical and mineralogical composition of the basalts affects the properties
of their melt, and hence influences the final form of the fibrous material.
• According to analysis of data which had been obtained as a result of our laboratory and
technological research of more than 1000 samples from basalt deposits in Russia, Ukraine,
CIS , China, Korea, Canada , Japan and other countries, we developed criteria for
assessing the applicability of rocks for production of various types of fibers.
• We created our database of rocks from different parts of the world, which can be used for
production of basalt fibers. We also developed more than 20 techniques of testing rocks
for possibility of their industrial application to produce various types of basalt fibers.
• In basalt fiber production raw material is prepared much easier than raw material for glass
fiber production:
- rocks can be stored in the open air without any packaging;
- rocks are crushed into 5-40 mm fractions.

6. • Basalt is magmatic (formed of deep silica-alumina melts) rock of the basic structure (the maintenance
silica SiO2 makes 50 ± 5 %), fallen asleep in the top layers of an earth's crust or on a surface.
• By results of several thousand analyses of rocks of a 16-kilometer layer of the earth's crust
accessible to geological studying, and under the average maintenance of chemical elements in an
earth's crust prevalence of breeds in this layer which is expressed in a following proportion is
established: igneous rocks - 95 %; metamorphic - 4 %; sedimentary - 1 %.
• On analytical data igneous rocks consist of 2/3 parts of a granite and 1/3 parts of basalt. Thus, the
maintenance of basalt in an earth's crust exceeds 30 %.
• The basic minerals of which basalts consist, are: - plagioclase (silica-alumina, sodium and
calcium); - pyroxene (chained silicates); - peridots - ore minerals (magnetite, ilmenite) and volcanic
glass.
• Basalts contain (on weight): 45-55 % SiO2; 10-20 % Al2O3 and up to 20 % FeO + Fe2O3 and
MgO. Except for the cores oxide basalts contain practically all elements of the table of Mendeleyev,
and, mainly, in the form of mineral connections. Completely crystal breeds of similar structure refer
to dolerite, the basalts destroyed and changed by secondary processes are known as diabases and
basalt porphyry. The deep analogue of basalt carries the name gabbro.

7. 7

8. CLASSIFICATION OF BASALT FIBERS AND PRODUCTS

9. A PLAINT OF CONTINUOUS BASALT FIBERS IS CALLED ROVING.
The density of roving is different due to different number of fibers; their thickness varies
from 7 to 20 microns in a plait.
Rovings are marked as “tex”, which indicates the weight of 1km roving in grams.
Roving is supplied in rolls; rolls are hermetically packed in plastic film.

10. 10

11. COMPARATIVE PHYSICAL AND TECHNICAL PARAMETERS OF BASALT
FIBERS AND THEIR ANALOGUES
№
Name of the fiber
Dens
ity,
kg/m
3
Destructive
tensile
stress,
τр , MPa
Elastic
modulus at
stretching,
Е, MPa
Strength
after
thermo-processing,
(1 h, 400 оС)
Resistance at boiling
In water in 2n NaOH in 2n HCl
MPa % of
initial
Δ M,
mg
% Δ М,
mg
% Δ М,
mg
%
1 Glass
aluminoborosilicate,
«Е» type
2550 2200-3450 72400 910 32,0 34,9 99,2 685,4 83 1763,8 53,91
2 High modulus glass,
«UМ-31А» type
2890 3450 109630-
116000
2240 64,0 11 - 1200-
1400
-
*
153-
184
-
3 Quartz 2500-
2600
3000-4000 50000-110000 - - resistant - resistant - resistant -
4 Basalt continuous
fiber
2750 2200-2500 85000-100000 1750 81,7 34,9 99,2 52,4 88,9 99,4 81,18

12. CONTINUOUS FIBERS CHARACTERISTICS
• Basalt complex fiber roving is used for fabrics
of different structure and density, for thermal
insulation of braiding cords, as well as for
reinforcement of composite materials and
various basalt plastics.
• Roving is a continuous strand with a
predetermined number of multifilament yarns,
running parallel to each other. In the process of
production special lubricant is applied to the
multifilament yarn.
• Nominal linear density of the multifilament
yarns in roving depends on the nominal diameter
of the filaments and their number makes (38 ±
6,5) tex for RB-9 type and (55 ± 10) tex for RB
12 type accordingly.The nominal linear density
roving is defined as product nominal linear
density of a complex string and quantity of
complex strings in roving.
Parameter name
Standards for various
types
RB-7 RB-9 RB-12 RB- 16
Filament diameter, mkm 7 9 12 16
Specific tensile strength,
minimum
400 375 280 250
Mass fraction of moisture
for lubricants, maximum:
- "paraffin wax"
- № 76
1,0
1,5
1,0
1,5
1,0
1,5
1,0
1,5
Mass fraction of
substances, removed during
incandescence, %,
minimum
1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0
Tensile strength of
filaments, MPa, minimum
2100
180
0
1550 1400

13. BENEFITS OF
CONTINUOUS BASALT FIBERS
• Basalt fibers (BF ) have a universal set of characteristics which distinguishes them from other fibers used in the
composites industry . Properties of basalt fibers are significantly superior to those of E-glass and approach the
properties of special fibers, such as: S- glass, chemically resistant glass, quartz and carbon fibers.
• High strength
Specific strength of basalt fiber is 2.5 times higher than the strength of alloy steel and 1.5 times higher than the
strength of fiberglass.
• High thermal stability
BF can be used for a long term within temperature range from -200 ° C to + 600 ° C. They can be exposed to
temperature up to 700 ° C for a short period of time. Single impact of temperature up to 1100 ° C is possible.
• High chemical resistance to water, salts, alkalis and acids
Compared to metal BF do not corrode at all. Compared to fiberglass BF are not affected by acids. BF have high
corrosion and chemical resistance to aggressive environments: solutions of salts, acids and especially alkalis.
Chemical resistance of basalt fibers.
• Compatibility with other materials
Continuous BF have good compatibility with all plastic materials, adhesives , glass and carbon fibers. There is
possibility of production materials and products based on BF using different technologies of molding,
filamentwinding, pultrusion, spraying and other «cold technologies».

14. Basing on roving it possible to produce a wide range of materials, including:
 basalt twisted yarns;
 profile compositional products;
 basalt plastic reinforcement;
 basalt plastic pipes and tanks;
 geotextiles (grid and fabrics) for reinforcement of road surfaces, strengthening mounds and embankments;
 needle felts, fabrics and cords for composite materials and thermal installations.
Composite BCF materials have unique properties:
 small specific weight, they are 4-6 times lighter than composite materials with steel reinforcement;
 1.5 times stronger than fiberglass products;
 10 times cheaper than the materials made of carbon fibers;
 weight reduction of the constructions comes to 1.5 - 2 times, the complexity of their manufacture is much less,
they can substitute nonferrous metals and stainless alloys;
 their application allows to increase reliability and durability performances of constructions in aggressive
environments and so on.

15. TECHNOLOGICAL STEPS OF CONTINUOUS FIBERS PRODUCTION ARE
AS FOLLOWS
• delivery to the warehouse and unloading of crushed
8-15 mm basalt fraction ;
• incoming inspection of raw material ;
• preparation of lubricant; loading of crushed basalt into
the oven ; melting of basalt;
• continuous fiber filament yarn manufacturing,
technological control of the process
• keeping of multifilament yarn in the shop for 24
hours ;
• chopping and drying the yarn;
• winding of multifilament yarn to get roving with a
predetermined value of linear density ;
• drying the roving at temperatures of 120 ... 1600 C
for 12 hours (the time depends on the dryer type );
• quality control of roving for compliance with TS
requirements; packaging; transportation and
storage at the warehouse..
Feeder
Forming units
Warehouse of
material
Winding device
Rewinding machine
Finished
product
warehouse
Boot device
Melting furnace
Lubricating
device
Fiber drying
Packing
Washing of raw
material
Lubricant
preparation
unit
Factory
lab

16. DATA LINE TECHNOLOGY
Performances BCF
1 Fiber diameter, microns 7 – 20
2 Productivity, MT/year (kg/h) 100 -160 (10-18)
3
Energy consumption
- natural gas, m3/hr (m3/kg)
- electric power, W/h (kWh/kg)
25 -30 (1,3 -2,2)
30 -35 (1,8- 2,7)
4 Lubricant specific consumption, l/kg 0,6
5 Number of mass feeder sets 2
6 Diamensions, m (with platform) 8 x 8 x 8
Ukraine China

17. BASALT ROVING
composite materials
Composite basalt rebar Basalt and plastic pipes
Basalt geogrids
17
High pressure cylinders

18. The purpose of this presentation is to show the possibility of
application of continuous basalt fibers and their products.

19. www.technobasalt.com
Contact us:
Research and Production Association Polymer-Composite.
Company Limited.
DV Polymer-Composite Co. Ltd.
Chalapchiy Aleksandr
Chief Strategy Officer
tel.:
89244352450
89207867000
skype: alexchalapchiy
e.mail:
alexbasalt@gmail.com
chalapchiy@mail.ru