The document summarizes a hybrid bus users forum discussing hybrid bus technology. It provides an overview of hybrid bus benefits including lower emissions and better fuel economy compared to conventional buses. It also discusses some customer concerns about hybrid buses such as added costs. The document outlines the key components of a hybrid bus and summarizes the performance of ADL hybrid buses, including over 3.5 million hybrid miles completed and over 633,000 liters of fuel saved to date. It concludes by discussing next steps such as developing a hybrid-only Enviro 350 model and potential future government subsidies to support hybrid bus adoption.

1. Hybrid Bus Users Forum
26th May 2011

2. Background
Breakthrough
Technology
Emission – g CO2 / km
Current
LPG /CNG Carbon
Petrol
Evolution
Diesel
Low
Carbon
Hybrids Fuel Cells
Ethanol + H2 Zero
Bio fuels Carbon
Time
Time Now 10/15-years

3. What is a Hybrid?
Electric driveline + energy store
Downsize engine Reduced fuel consumption
££££££ £
Reduced
emissions
Recover free braking
energy

4. Hybrid Benefits Customer Concerns
• Low emissions
– Global warming – CO2 • Added cost and weight
– Local air quality – NOx,
particulates • Relatively immature technology
• Better fuel economy • Training & maintenance
requirements
• Smooth acceleration and
performance
• High voltage concerns
• Quieter operation
• Battery life
• More reliable than alternative
fuels

5. Energy Store
Parallel Hybrid
Retains mechanical drive between engine Controller Motor/generator
and axle
Electrical motor / generator blended in to
assist acceleration and retardation Engine Gearbox
As used in Enviro500 with the Allison Wheels
hybrid drive
Energy Store
Series Hybrid
No mechanical link between engine and Controller
axle
Engine drives a generator, electric motor Engine
connected to axle
Wheels
As used in Enviro200 & Enviro400 with the
BAE Systems Hybridrive Generator
Motor

6. Hybrid Elements
•Prime mover
•Electric machines
•Energy storage
•Energy management strategy

7. HybriDrive ® family of products
Current system supports:
• In-line (T-drive)
• V-drive
• Transverse
1-speed gearbox 11-16 Ton
120 kW motor GVWR
140 kW generator
TB100
Legacy system
1-speed gearbox
1-speed 160 kW motor 16-22 Ton
gearbox 200 kW generator GVWR
190 kW motor
TB200
120 kW
generator
1-speed gearbox
290 kW motor
230 kW generator 22-26 Ton
Transverse GVWR
mount (only)
TB300
Modular, scalable hybrid propulsion for the complete model range

8. Lithium-ion energy storage system
Features Benefits
• Best power and energy density of any • Improved regen and thus fuel economy
commercially available solution • At least 10 percent improvement over hybrids
• Nano-phosphate technology lead-acid batteries (NYC results)
• Lower weight • Safe, no thermal runaway
• Design life — 6+ years • No battery conditioning
• Ambient air-cooled • Extended brake life
• Supports future options • Longer battery life decreases total life-cycle cost
• Full electric accessories (engine-off idle) • Does not require air-conditioning to cool batteries
• EV mode for zero-emission zones • Quieter (less braking)
• Redundant design • Path to zero-emission technology
• Better reliability and performance
RATINGS
• Power: 200 kW Nominal (Scalable)
• DC bus output voltage: 600 Nominal
• Operating Temperature: 520C (125oF)
– < -10oC (20oF) heating package
SIZE
• Height: 10 inches (254 mm) Single-air cooled
• Width: 41 inches (1041 mm) enclosure
• Length: 84 inches (2135 mm) 84 x 41 x 10 inches
• Weight: 800 lb. (365 kg) 16 individual modules
COOLANT - Ambient Air each at 18lbs
Long-life, light weight, advanced battery system for improved fuel economy
8

9. ADL Philosophy
• Maximise brake energy recovery
• Load following - not through the battery
• Emulate conventional driving characteristics
• Charge neutral
• Onboard equalisation
• Turn-key systems with supplier support

10. 2009
- Enviro400H built in partnership
with BAE Systems
- Turnkey approach
- Reliable, well supported and
exceeding performance targets
2002
- Enviro200H integrated with a
variety of hybrid componentry
- Unreliable and poorly supported by
supply partners

11. BAE Systems Worldwide
Hybrid Experience
• Fleet
– Serving bus manufacturers worldwide
– Shipped 3,000th propulsion system in
June 2010
– Major fleets in New York City, San
Francisco, Houston, Seattle, Toronto,
Ottawa, London, Manchester and
Oxford
• Usage
– Surpassed 320 million fleet km in July
2010
– 1 million passengers trips daily
– 1 billion passenger trips cumulative
• Public benefits
– 45 million litres saved cumulative
– Release of 100,000 tonnes of CO2
prevented cumulative

12. ADL Hybrid Performance
to 1st May 2011
• 12off E400H in service with 3 operators for 28months in London
Field Trials
• 5off E200H in service for 23months in London
• 30off E400H in Manchester for 8 months
• 26off E400H in Oxford for 9 months
• 1off E400H in Thames Travel for 7 month
• 20off E400H in London United for 5 months
• 6off E400H in Reading for 5 months
• 10off E400H in Metroline for 5 months
• 8off E400H in EYMS for 1 month
• 17off E400H in GAG Oxford for 1 month
• 5off E200H Delivered to SPT
• New Enviro350H prototypes built for Spain and Australasia
135 hybrids in service
216 in production programme with further orders anticipated

13. ADL Hybrid Performance
to 1st May 2011
• 1,636,215miles in-service in London operation
• 1,088,642m in service in Stagecoach Oxford
• 747,130miles in service in Manchester
• 91,740miles in service in Reading
• 14,555miles in Hull
• 14,280 hybrid miles per day
Total of over 3.5 million hybrid miles to date
Europe’s best selling hybrids!

14. ADL Hybrid Performance
to 1st May 2011
• 30% fuel consumption improvement target has been met
• ADL E400 Hybrids are Low Carbon Emitting Bus
compliant at Euro 4 & 5 – fitted with EEV engine
• Better than 97% vehicle availability achieved on E400H
• Very positive customer feedback for hybrid drive system
• 6.8 tonnes of CO2 saved every day
• Over 633,000litres of fuel saved to date
1711 Tonnes of CO2 saved to date!

15. ADL Next Steps
• Further fuel savings are now possible
– Stop / Start
– Electrification of accessories
– Topographical sensing software
– Driver & Vehicle Monitoring

16. Next Steps
• Hybrid drivelines opens up new chassis layout
possibilities
• Enviro 350H developed for Europe
– Exclusively a hybrid
– Unique packaging
– Less saloon intrusion
• 12 sold to Barcelona
• Also sold also into Australasia & Scotland in RHD format

17. Achieving 30% Fuel Consumption Saving
Government Subsidies?
£
? Time