1) Beijing has launched several electric vehicle programs to reduce emissions and is planning to have over 5,000 commercial electric vehicles, including buses and sanitation trucks, operating in the city by 2015.
2) The Beijing Institute of Technology has developed electric vehicle technologies, such as battery packs, motors, and charging infrastructure, that have been used in electric buses and vehicles for the 2008 Olympics, 2010 Shanghai Expo, and other projects.
3) China has established national projects and preferential policies to promote the adoption of electric vehicles, including subsidies for electric commercial vehicles and infrastructure in Beijing.
This report offers an overview of the economic potential for electric powertrains applied in urban bus fleets. Being recognised by an ever-growing number of national and regional authorities, electrified powertrains serve as an essential means to reduce our impact on both climate change and to improve local air quality. Due to a plummeting price for batteries over the last years, a tipping point for electric buses to break through is within reach. Therefore, governments need guidance to change course drastically and to go electric today, rather than to postpone the decision and to procure another batch of conventional (or in the best case non-plug-in hybrid/compressed natural gas) vehicles. For this reason, an analysis is made covering the total cost of ownership (TCO) of different urban bus powertrains on a technological level. These are conventional diesel, plug-in hybrid electric (PHEV), compressed natural gas (CNG) and their battery electric variants. For the latter, we distinguish two types of charging, i.e. overnight charging (also: ‘depot charging’) and opportunity charging over the course of the bus’s trajectory. The TCO includes the capital expenditure of the bus and its lifetime operational costs, including the required charging/refuelling infrastructure.
The outcome presented for this exercise results from both interviewing the most prominent bus and infrastructure manufacturers, while occasional gaps in their answers are filled with the available information from the literature. Thus, we present an update of previous TCO analyses and focus on the European market. This report starts with an overview of the main parameters for the TCO study, to be subsequently followed by a sensitivity analysis. Then, an estimation of the required copper content of the combination of an electric bus fleet and its infrastructure is presented. Finally, we compare the current situation to the expected market potential by 2025.
This report offers an overview of the economic potential for electric powertrains applied in urban bus fleets. Being recognised by an ever-growing number of national and regional authorities, electrified powertrains serve as an essential means to reduce our impact on both climate change and to improve local air quality. Due to a plummeting price for batteries over the last years, a tipping point for electric buses to break through is within reach. Therefore, governments need guidance to change course drastically and to go electric today, rather than to postpone the decision and to procure another batch of conventional (or in the best case non-plug-in hybrid/compressed natural gas) vehicles. For this reason, an analysis is made covering the total cost of ownership (TCO) of different urban bus powertrains on a technological level. These are conventional diesel, plug-in hybrid electric (PHEV), compressed natural gas (CNG) and their battery electric variants. For the latter, we distinguish two types of charging, i.e. overnight charging (also: ‘depot charging’) and opportunity charging over the course of the bus’s trajectory. The TCO includes the capital expenditure of the bus and its lifetime operational costs, including the required charging/refuelling infrastructure.
The outcome presented for this exercise results from both interviewing the most prominent bus and infrastructure manufacturers, while occasional gaps in their answers are filled with the available information from the literature. Thus, we present an update of previous TCO analyses and focus on the European market. This report starts with an overview of the main parameters for the TCO study, to be subsequently followed by a sensitivity analysis. Then, an estimation of the required copper content of the combination of an electric bus fleet and its infrastructure is presented. Finally, we compare the current situation to the expected market potential by 2025.
Michael Glotz-Richter'in 7 Nisan 2011 günü Sürdürülebilir Ulaşım 2011 Kocaeli'de yaptığı sunum.
Presentation done by Michael Glotz-Richter on 7 April 2011 during Sustainable Transport 2011 Kocaeli, Turkey
Bruno Corbucci'nin 7 Nisan 2011 günü Sürdürülebilir Ulaşım 2011 Kocaeli'de yaptığı sunum.
Presentation done by Bruno Corbucci on 7 April 2011 during Sustainable Transport 2011 Kocaeli, Turkey
These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course on Business Models at National University of Singapore to analyze the business model for a fictitious alliance between Qualcomm and Bosch. Together, these firms can create a dense network of wireless charging stations that can enable the use of inexpensive electric vehicles. The dense network of charging stations reduces the importance of range and thus the weight, volume, and cost of batteries that are needed to propel the vehicle. The slides describe the value proposition, method of value capture, customers, scope of activities, and method of strategic control for Q-Bo, a fictitious alliance between Qualcomm and Bosch.
Electromobilité en Inde, Rajnish Ahuja, Pahle India Foundation, New DelhiVéronique SEEL (Michaut)
Electromobilité en Inde, Rajnish Ahuja, Pahle India Foundation, New Delhi
La Rochelle, EIGSI Ecole d’ingénieurs généralistes
3ième Edition du Forum des mobilités interrégionales « ENERGIES & TRANSPORT PUBLIC »
Michael Glotz-Richter'in 7 Nisan 2011 günü Sürdürülebilir Ulaşım 2011 Kocaeli'de yaptığı sunum.
Presentation done by Michael Glotz-Richter on 7 April 2011 during Sustainable Transport 2011 Kocaeli, Turkey
Bruno Corbucci'nin 7 Nisan 2011 günü Sürdürülebilir Ulaşım 2011 Kocaeli'de yaptığı sunum.
Presentation done by Bruno Corbucci on 7 April 2011 during Sustainable Transport 2011 Kocaeli, Turkey
These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course on Business Models at National University of Singapore to analyze the business model for a fictitious alliance between Qualcomm and Bosch. Together, these firms can create a dense network of wireless charging stations that can enable the use of inexpensive electric vehicles. The dense network of charging stations reduces the importance of range and thus the weight, volume, and cost of batteries that are needed to propel the vehicle. The slides describe the value proposition, method of value capture, customers, scope of activities, and method of strategic control for Q-Bo, a fictitious alliance between Qualcomm and Bosch.
Electromobilité en Inde, Rajnish Ahuja, Pahle India Foundation, New DelhiVéronique SEEL (Michaut)
Electromobilité en Inde, Rajnish Ahuja, Pahle India Foundation, New Delhi
La Rochelle, EIGSI Ecole d’ingénieurs généralistes
3ième Edition du Forum des mobilités interrégionales « ENERGIES & TRANSPORT PUBLIC »
Sanedi energy and_mobility_the_bus_unido_sustainable_transport_and_mobility_f...UNIDO-LCT
The United Nations Industrial Development Organization's Low Carbon Transport Project hosted a workshop seminar on sustainable transport and mobility for cities in Durban on the 30th of March 2017. This workshop was presented with the aim of highlighting the benefits of using electrified mobility powered by renewable energy. The objectives of the workshop included: Enlightening members of the sustainable transport fraternity in South Africa; sharing the current policy developments for sustainable transport use and operations; discussing the environmental benefits of including electric vehicles in South Africa’s transportation modal mix; offering insights to the various types of transport modes available and those suitable for city commuting and public services; proposing methods to include green vehicles into local government fleets; discussing the possibilities of converting a fleet to electric drive vehicles through other initiatives; demonstrating macroeconomic factors to better understand how the introduction of electrified transport modes could add value to the economy of the city and South Africa at large.
These slides use concepts from my (Jeff Funk) course entitled Biz Models for Hi-Tech Products to analyze the business model for wireless charging for electric vehicles. Wireless charging eliminates cables that require time-consuming connections and maintenance as water and sun degrade them. Continuous wireless charging reduces the required batter capacity through coils that are included in vehicles and embedded in roads. These slides describe the specific value proposition for cities, building owners, and other specific customers and other aspects of the business model such as the method of value capture, scope of activities, and method of strategic control.
Meng Yuan, Ph.D. Fellow, China University of Petroleum (Beijing)
Visiting researcher, Sustainable Energy Planning group, Aalborg University
Presentation at the 6th International Conference on Smart Energy Systems, 6-7 October 2020, Aalborg
Environmental impacts of electric mobility and interactions with the electric...Oeko-Institut
4th German-Japanese Environmental Dialogue Forum
Electric Mobility and Smart Grids: Strategies and Technologies
Tokyo, 17 and 18 November 2011
Florian Hacker, Oeko-Institut e.V., Berlin
Innovation needs for the integration of electric vehicles into the energy systemDrStefanWolf
The mitigation of climate change and the substitution of fossil energy sources is one of the greatest tasks of
our time. Electric mobility is the most promising solution to decarbonize the transport sector. As the market
for electric vehicles is quickly gaining momentum, an urgent need for intelligent integration of the
energy and mobility system arises. This integration leads to a multitude of technical, economic and social
challenges. Thus, this paper aims to identify the need for future research, development, standardization and
regulation to provide recommendations for action.
Presentation by:
Dr. Stefan Wolf and Roman Korzynietz
VDI/VDE Innovation + Technik GmbH
Presented at:
32nd International Electric Vehicle Symposium in Lyon (France)
This presentation details current models available for integrating electric vehicles onto the grid, case studies and possible improvements for future models.
Presentatie Nissan Leaf en Europese partners voor introductie elektrisch rijd...ZERAuto nl
Presentatie over de elektrische auto van Nissan (de Leaf) en de plannen van vijf landen/steden om de introductie van elektrisch rijden te stimuleren (inclusief Amsterdam).
Sustainable fleet program becoming a leader - calstart - 4-15-15CALSTART
Bill Van Amburg Joined Phil Russo and Claude Masters of NAFA to give fleets their first glimpse of a new standard for sustainability at the NAFA 2015 Institute & Expo in April 2015. This overview covers the new program which will offer accreditation and recognition for fleets of all types and sizes to achieve fuel efficiency, benefiting the environment and their own bottom lines.
Interested in adding EV charging infrastructure at your workplace? Want to learn best practices and hear from companies with practical experience? CALSTART and Clean Fuels Ohio organized this free informational webinar on January 27, 2015. This 1.5 hour session covered a wide range of important topics, including:
Discussion Topics
• Best practices for workplace charging
• Internal company incentives supportive of EVs
• Case studies from successful workplace charging installations
• Q & A
These industry experts presented and were available for interaction with attendees:
Webinar Speakers
• Jasna Tomic, Research Director – CALSTART
• Cynthia Maves, Director of Grant Administration – Clean Fuels Ohio
• Andrew Gilmore – BookFactory
• Tom Harrington – Intuit
• Grant Dawdy – Disney
Annual meeting Blue Sky Award summary slide show finalCALSTART
CALSTART held its Annual Meeting and Blue Sky Award Ceremony on December 9, 2014 at the Westin Bonaventure Hotel in Los Angeles, CA. Among the many dignitaries present were representatives from the US EPA, DOE's ARPA-E, California Air Resources Board and the California Energy Commission. Blue Sky Award winners were Senator Fran Pavley, California State Senate District 27
Senator Ricardo Lara, California State Senate District 33
Assemblyman Henry T. Perea, California State Senate District 31; General Motors; Frito-Lay; and Caterpillar Inc.
Heavy-Duty Natural Gas Vehicle Roadmap September 2014CALSTART
Heavy-Duty Natural Gas Vehicle Roadmap September 2014 created by the California High-Efficiency Advanced Truck Research Center (CalHEAT) found NG a Significant Enabler for California and the SoCalGas region to enable a reduction in the use of petroleum as well as reduce criteria emissions in heavy duty vehicles
Collaboration. Decision. Action. The High-Efficiency Truck Users Forum represents the process for making change happen in the high efficiency truck and bus arena. The HTUF 2014 National Meeting is built around action, engagement, and collaboration. Industry and military thought leaders will gather to identify and address the barriers to the adoption of high-efficiency truck and bus technologies. This year's National Meeting was held at Argonne National Lab. Generous sponsors included Southern Company and Hino Trucks. Many thanks to our speakers, panelists, media partners and all who attended.
Htuf national meeting preview webinar 8 19-14CALSTART
Steve Sokolsky, the High-Efficiency Truck Users Forum Program Lead, gave a brief preview of the upcoming 2014 National Meeting, scheduled for September 23-24 in Argonne, IL. At the meeting, attendees will hear about the latest policies and technologies for medium- and heavy-duty vehicles from government, industry and fleet professionals. Attendees will also get tours of the Argonne National Lab and participate in the famous HTUF Ride & Drive.
CARB California Hybrid & Zero Emission Truck Voucher Incentive Project (HVIP)CALSTART
Steve Sokolsky, Senior Project Manager, CALSTART, gave this presentation on the Air Resources Board's California Hybrid & Zero Emission Truck Voucher Incentive Project (HVIP) at the Northern California Green Airport Fleet Partnership Workshop and Expo, June 25, 2014. Co-hosted by East Bay Clean Cities and CALSTART, the event gathered representatives from area airports to discuss clean fleet technologies and funding opportunities.
US EPA, West Coast Collaborative Funding, Partnership Opportunities Airport G...CALSTART
John Mikulin Regional Lead, Electric Vehicle Deployment Public Fleets Sector Lead, West Coast Collaborative Clean Energy & Climate Change Office – Air Division US EPA, Region 9 gave this presentation on funding opportunities at the Northern California Green Airport Fleet Partnership Workshop and Expo, June 25, 2014. Co-hosted by East Bay Clean Cities and CALSTART, the event gathered representatives from area airports to discuss clean fleet technologies and funding.
East Bay Clean Cities, US Clean Cities OverviewCALSTART
Richard Battersby, East Bay Clean Cities Coalition gave this presentation on the US Department of Enegy (DOE) Clean Cities Coalitions at the Northern California Green Airport Fleet Partnership Workshop and Expo, June 25, 2014. Co-hosted by East Bay Clean Cities and CALSTART, the event gathered representatives from area airports to discuss clean fleet technologies and funding.
Laura Rigney, SFO Shuttle Bus, gave this presentation on its operations--a fleet of CNG shuttles for the San Francisco International Airport--at the Northern California Green Airport Fleet Partnership Workshop and Expo, June 25, 2014. Co-hosted by East Bay Clean Cities and CALSTART, the event gathered representatives from area airports to discuss clean fleet technologies and funding.
Doing Well by Doing Good Alaska Airlines & Horizon Air Green Airport FleetsCALSTART
Janet Baad, Alaska Airlines presented on Alaska and Horizon Airlines' sustainability efforts at the Northern California Green Airport Fleet Partnership Workshop and Expo, June 25, 2014. Co-hosted by East Bay Clean Cities and CALSTART, the event gathered representatives from area airports to discuss clean fleet technologies and funding.
FedEx Connecting the World in Responsible and Resourceful WaysCALSTART
Allison Bird, FedEx, gave this overview of the company's sustainability efforts at the Northern California Green Airport Fleet Partnership Workshop and Expo, June 25, 2014. Co-hosted by East Bay Clean Cities and CALSTART, the event gathered representatives from area airports to discuss clean fleet technologies and funding.
Best Practices & Lessons Learned: Clean Fleets San Diego International Airpor...CALSTART
Brett K. Caldwell, AICP, San Diego International Airport, presented on the airport's experiences and best practices for adopting clean vehicles at the Northern California Green Airport Fleet Partnership Workshop and Expo, June 25, 2014. Co-hosted by East Bay Clean Cities and CALSTART, the event gathered representatives from area airports to discuss clean fleet technologies and funding.
Bay Area Air Quality Management District Green Airport Fleets Funding Opportu...CALSTART
Michael Neward, Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD), spoke on the agency's role in protecting air quality, as well as funding opportunities for public agencies at the Northern California Green Airport Fleet Partnership Workshop and Expo, June 25, 2014. Co-hosted by East Bay Clean Cities and CALSTART, the event gathered representatives from area airports to discuss clean fleet technologies and funding.
San José International Airport (SJC) Clean Fleets ProgramCALSTART
Bob Guerra, Regulatory Environmental Compliance Officer, City of San José presented on the San José International Airport (SJC) alternative fuels and electric vehicle programs at the Northern California Green Airport Fleet Partnership Workshop and Expo, June 25, 2014. Co-hosted by East Bay Clean Cities and CALSTART, the event gathered representatives from area airports to discuss clean fleet technologies and funding.
Oakland International Airport (OAK) Environmental InitiativesCALSTART
Susan Fizzell, Oakland International Airport (OAK), gave a presentation on the airport's environmental initiatives at the Northern California Green Airport Fleet Partnership Workshop and Expo, June 25, 2014. Co-hosted by East Bay Clean Cities and CALSTART, the event gathered representatives from area airports to discuss clean fleet technologies and funding.
Sacramento International Airport (SMF) Green Fleet OverviewCALSTART
Alfredo Cortez and Bree Taylor, Sacramento International Airport (SMF), offered an overview of the airport's alternative fuel vehicle and infrastructure programs at at the Northern California Green Airport Fleet Partnership Workshop and Expo, June 25, 2014. Co-hosted by East Bay Clean Cities and CALSTART, the event gathered representatives from area airports to discuss clean fleet technologies and funding.
Sacramento International Airport (SMF) Green Fleet Overview
Dr. SUN Feng-chun, Vice President, Beijing Institute of Technology
1. Commercial EV Technologies
and Applications in Beijing
Prof. Dr. SUN Feng-chun
Chief Expert , Beijing New Energy Projrct
Director National Engineering Laboratory
for Electric Vehicles
Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT)
Oct. 30, 2012
3. City Vehicles in Beijing
Total Vehicles in Beijing: 5,168,000 (2012-09-31)
Cars: 4,447,000 (2012-09-31)
Trucks: 425,000 (2011-12-31)
Busses: 42,887 (2011-12-31)
Public Transit Busses : 21,628 (2011-12-31)
Taxies: 66,646 (201112-31)
Sanitation Vehicles : 7,400
City Trucks for Goods and Materials: 42,000
4. Why? …… City CO2 Reduction
In Beijing, each transit bus runs 200km per day averagely
with an average fuel consumption of 45liter/100km. If it is
replaced by an electric bus and runs 350 days per year,
there would save fuel by 31,500 liters and reduce CO2
emission by 63 tons after the consideration of 11 tons CO2
emission during the electricity generation process.
E-Buses Fuel Saving CO2 Reduction Net CO2 Reduction
In Beijing /Year (liter) /Year (ton) /Year (ton)
2008 (50 EVs) 1,575,000 3,701 3,150
2009 (100 EVs) 3,150,000 7,402 6,300
2011 (300 EVs) 9,450,000 22,206 18,900
2012(500EVS) 15,750,000 37,010 31,500
5. BIT EV Bus & Truck System for China
Three sub. systems EM-ITS
Application Remote Communication
Charge Management & Diagnosis, Dispatching
Vehicles
Infrastructure
Charge/Exchange Station E-Buses
6. EV for 2008 Beijing Olympics
A fleet of 50 E-buses ran 24 hours a day, 7 days a week in
the zero-emission central Olympic zone. The target of
zero-failure operation is achieved.
Media Village
GPS
GPRS
North Loop
Olympics park
Central Loop
Charge/change Station
7. EV for 2010 Shanghai Expo
1230 EVs including 120 E-buses
operated in Shanghai Expo. Here
the largest charging/Swap station
in the world provided service for
pure electric buses, amounting to
60,000 times of charging and
battery exchange. An average
of 500,000 passengers
took the buses each day.
Shanghai Expo
Charging station
8. EV in 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou
26 electric buses also operated successfully
in the 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou.
Charging Station Service in Guangzhou
9. National Projects: 2011-2015
The “Ten Cities with 1000 EVs Each” Program has
been launched by the national government. Actually
26 cities have received national support. Stimulus
policies for private EVs are being tried out in 6 cities
like Beijing, Shanghai, Hefei, Shenzhen, Hangzhou,
Changchun.
11. EV Application Projects in Beijing
Beijing launched the pure electric Busses
1994 & sanitation vehicle program in 2008.
The EV Lab at BIT developed 30 sanitation
vehicles and started EV application in
Beijing.
12. EV Plan in Beijing
Annual plan for commercial EVs in Beijing
2009 2010 2011 2012 Total
E-Buses 100 50 50 350 550
Hybrid Electric
Buses
870 870
E-Sanitation Trucks 30 1000 1300 100 2430
E-MPV or Taxis 50 400 800 1250
Total 1000 1100 1750 1250 5100
13. EV Infrastructure Plan in Beijing
Charging infrastructure development plan
2010 2011 2012 Total
Charging Point 100 1300 2500 3900
Charging Station 1 3 8 12
Charg. /Exchange
Station 0 1 0 1
Batt. Recycle St. 1 3 7 11
Mantan. Station 1 1 3 5
Info. Center 1 - 1 2
14. Commercial EV in Beijing
Batt. Package fast Exchange in 6 Minutes
15. 30 Electric Sanitation Vehicles in 2009
Sweeper Vacu. SWP Garbage Compres. Sprinkler Total
12 2 10 6 30
vacuum sweeper vacuum sweeper
Compressor & Transportation sprinkler
16. 2100 2T Mini Collectors
Max. Weight 2300 kg
Curb Weight 1400 kg
Dimension 4240×1510×
1850
Voltage 384 V
Batt. 60 Ah
Motor 30kW/55kW
Max. Speed > 90km/h
Range > 150km
Grad. > 20%
23. Preferential Policies in Beijing
Subsidies for Demonstration Vehicles
sources Sum `Details
(¥1000)
state BP Cars:23000×60,000/p.car =1,380,000,000
government 1,730,000 Plug-in :7000×50,000/p. car = 350,000,000
Local BP Cars: 23000×60,000/p.car =1,380,000,000
government 1,730,000 Plug-in :7000×50,000/p. car = 350,000,000
Subsidies for Charging Infrastructure Construction
Infrastructure Sum (¥1000) Details
funding
36000×7,000×30%
Charging point: 75,600
=75,600,000
Charging 12,000 100×400,000×30%
Station =120,000,000
Charge/exchange 3,000
1×10,000,000×30%
Station =3,000,000
24. Preferential Policies in Beijing
Popularization and promotion of EV applications
Increase public awareness of the importance of
new energy vehicles
Organize public activities and events such as new
energy vehicle trial drive, fairs and exhibitions,
symposiums etc. to create a social and marketing
environment that would contribute to the
popularization and promotion of new energy
vehicles
26. BIT EV Development History
The National EV Lab at BIT has dedicated to the integration
and the development of E-buses and other environment-
friendly vehicles for 20 years and has received three
National Prizes for Science and Technology. It is playing a
key role in the battery-powered EV development in China.
2nd Generation
5th Generation
3rd Generation 4th Generation
Prototyping 1st Generation
Standard
Platform &
Ultra low- floor E -Bus Model mass mass
YW6120 DD BJD 6100 EV E-Bus Products E-Bus Model for Olympics Products Applications
自主创新
1992 引进消化
1994 - 1994 2000
2000 2001
2001 2003
2003 2005 2006 2007 2008
2008 2010
2010
2008 2011
2010
2008
运行考核与推广应用
28. BIT E-Bus Platform
1) Replacement of the
traditional converting
method with the
overall system design
to adapt to the
characteristics of EVs
2) Establishment of BIT EV Platform
overall EV technical
platform, integration
and systematization of
EV technologies
29. BIT E-Bus Cooperation
BIT E-Bus Platform, with standardized design of the
key components based on an ultra-low floor bus Chassis.
The platform and key technologies are applied on 17 E-
bus models by 12 manufacturers such as FOTON Bus,
SUNWIN Bus, FAW Bus and YUTONG, etc. they are also
applied on other vehicles such as sanitation vehicles in
Beijing.
30. BIT Motor-Controll System
The high-Efficiency PMSM motor drive system with a
liquid-cooling and a multi-motor integrated controller
design, and with the characteristics of high power
density (2.35kW/kg), large torque and high efficiency,
high dynamic performance.
31. BIT AMT & Power-Train System
Integrated motor and transmission system
with a two-shift or three-shift AMT that is
characteristics of no-clutch design, automatic
shifting and systematic integration.
32. BIT EV Battery Pack System
Standard Battery Packs: characteristic of dust prevention, water
prevention, fire prevention, ventilation, heat dissipation a n d
insulation against the vehicle body.
Compatible to Battery Pack Charge/Exchange station:
characteristic of aotumatic positioning, automatic and synchronous
exchange & connection of the power line and communication line.
33. BIT EV - Auxiliary System
High-efficiency electric auxiliary systems with electric
hydraulic power steering system, electric air pump and
electric air conditioner system ……
34. BIT C/S Station System
Battery Pack automatic Swape
system: the ten-battery packs
for one bus can be exchanged by
two robots in only 6 minutes.
Olympics E-bus Charge/Swape station
35. Thank You For
Your Attention!
National Engineering Laboratory for Electric Vehicles
Beijing Institute of Technology
5 South Zhongguancun Street, Haidian District
Beijing 100081
TEL: +86-10-68913992
FAX:+86-10-68940589
E-mail: sunfch@bit.edu.cn