John Tilman, Manager Regulatory Affairs, Mercedes-Benz, Research and Development, presenting on Mercedes-Benz's Electric Vehicle efforts at the E-Mobility Symposium in Los Angeles on October 26, 2011 at the W-Hotel Westwood/ Los Angeles. For more information, please visit www.accessio.com/e-mobility

1. E-Mobility – The Way into the Future
Ralf Noha / John Tillman
Daimler AG
California, October 2011

2. Introduction
Global Trends
Limited Resources Increasing Mobility CO2, Fuel Consumption,
Energy Security
Megacities Top 5 Ranking
1900 2003 2010
$/Barrel London 6,5 Tokyo 35,0 Tokyo 40,0
150
New York 5,5 Mexico City 18,7 Seoul 30,0
125 09/2010: ~$80
100 Tokyo 5,2 New York 18,3 Mumbai 25,0 City-Charge London
75
50 ? Paris 4,0 Sao Paulo 17,9 Mexico City 25,0 Daily Fee:
25 Berlin 2,4 Bombay 17,4 Sao Paulo 25,0
8£
Source: Bronger (1996), UN Habitat Report (2009)
1950 2000 2050
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3. Introduction
Factors for the Origin of CO2
• 46% Engine
10% Weight
• 29% Efficiency
(not optimisable)
• 17% Friction / Combustion-
8% Others process etc.
(optimisable)
Air Conditioning,
Electronics,
Steering
13% Transmission
11% Air Resistance
12% Roll Resistance
• Data for Medium-Class-Segment
(3-Litre Gasoline Engine | RWD | NEFZ)
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4. Introduction
CO2- and Energy comparison
Fuel Cell: High range (>400 km), short refueling time (3 min),
Applicable for different vehicle concepts
Battery: Optimal operation in compact cars for the city traffic (100-150 km),
Recharging over night and on public parking spaces
200
Electric Vehicle with Battery and
Fuel Cell need a new infrastructure
175
with high invests to be able to run
GHG* Emissions [g CO2eq/km]
Diesel
Optiresource, 2007 Reference vehicle class: VW Golf
Hybrid Gasoline
Source: EUCAR/CONCAWE "Well-to-Wheels Report 2007";
150 Electric Vehicle with (Diesel)
Fuel Cell
(Fueled by 100% Hybrid
125
H2 from fossil sources) (Gasoline)
Plug-in Hybrid with Fuel Cell
100 (Fueled by 100%
renewable electricity)
Transformation
Electric Vehicle
of Technology
75
with Battery
Costs for
(Fueled by 100%
Electric Vehicle with Battery electricity from EU-Mix)
50 (Fueled by 100%
renewable electricity) Electric Vehicle
with Fuel Cell
25
(Fueled by 100%
renewable H2)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240
Energy Consumption Well-to-Wheel [MJ/100km]
*GHG: Green House Gas
Electric drive trains are a real step to reduce energy consumption and
green-house emissions. Using EVs means a significant step forward.
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5. Introduction
Daimler’s Technology Portfolio for Sustainable Mobility
Optimization of our Locally emission-free driving
Hybridization for further
vehicles with high-tech with electric vehicles with
increase in efficiency
combustion engines fuel-cell/ battery
BlueEFFICIENCY
CGI BlueTEC DIESOTTO HYBRID Range Extender Plug-In Fuel-Cell Battery-/E-Drive
Energy sources
for the
mobility of the future
Clean fuels for combustion engines Locally Emission free driving
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6. Introduction
… but to make them practical for every day life we have to think
beyond the vehicle
• EV / PHEV • Leasing
Vehicle Battery • Service
• On-board-charger
• On-board telemetric • Management
• Charging cable • Remanufacturing
• … • Reuse
• Recycling
• …
• Remote control EV- • Charge spots for
Services Charging
& command fleets and private
• Charge spot routing customers
and reservation • Access to public
• Billing charge spots
• … • Renewable
electricity
• Load management
• …
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7. Project e-mobility
e-mobility Project:
We are focusing “from wind to wheel and beyond“
Cluster I. Cluster II. Cluster III.
http://ed.smart.com
Chargin
Energy- Energy Comm Custo
g- Conn- Batteri Servic After Secon Recycli
productio - uni- Vehicle mer
infrastru ector e es Sales d Life ng
n logistic cation Offer
ctur
Charging Interface Grid Market
Wallbox Meter Service
connection
Activities
Vehicle- Standards of AP5: „Standards, Regulations and Lobbying“
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8. Necessary Charging Strategy ..
Charging times will never reach refueling times of combustion
engine vehicles
Refueling time of ICE vehicle
• Flow rate of filling station ≈ 10 gallons per minute
• Fuel efficiency of ICE vehicle ≈ 30 mpg
• Refueling time ca. 20 seconds for 100 miles
Power needed to refuel an EV as fast as an ICE vehicle
• Energy consumption ≈ 25 kWh for 100 miles
• Refueling time same as ICE vehicle
• Required charging power ≈ 5 MW
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9. Necessary Charging Strategy ..
Household sockets cannot deliver the power needed to meet
customer expectations
NEMA
5-15
1,4 kW 14h 38h
CEE
2,3 kW 8h 23h
7/7
IEC 62196-2 Type
1 7,2 kW 2,5h 7h
(≈J1772TM)
IEC 62196-2 44 kW 30 min. 1,2h
Type 2
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10. Connectors for Charging Options
For AC-charging up to 43 kW and DC-charging up to
25 / 50 kW Typ 2 –Plug will be used
For DC-Fast charging Combo-Plug will be used
Connector Charging option
system
USA Europe 3,3kW 25kW 50kW 90kW
kW
AC
AC 1-Phase
1- plus
Phase (Japan,
USA)
AC
3-Phase
(with 22kW battery charger or inverter shop)
DC In examination
(with Type 1*/ 2) for type 2
DC
(Combo plug connector system with type 1 or 2 as AC core, country dependent)
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Initiative Ladeschnittstelle (AK4.3), Status AC- und DC-Laden

11. Project e-mobility
Why Standards, Regulations & Legislative Advocacy?
Interoperability Zero-Emission
• Customer should be • Secure of
able to charge ZERO-
everywhere Emissions-
• Reduction market Certification
variants DAI
è Definition of international Charging- è Exclusively use of renewable
Interface and Billing Standards energy and smart charging
Electr. Power Infrastructure
1000
800
• High charging • Fast construction
Anteil
d er
H aushalte
mit
einem
E V
L eistung
[W]
80%
600 (15.000
k m
p .a.,
2 00Wh/km)
40%
20%
400 10%
power at low prices of comprehensive
5%
Standard
L astprofil
3
P ersonen
H aushalt
200 (Werktag
im
Winter)
€
0
infrastructure
00:00 04:00 08:00 12:00 16:00 20:00 00:00
Uhrzeit
è Support of load management and è Establishing a model for financing
flexible Tariff models public infrastructure
è Avoidance of high taxing of electr. è Shortening / simplifying approval
vehicle power procedures
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12. Standardization
Daimler Playing Leading Role in Setting International EV Charging
Standards
Commitment of OEMs, utilities and suppliers for
one connector standard
Ø One connector design for world-wide typical
voltage and amp levels
Ø Charge capability up to 43kW
Ø Low cost, robust connector design,with redundant
safety levels
Ø Locking of connector for safety and theft
Ø Support of digital communication between vehicle
and charging spot
• Setting the right standards now creates a benefit for all players
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13. Project e-mobility
Additional cooperation projects started with strong focus towards
establishing standards
Unique Business Unique Business
Role Daimler Role Utility
• EV+Battery • Charging
development, development,
production, marketing production, marketing
and service installation and service
• Evaluate customer • Electricity production,
attitudes and behavior distribution,
towards EVs management and
Shared Business Role Daimler + Energy
billing
Partner
• Define, develop, promote and standardize key
vehicle and grid interfaces and infrastructure
components (EV couplers, “smart charge”
interface)
• Promotion and co-development of low cost,
high-power, intelligent, AC public charging
John.tillman@daimler.com infrastructure
Standards and Regulations Mercedes-Benz Cars Slide 13

14. Project e-mobility
Worldwide Fleet Operation with Daimler’s Battery Electric Vehicles
Ø World wide fleet operation in diverse demonstration projects in
Northern America, Europe and Asia from 2010
Ø End of 2009 start of production smart fortwo electric drive
2nd generation: production volume more than 2.000
Ø Vito E-CELL: production of 100 units since 2010
Until 2012 production of further 2.000 units
Ø Production volume A-Class E-CELL: 500 units
Ø From 2012 the smart fortwo electric drive (3.generation) will be
launched in more than 30 markets
smart fortwo ed (2.gen) A-Class E-CELL
Technical Data
smart fortwo electric
Vehicle A-Class E-CELL Vito E-CELL
drive (phase 2)
Output: 30 kW (41 PS) Output: 70kW (95 PS) Output: 70kW (95 PS)
Motor
Torque: 120 Nm Torque: 290 Nm Torque: 280 Nm
Range (NEFZ) 135 km more than 200 km 130 km
Top speed 100 km/h 150 km/h 80 km/h
Lithium-Ion-Battery, Lithium-Ion-Battery, Lithium-Ion-Battery,
Battery
Capacity: 16,5 kWh Capacity: 36 kWh Capacity: 36 kWh
Vito E-CELL
Daimler has the target to commercialize battery electric vehicles in the foreseeable future
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15. What we have learned ...
First results from our fleet tests show high overall customer satisfaction
after one year of use, but some issues have to be tackled
Fleet test customer survey
+ "Absolutely fun to drive"
+ "Range is sufficient for urban driving, once
you have gained the confidence"
+ "Positive, innovative, green perception in
my circle of friends and colleagues"
+ "Very low running cost and high reliability"
- "Don't have high confidence in the driving
range" (absolute range not an issue)
- "Long charging time"
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16. Necessary Charging Strategy ..
Ubiquitous charging is most effective to minimize time loss for the
customer
First priority: Ubiquitous charging Target
• Trip distance ≤ max. range of vehicle
• Charging while doing other things > 98%
• Parking time ≥ charging time
• No time loss except plugging in
Second priority: Dedicated charging stop
• Waiting for vehicle to be charged
• Trip distance > max. range of vehicle
< 2%
• Parking time = charging time
• Ca. 20 min. time loss
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17. Charging Communication ...
Charge Roaming with Automatic Billing for Convenience and Cost
Effectiveness
Micropayment at the Contracts with different Contract with one
spot charge spot operators provider incl. roaming
(like cell phone)
Banking account number Contract ID by RFID tag Contract ID by vehicle to
or cash charge spot
communication
• Customer must track • Multitude of contracts, • One contract with
prices and conditions at bills and authentication consolidated billing
each spot devices • No customer interaction
• Customer interaction for • Customer interaction for for payment needed
payment needed
John.tillman@daimler.com
payment needed
Standards and Regulations Mercedes-Benz Cars Slide 17

18. Charging Communication ...
Communication between the vehicle and the infrastructure
will be needed for safety, load management and billing
Grid Charge spot Vehicle
Cable safety test successfully
1
completed, please lock my charge
I can deliver up to 22kW 2 cord
3 Here’s my ID, I am an
authenticated PEV and I would like
Valid ID, please go ahead, 4 to charge
power will be activated
I need 12kWh to fully
Here are the power levels & 5
recharge until 9am next
prices over time for your needs
morning
+ special rate for wind-power 6
of up to 10kW between 3am to O.K I adjust my plans and will
7
6am for 3cents/kWh charge from 3am to 5am at 6kW
So far I delivered 5kWh 8
to you, please confirm
9 I confirm to have received ca.
I12kWh leave, please unlock
want to
10
the charge cord
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19. Charging Communication ...
Summary – Use-cases for V2G communication
§ Automatic payment from PEV
Simple
§ Access to all charging stations with one contract (Roaming)
payment & § Secure payment via state-of-the art signatures & certificates
billing
SmartCharging System
Optimized § Cost-optimized (e.g. night tariff) and battery-optimized (SoC, charging power,
temperature) charging
load § Support of renewable energy in the grid for emission-free driving
managem § Fleet-management for areas with high density of PEVs
ent
§ PEV status information (current SoC, remaining charge time..)
Additional
§ Remote control of charging (e.g. departure time)
PEV-
§ Access to internet-based services (e.g. diagnostics, software updates, etc.)
customer
services
§ Authentication of certified off-board charging equipment
DC- § Charge-control via voltage and amperage control commands
Charging § Re-usage of communication technology for AC & DC-charging
Control
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20. Charging Communication ...
Remote vehicle status information and control will be essential for
customer acceptance of battery and grid optimized charging
Status information
• Current state of charge
• Predicted end of charge
• Charge interruption
warning
• Vehicle position
• …
Set parameters
• End of charge target
• Required range
• Cabin preconditioning
• …
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21. Our Products are Ready to Run
We offer our vehicles currently in full service lease package
…but there are 3 important issues to solve
• The Mercedes-Benz and smart contracts include vehicle (incl. battery)
insurance, maintenance and repair.
• Infrastructure and electricity are currently provided in cooperation with
utilities.
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22. Infrastructure
Infrastructure
Infrastructure
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23. Introduction
With electric vehicles we will surpass your wildest dreams …
Mercedes-Benz SLS AMG E-CELL
with electric drive
Max. output 392 kW
Torque 880Nm
0-60mph ≈4s
CO2-emissions 0 g/km
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24. Thank you for your
attention!
Looking forward to
your questions!
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