CENEX 1

1. Centre of Excellence for Low Carbon
& Fuel Cell Technologies
Biomethane as a Road Transport Fuel
Andrew Whittles
Project Development Manager
andrew.whittles@cenex.co.uk

2. Introduction to Cenex
Carbon Problem
Air Quality Problem
Biomethane as an Integrated Solution
Environmental and Socio - Economic Benefits
Opportunities – Demonstration, Funding
Summary

3. Background to Cenex
• UK’s first Centre of Excellence for Low Carbon and Fuel Cell
Technologies
• Formed in 2005 to assist BERR to help catalyse innovation in the UK
automotive supply chain
– Targeting assisting UK motor industry competitiveness
• NOT an R&D Centre of Excellence
– Emphasis on exploiting the potential of new technology through
the early market entry phase
• Run Programmes and deliver projects for National Government and
Government Agencies

7. National Air Quality
Natural Environment PSA 28
‘Secure a healthy
natural environment
for today and the
future’.
Air free from harmful levels of air pollution
Meet air quality objectives for key air pollutants Main sources
in the AQS as illustrated by trends in road transport
measurements of two of the more important
pollutants which affect public health: particles
and nitrogen dioxide.

8. Annual average concentration
(µg m-3) for NO2 and PM10

9. LAs with current AQMAs
Region LAs with Current AQMAs
Defra KPIs
England 166
London 33
N. Ireland 11
Scotland 12
Wales 8
LAs with AQMAs by Pollutant
Region Benz NO2 PM10 SO2
England 1 155 36 9
London - 33 28 -
Northern Ireland - 6 5 1
Scotland - 7 4 1
Wales - 7 1 -
Totals 1 208 74 11

10. NO2 concentration (µg m )
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Belfast Metropolitan
Urban Area
Bristol Urban Area
Central Scotland
East Midlands
Eastern
Buses
Glasgow Urban Area
Greater London Urban
Area
Greater Manchester
Urban Area
Kingston upon Hull
Liverpool Urban Area
Local Traffic: Buses
North East
Local Traffic: HGVs Rigid
HGVs
North Wales
Local Traffic: Motorbikes & Mopeds
North West &
Merseyside
Total Non Transport + Urban Background
Nottingham Urban Area
Portsmouth Urban Area
Sheffield Urban Area
South East
Limit Value
Source Apportionment for NO2: 2015
South Wales
Local Traffic: Cars
Local Traffic: LGVs
Background
Southampton Urban
Local Traffic: HGVs Artic Area
Teesside Urban Area
Local Traffic
The Potteries
Tyneside
West Midlands
West Midlands Urban
Area
West Yorkshire Urban
Area
Yorkshire &
Humberside

11. Euro Emission Standards

12. Courtesy Iveco
Courtesy VW
Examples of OEM Gas
Vehicles available in UK
Courtesy Daimler

13. Aggregated Well to Wheel Emissions - EMISSIONS
AGGREGATED WELL to WHEELS Concawe
800
750
700
650
600
550
500
450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
-50
-100
-150
1 3 8 10 12 15 18 21 24 26 29 32 35 38 40 42 45 50 53 55 60 63 68 71 73 76 79 81 84 87 90 93 96 101 104 107 10
1 13
1 16
1 19
1 122 125 130 133
CONCAWE – March 2007

15. Courtesy Hardstaff

21. Tonnes of biodegrable waste to landfill (000's)
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
20
05
/0
6
20
06
/0
7
20
07
/0
8
20
08
/0
9
20
09
/1
0
20
10
/1
1
20
11
/1
2
20
12
/1
3
20
13
/1
4
20
14
/1
5
London’s Landfill Challenge
20
15
landfill
/1
BMW to landfill
6
20
BMW permitted to
16
/1
7
20
17
/1
8
20
18
/1
9
20
19
/2
0

22. Final LATS Allocations
Base Year 2010 2013 2020
Leeds City Council 246,603 151,189 100,703 70,465
Hertfordshire CC 298,406 219,073 145,918 102,103
Essex County Council 386,319 281,901 187,766 131,386
Greater Manchester WDA 850,010 557,297 371,200 259,740
Greenwich Council 35,515 53,214 35,445 24,802
BMW - Tonnes

23. LEEDS:
LATS Projection Prior to Long-Term Residual Waste Treatment Solution
2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 2013/14
LATS 203,667 179,813 151,189 134,360 117,531 100,703 96,383
Allowances
BMW Landfilled 197,407 185,823 174,756 153,449 143,724 135,713 135,574
Shortfall/excess 6,260 (6,010) (23,567) (19,089) (26,193) (35,010) (39,191)
in LATS
Bank /Sell /Buy Bank / Use buy buy buy buy buy
sell surplus
Assumes implementation of recycling strategy to meet 50% target by 2020
Leeds CC landfilled 77% of domestic waste collected in 2006/07

24. Socio – Economic Benefits
- Fully Allocated Costs of Surface Transport
- Economic Growth
- Fuel Security
- Fuel Poverty
- Fuel Duty & RTFO
- Social Responsibility

25. Noise
London Night-Time Lorry Ban!
Water Quality
Fertilizer
There must be something wrong !

26. Toolkits

27. Demonstration
- Camden
- Leeds
- Sheffield
- Royal Mail
- Lincolnshire & Norwich

28. Stornoway

29. DfT Infrastructure Grant Programme

31. Buses

32. Bus Operator Grant - BSOG
• Low Carbon Emission Vehicles – LCEV
• 30% GHG Emission Improvement over Euro 3
• 6p per km additional subsidy
• Cannot be achieved by use of biofuel unless it is a BIOGAS

33. London 2012 Low Carbon Bus Legacy Project

35. Refreshed Approach
Low Emission Strategies,
Schemes & Zones
Economic incentives for
Euro 6 and beyond
Defra KPIs
Vehicle Emission Toolkits

36. ‘Encouraging wider
adoption of low
emission strategies
by local authorities
and supporting the
effective use of
associated policies
and measures’
www.lowemissionstrategies.org

37. Cenex EV trials
Courtesy Mitsubishi

38. Biomethane for Transport Working Group
www.biomethane.org

39. Summary
- Vehicle emissions are a significant concern to both climate
change and for their effects on morbidity and mortality
- Biomethane as a road transport fuel provides an opportunity
to significantly improve emissions cost-effectively
- Current technology is capable of meeting the challenge
- Government thinking is coming in line and regulatory and
funding mechanisms are starting to reflect this
- Optimism that we can tackle our problems but need to
implement strategies and develop tools to inform those
strategies

40. Centre of Excellence for Low Carbon
& Fuel Cell Technologies
www.cenex.co.uk
Andrew Whittles
andrew.whittles@cenex.co.uk