The document summarizes a presentation about a European project to develop hybrid commercial vehicles. It aims to reduce costs and environmental impacts of buses and trucks through hybridization. The project involves 18 partners over 4 years with a budget of 17.7M Euros. It will develop hybrid bus and truck demonstrators with the goals of reducing powertrain costs by 40% and fuel consumption by 5% compared to current hybrids through technologies like improved energy storage, electric machines, and component integration.

1. Bus Hybrid User Forum,
project presentation
Pontus Enhager, Coordinator
European Project HCV
7th Framework Programme
Version 2010-09-07

2. Why hybrid commercial vehicles
• Profitability!
• Low environmental impact
and reduced oil dependence
• Happy customers
• They are available!
European Project HCV
7th Framework Programme
Version 2010-09-07

3. Historic evolution of environmental
impact of buses 3.50
Euro I
Euro II
• The energy use has 3.00
decreased by 30% last Euro III
Euro IV
30 years 2.50
Particulates
Environmental load cost
Euro V
€ per 100 person km
• Emissions have Euro VI
decreased 90%
2.00 NOx
• Going from emission to 1.50
CO2
energy focus Energy
1.00
0.50
Hybrid
0.00
1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
European Project HCV
7th Framework Programme
Version 2010-09-07

4. Energy use, person transports
French fleet study by ADEME
(g eq petrol / passenger km)
City traffic Regional traffic Intercity traffic
80 >2L
Energy use per person
250-750 cc
250-750 cc
<2L
125-250 cc
125-250 cc
60
2L
40
1.4L
20
0 State of
State of Bus Light Region Cars
BRT* Tram Metro MC Bus Cars MC the art Coach Intercity High Car Air
the art rail trains trains speed
Coach*
Hybrid trains
Bus*
Source: ADEME, http://www2.ademe.fr/servlet/getDoc?cid=96&m=3&id=51911&p1=00&p2=12&ref=17597
* Inhouse data on BRT and hybrid performance related to respective traffic conditions
European Project HCV
7th Framework Programme
Version 2010-09-07

5. The Future
EU Whitepaper on transport for 2030 and 2050
• Only Electric transport in cities from 2050
– Cars
– Distribution
– Public transportation
• Majority in place 2030
Other observations
• Chinese manufacturers selling Full electric buses in thousands
European Project HCV
7th Framework Programme
Version 2010-09-07

6. Will there be a market for hybrids also
with full electric buses around
State of the art
hybrids
Fuel saving %
Serial hybrid* Parallel hybrid*
0 60
* Commercial hybrid packages from supplier industry Average speed in route (km/h)
• Electromobility has its advantages but also limitations, the right
hybrid will complement the plugged in vehicle
• Technologies can be shared, yielding lower costs
European Project HCV
7th Framework Programme
Version 2010-09-07

7. Hybrids in the streets
• European manufacturers are in the beginning of the ”hybrid era”
• In the US, thousands of hybrid buses have been sold (under
heavy subsidies)
• Volvo has delivered more than 150 hybrids, with much more in
the order books
European Project HCV
7th Framework Programme
Version 2010-09-07

8. General data
• EU funded project (FP7) ”Sustainable Surface Transport”
• 17.7M€ among 18 Partners
• 4 years (2010-2013)
VEOLIA
European Project HCV
7th Framework Programme
Version 2010-09-07

9. HCV Project Overall targets
...the hybrid electric vehicle is an excellent option for simultaneous
reduction of fuel consumption and exhaust emissions. Research
efforts are needed to develop high-efficient hybrid systems
including hybrid components such as the energy storage system,
the electric machine, power electronics and electric auxiliaries.
Cost is today considered as a major obstacle for market
introduction of hybrid technologies in commercial vehicles.
Important issues for cost reduction are to make more modular
systems...
European Project HCV
7th Framework Programme
Version 2010-09-07

10. Main challanges
• The cost reduction objective in this project corresponds to an average
40% decrease at powertrain level compared to early second generation
of hybrids.
• An 18-ton passenger bus demonstrator and a 6-ton distribution truck
demonstrator will be fully developed in the project. A low weight body will
be demonstrated for the 18-ton bus and some weight optimisation will be
made on the distribution truck.
• Energy storages, electric machines and electrified auxiliaries will be
developed
• Test cycles will be developed, and HILS type approval investigated
• A hybrid user forum will evaluate the market
European Project HCV
7th Framework Programme
Version 2010-09-07

11. Cost reductions
• The main hybrid components that require cost reduction are the electric drive system and the
energy storage system. The electric drive system cost will be reduced by e.g. (SP4000,
SP5000):
– Reduction of mechanics, control cards, cables, connectors, cooling connections and DC
caps.
– Sensor less drive or alternatively very low cost sensor solution
– Integration of the electric drive cooling with diesel engine cooling
• The energy storage system cost will be reduced by (SP3000):
– Choice of a chemistry (iron-phosphate) with abundant raw materials potentially giving low
material costs.
– Concept studies for new generation of the ESS including improved packaging & cooling
and higher integration
– Optimized control strategies
– Modularisation which make it possible to use the same modules in both SP 4000 and SP
5000.
– Super Capacitors will be investigated
European Project HCV
7th Framework Programme
Version 2010-09-07

12. Fuel consumption and Drivability
• The fuel consumption should be improved by 5% more as compared to the
conventional reference
– The fuel consumption of the commercial Volvo hybrid bus today is verified to
be up-to 35%.
• The fuel consumption of the hybrid systems in the project shall among others be
further improved by:
– Light-weight vehicle and material
– No or less torque interrupt during regenerative braking due to new gear-box
technology or optimisation of synchronisation during gearshifts
– Higher degree of electrification of auxiliaries
– Optimisation of hybrid components
– Optimisation of overall efficiency of the complete hybrid system
European Project HCV
7th Framework Programme
Version 2010-09-07

13. Emissions
• Emissions shall be optimised in the hybrid system by using
innovative heat modes in order to optimise catalysts efficiency
with a minimum of fuel penalty (SP4000, SP5000). The
optimisation work of the drivetrain will closely be linked to
minimize the emissions from the vehicle in real driving conditions.
European Project HCV
7th Framework Programme
Version 2010-09-07

14. HCV Demonstrations
Demonstrations among different climates, countries and
applications
Both early and advanced second generation
European Project HCV
7th Framework Programme
Version 2010-09-07

15. HUF expectations
• Bring in the message from the users to the development
– Operators
– Transport authorities
• Valuable open discussion
– (summarized in report)
European Project HCV
7th Framework Programme
Version 2010-09-07

16. Questions ?
Pontus Enhager
pontus.enhager@volvo.com
+46 31 3227019
European Project HCV
7th Framework Programme
Version 2010-09-07

17. Going towards a more diverse future
• Conventional propulsion
• Hybrids
• Plugin Hybrids (grid supplied
electricity) Diesel Hybrid
• Full electric vehicles (grid supplied Plug-in Diesel Hybrid
electricity) Electric
Diesel
• All of them will likely exist in 2010 ~20??
different applications depending
on the specific needs
• Not necessary to wait for the ”next
generation”
European Project HCV
7th Framework Programme
Version 2010-09-07

18. Status today, most recent report from (p11)
Transport for London
The fuel economy is increased by 62% in route 141:
• Hybrid 7.4 miles per gallon
• Diesel 4.5 miles per gallon
The fuel saving of the Volvo double decker hybrid was hence 38%
(Hybrid 32 litre/100km and Diesel 52 liter /100km)
European Project HCV
7th Framework Programme
Version 2010-09-07

19. Swiss Post press release
-up to 30% in überland
European Project HCV
7th Framework Programme
Version 2010-09-07

20. www.eco.sales-lentz.lu Volvo 7700 Hybrid
Économie en Diesel
- 38%
= 96 000l / an (11 Bus)
= +/- 3 camions citernes
European Project HCV
7th Framework Programme
Version 2010-09-07

21. Project timeline
Coordination and dissemination SP1000
Common component development,
auxiliaries SP2000
Common component development, electric
storage system SP3000
Advanced 2nd generation hybrid bus demonstrator
SP4000
Advanced 2nd generation hybrid distribution truck
demonstrator SP5000
Early 2nd generation vehicles, drive cycles, real Project
world emissions, market study, demonstration evaluation
SP6000
Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4
European Project HCV
7th Framework Programme
Version 2010-09-07