Updated version of the technical paper on a revolutionary HCCI rotary engine with variable compression ratio control (US Patent Number 9,435,257). It now contains a chapter about "Notable differences compared to other engine designs".
Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) internal combustion rotary engine with variable compression ratio (VCR), variable exhaust gas recirculation (VEGR), and variable fuel injection timing.
Patent pending proprietary Technology own by Customachinery Inc. and developed by Mr. Roberto Fanara.
It is now receiving lots of attention and interest by numerous academic institutions and, in partnership with Queen's University, a project funding application has been recently submitted to Ontario Centre of Excellence (OCE). Ongoing collaboration with George Brown College (Sep.2015 - Apr.2016) and upcoming collaboration with Sheridan Pilon School of Business (Jan.2016 - Apr.2016).
The white paper was presented at the Combustion Institute Canadian Section (CI/CS) 2017. The Spring Technical Meeting was held on the McGill University campus in Montreal, from May 15-18, 2017.
Web presentation given during the media forum hosted at the Beech Daly Technical Center on September 08, 2009 to discuss design, capability and fuel economy of the new 6.7L Ford SuperDuty engine.
With the growing emission from the conventional internal combustion engines leading to global warming, a need for a cleaner emission from IC engines is required. HCCI engines offers the best of both world - emissions of gasoline engines and efficiency of a diesel engine.
Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) internal combustion rotary engine with variable compression ratio (VCR), variable exhaust gas recirculation (VEGR), and variable fuel injection timing.
Patent pending proprietary Technology own by Customachinery Inc. and developed by Mr. Roberto Fanara.
It is now receiving lots of attention and interest by numerous academic institutions and, in partnership with Queen's University, a project funding application has been recently submitted to Ontario Centre of Excellence (OCE). Ongoing collaboration with George Brown College (Sep.2015 - Apr.2016) and upcoming collaboration with Sheridan Pilon School of Business (Jan.2016 - Apr.2016).
The white paper was presented at the Combustion Institute Canadian Section (CI/CS) 2017. The Spring Technical Meeting was held on the McGill University campus in Montreal, from May 15-18, 2017.
Web presentation given during the media forum hosted at the Beech Daly Technical Center on September 08, 2009 to discuss design, capability and fuel economy of the new 6.7L Ford SuperDuty engine.
With the growing emission from the conventional internal combustion engines leading to global warming, a need for a cleaner emission from IC engines is required. HCCI engines offers the best of both world - emissions of gasoline engines and efficiency of a diesel engine.
A Brief Study on Introduction to HCCI Engine- Hybrid EngineAditya Deshpande
This is brief study of HCCI engine done for subject of Pwer Engineering in Alternate Engine Options.
Hope you like this.
Do let me know
deshadi805@gmail.com
Join David VanLaar, Lead Engineer, IMW Industries for an Overview of Industrial CNG Applications Beyond the Pipeline.
- Power Generation, IPPs & Mining Operations
total conversions and peak capacity augmentation
- Industrial Heat & Burners
- Pipeline Turbine Power
- Cost savings
- Emission reductions
Honny power is the name of trust, Where quality Counts.
Guangdong Honny Power-tech Co., Ltd was founded in 1992, and has been one of the leading OEM manufacturer and supplier of power generator and Power Plant within the range of 16 KW to 50 MW. Honny Power-tech Co., Ltd is share holder of USA based Googol Engine-tech Co., Ltd. (leading diesel, natural gas, biogas, dual fuel, Middle speed engines manufacturer within the range of 220 KW to 2722 KW).
Stringent emission standards and the need to reduce greenhouse gas, CO2 emissions from vehicles has led to intensive research on new combustion systems namely, the Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) or controlled auto ignition (CAI) engines. At auto ignition temperature the fuel is auto ignited and a same amount of power will be produced as the traditional engines. Heating of catalytic converter reduces the emissions.
Naeem Morris, Chrysler, presents on the company's available CNG vehicles at the Wisconsin Natural Gas for Transportation Roundtable on January 29, 2013.
Effect of Modified Design on Engine Fuel Efficiency IJERA Editor
This paper covers key and representative developments in the area of high efficiency and cleans internal combustion engines. The main objective is to highlight recent efforts to improve (IC) engine fuel efficiency and combustion. Rising fuel prices and stringent emission mandates have demanded cleaner combustion and increased fuel efficiency from the IC engine. This need for increased efficiency has placed compression ignition (CI) engines in the forefront compared to spark ignition (SI) engines. However, the relatively high emission of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) emitted by diesel engines increases their cost and raises environmental barriers that have prevented their widespread use in certain markets. The desire to increase IC engine fuel efficiency while simultaneously meeting emissions mandates has thus motivated considerable research. This paper describes recent progress to improve the fuel efficiency of diesel or CI engines through advanced combustion and fuels research. In particular, a dual fuel engine combustion technology called ―reactivity controlled compression ignition‖ (RCCI), which is a variant of Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI), is highlighted, since it provides more efficient control over the combustion process and has the capability to lower fuel use and pollutant emissions. This paper reviews recent RCCI experiments and computational studies performed on light- and heavy-duty engines, and compares results using conventional and alternative fuels (natural gas, ethanol, and biodiesel) with conventional diesel, advanced diesel and HCCI concepts.
A Brief Study on Introduction to HCCI Engine- Hybrid EngineAditya Deshpande
This is brief study of HCCI engine done for subject of Pwer Engineering in Alternate Engine Options.
Hope you like this.
Do let me know
deshadi805@gmail.com
Join David VanLaar, Lead Engineer, IMW Industries for an Overview of Industrial CNG Applications Beyond the Pipeline.
- Power Generation, IPPs & Mining Operations
total conversions and peak capacity augmentation
- Industrial Heat & Burners
- Pipeline Turbine Power
- Cost savings
- Emission reductions
Honny power is the name of trust, Where quality Counts.
Guangdong Honny Power-tech Co., Ltd was founded in 1992, and has been one of the leading OEM manufacturer and supplier of power generator and Power Plant within the range of 16 KW to 50 MW. Honny Power-tech Co., Ltd is share holder of USA based Googol Engine-tech Co., Ltd. (leading diesel, natural gas, biogas, dual fuel, Middle speed engines manufacturer within the range of 220 KW to 2722 KW).
Stringent emission standards and the need to reduce greenhouse gas, CO2 emissions from vehicles has led to intensive research on new combustion systems namely, the Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) or controlled auto ignition (CAI) engines. At auto ignition temperature the fuel is auto ignited and a same amount of power will be produced as the traditional engines. Heating of catalytic converter reduces the emissions.
Naeem Morris, Chrysler, presents on the company's available CNG vehicles at the Wisconsin Natural Gas for Transportation Roundtable on January 29, 2013.
Effect of Modified Design on Engine Fuel Efficiency IJERA Editor
This paper covers key and representative developments in the area of high efficiency and cleans internal combustion engines. The main objective is to highlight recent efforts to improve (IC) engine fuel efficiency and combustion. Rising fuel prices and stringent emission mandates have demanded cleaner combustion and increased fuel efficiency from the IC engine. This need for increased efficiency has placed compression ignition (CI) engines in the forefront compared to spark ignition (SI) engines. However, the relatively high emission of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) emitted by diesel engines increases their cost and raises environmental barriers that have prevented their widespread use in certain markets. The desire to increase IC engine fuel efficiency while simultaneously meeting emissions mandates has thus motivated considerable research. This paper describes recent progress to improve the fuel efficiency of diesel or CI engines through advanced combustion and fuels research. In particular, a dual fuel engine combustion technology called ―reactivity controlled compression ignition‖ (RCCI), which is a variant of Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI), is highlighted, since it provides more efficient control over the combustion process and has the capability to lower fuel use and pollutant emissions. This paper reviews recent RCCI experiments and computational studies performed on light- and heavy-duty engines, and compares results using conventional and alternative fuels (natural gas, ethanol, and biodiesel) with conventional diesel, advanced diesel and HCCI concepts.
The proposed solution will correct certain deficiencies of the thermodynamic cycle as employed in conventional engines to achieve an ultra-efficient Internal Combustion variant for all vehicle types. Such an engine, with heat recovery, can largely surpass the fuel cell efficiency. This technology can be considered as being “revolutionary” in terms of benefits and as “evolutionary” in terms of engine modifications..
The Automobile Industry and the many other various engine
manufacturers need improved engine performance in keeping up with the necessary changes to protect our wallets and environment. Both the Automobile and Engine Industries are now struggling to comply with Government requirements and are falling behind in keeping up with proposed future regulations and Government mandates that will provide the necessary advancement to protect us and the Earth’s environment. The Automotive Industry has requested that the US Government reduce the fuel economy and emission requirements for future vehicles because, by their own admission, they do not have the technology to meet such fuel
economy and pollution mandates for the foreseeable future. Yoke arm has changed all of this
Study and Analysis of Six Stroke EngineIJERA Editor
Six Stroke engine, the name itself indicates a cycle of six strokes out of which two are useful power strokes. According to its mechanical design, the six-stroke engine with external and internal combustion and double flow is similar to the actual internal reciprocating combustion engine. However, it differentiates itself entirely, due to its thermodynamic cycle and a modified cylinder head with two supplementary chambers: combustion and an air heating chamber, both independent from the cylinder. In this the cylinder and the combustion chamber are separated which gives more freedom for design analysis. In addition to the two valves in the four stroke engine two more valves are incorporated which are operated by a piston arrangement. The Six Stroke is thermodynamically more efficient because the change in volume of the power stroke is greater than the intake stroke and the compression stroke. The main advantages of six stroke engine includes reduction in fuel consumption by 40%, two power strokes in the six stroke cycle, dramatic reduction in pollution, adaptability to multi fuel operation. Six stroke engine’s adoption by the automobile industry would have a tremendous impact on the environment and world economy .
Supercharged opposed piston engine with variable compression ratioLiviu Giurca
Supercharged opposed piston engine with variable compression ratio is an advanced engine concept which uses the conventional mechanism in an innovative configuration.
CYLINDER DEACTIVATION ON TWO DIFFERENT CUBIC CAPACITY ENGINEIAEME Publication
Cylinder deactivation is a fuel consumption reduction technology for throttled internal combustion engines and other engines with thermal efficiency loss at part cylinder. Dynamic skip firing, which in its ultimate form incorporates anytime, any-cylinder deactivation, continuously varies the number of firing cylinders, along with cylinder load, obtaining flexible control of acoustic and vibrational excitations from the engine, and allowing an expanded operational envelope with fewer drive ability/NVH issues. This project comprises of two different cubic capacity 4 stroke (150cc-pulsar and 100cc-kinetic) engines coupled with use of sprockets and chains.
Clean Energy Compression’s CompleteCNG includes proven CleanCNG technology in a package that combines portability with configurable plug-and-play installation. The self-contained system has a smaller footprint than a standard built-in station and requires minimal on-site construction, making it fast to install and easy to relocate. CEC designers and engineers have responded to the needs of the market to deliver a comprehensive sustainable CNG fueling system with minimal environmental impact.
Similar to HCCI-VCR Rotary Engine Technical Paper (20)
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
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An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
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Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
2. Page 1 of 11
Customachinery Inc.
Mississauga, ON – Canada
visit us at www.customachinery.com
Foreword
Since 1875 when Siegfried Liepmann Marcus a German Jew invented the internal combustion engine,
and the first practical automobile in Vienna. Marcus was born on September 18, 1831 in Malchin,
Germany and was in the driver’s seat when the World’s first practical motorcar made debut in 1875 on
the streets of Vienna, Austria.
Since then, we have been looking for the “Holy Grail” in an internal combustion engine. Why is POWER
DENSITY the Holy Grail? Clean, Efficient and Lightweight Propulsion System for a Better World.
Today we have many inventors searching for this “Holy Grail”. TwinSpin has looked at various
designs. However, US Patent Number 9,435,257 integrates HCCI and VCR solutions in a compact,
simpler and less expensive engine architecture.
Roberto Fanara, inventor at Customachinery will test and develop this unique engine design at Queen’s
University. However, TwinSpin has done a Simulation Performance Behavior showing also specific fuel
consumption as presented in the graphs herein.
Benjamin A.S. Shannon
President/CEO TwinSpin Engine Consultants, USA
3. Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition rotary engine with variable compression ratio control
Page 2 of 11
Table of Contents
Foreword...................................................................................................................................................1
Preface ......................................................................................................................................................3
Introduction ..............................................................................................................................................4
The innovative high-turbulence combustion chamber .............................................................................6
The novel low-friction roller seal system.................................................................................................8
Notable differences compared to other engine designs............................................................................9
First performance projections.................................................................................................................10
Acknowledgments ..................................................................................................................................11
4. Page 3 of 11
Customachinery Inc.
Mississauga, ON – Canada
visit us at www.customachinery.com
Preface
This technical paper analyses two key features of an innovative internal combustion engine design (US
Pat No 9,435,257): its unique combustion chamber and a novel roller seal system.
Customachinery’s proprietary technology allows a real-time adjustment of the engine compression ratio
and of the amount of trapped residuals. These are two key parameters to control Homogeneous Charge
Compression Ignition, a scientifically proven low temperature combustion able to deliver higher
efficiencies and lower emissions.
Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) and Variable Compression Ratio (VCR) are
regarded among the most promising solutions to meet the US 2025 CAFE standards and future European
vehicles CO2 emission limits. Indeed, both these technologies have been recently commercialized by
Mazda and Nissan, respectively.
Customachinery’s HCCI-VCR rotary engine overcomes the drawbacks of the notorious Wankel engine
and promises a substantial increase in efficiency while reducing greenhouse gases emissions and harmful
tailpipe pollutants (PM and NOx).
Nevertheless, given its simpler and more compact architecture, it features higher power density and
lower manufacturing costs compared to current turbocharged reciprocating engine technologies.
5. Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition rotary engine with variable compression ratio control
Page 4 of 11
Introduction
As of today, an extensive knowledge has been
acquired relatively to reciprocating engines, either
four or two-strokes, gasoline or diesel. Notably, only
one rotary engine has ever been mass produced: the
Wankel. It never gained the same public acceptance
as its reciprocating counterpart, partly due to the
sealing problems plaguing the first designs and
partly to the very poor thermal efficiencies resulting
from its oblong combustion chamber (Figure 1). The
Mazda RX-8, the last mass-produced car powered
by a Wankel engine, was finally discontinued in
2012 due to the tightening emissions regulations.
Customachinery has developed an innovative
engine design able to substantially improve the current state of the art in terms of efficiency,
performances and emissions. Its
patented gates system creates a
unique combustion chamber
(Figure 2) having very low
surface to volume ratios.
Furthermore, the ability to
adjust its volume and to retain
variable amounts of trapped
residuals promises a reliable and
effective control of the cleaner
HCCI combustion process.
The schematic on the next page
explains the engine working
principles and its functionalities.
The single lobe rotor and single combustion chamber arrangement above is conducive to one combustion
event for every shaft rotation, similarly to a single cylinder two-stroke reciprocating engine.
Figure 1 – Wankel engine
Figure 2 – HCCI-VCR rotary engine CAD model
6. Page 5 of 11
Customachinery Inc.
Mississauga, ON – Canada
visit us at www.customachinery.com
But quite differently from that one, a HCCI-VCR rotary engine draws the fresh air inside the combustion
chamber simultaneously to the compression stroke and expels the exhaust gases simultaneously to the
expansion stroke, greatly reducing pumping losses. Furthermore, overexpansion is readily attainable by
adequate positioning of the intake and exhaust ports and, at high load operations, it is also possible to
recuperate part of the residual energy of the exhaust gases. As first guessed by Dr. Ciccarelli at Queen’s
University, lifting the expansion gate before the exhaust port is uncovered allows the exhaust gases to
pre-compress the fresh air. This, in turn, reduces the work necessary for the subsequent compression
phase and increases the rate of trapped residuals, allowing to use lower compression ratios at high load
operations.
Better breathing characteristics with reduced pumping losses, overexpansion capabilities, possibility to
recuperate exhaust gases’ residual energy without the need of an external turbocharger, are all key
features of this unique engine design.
Figure 3 – HCCI-VCR engine schematic and working principles
7. Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition rotary engine with variable compression ratio control
Page 6 of 11
The innovative high-turbulence combustion chamber
Any new engine technology needs to be validated, making sure it is conducive to an efficient
combustion. In this regard, any novel design unable to adequately prepare the combustible charge is
doomed. More in particular, the “art of charge preparation” can be further decomposed in its two main
components: liquid fuel evaporation and
subsequent mixing with air (only the second
aspect is of course relevant for gaseous fuels).
Customachinery’s unique design has
undergone a systematic validation via
Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD)
analysis. The methodic approach allowed to
identify the ideal fuel injector location and the
optimum spray angle, improving evaporation
and minimizing wall wetting (Figure 4). The
results of the analysis show a very high
turbulence generated by the synergic interaction of the fuel injection coupled to the “plowing” motion
of the rotor lobe (Figure 5). This, in turn, produces an excellent fuel/air mixing. Simulations based on
two-dimensional meshing clearly show the two main mixing mechanisms: a tumble, followed by a final
squish at the time of combustion (Figure 6).
Figure 4 – Direct fuel injection strategy
Figure 6 – Internal turbulence: squishFigure 5 – Internal turbulence: tumble
8. Page 7 of 11
Customachinery Inc.
Mississauga, ON – Canada
visit us at www.customachinery.com
Noteworthy, the injection strategy and the turbulent mixing also produce a highly desirable temperature
stratification in the combustion chamber (Figures 8 and 9). This, in turn, is fundamental to achieve a
more gradual combustion process avoiding the typical “knock” issues plaguing HCCI at high load
operations.
Detailed chemistry CFD analysis prove the capability of this engine design to effectively control a
stoichiometric combustion of heptane fuel. Indeed, the adjustment of the compression ratio (CR)
optimizes the start of combustion timing, maximizing efficiency while maintaining the rate of pressure
rise, responsible for engine “knock”, within acceptable limits (Figures 10, 11, and 12).
Figure 7 – Early compression temperature field Figure 8 – Late compression temperature field
Figure 9 – Engine “knock” Figure 10 – Misfire Figure 11 – Optimum CR
9. Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition rotary engine with variable compression ratio control
Page 8 of 11
The novel low-friction roller seal system
Differently than a Wankel, a HCCI-VCR rotary
engine has a fixed angle of contact between the
apex seal and the stator. This, in turn, allows to
have a sliding surface instead of a line of contact,
and it also drastically reduces the apex seal
movements/vibrations, a prominent factor causing
the premature seal failures for which the Wankel
engines have been sadly renowned.
Another notable difference is the presence of
roller seals between the newly design gates and
the lobed rotor. Their main purpose is to reduce
internal frictions, therefore increasing mechanical
efficiency. Regarding their lubrication, three non-
mutually exclusive solutions are possible:
1. addition of small amounts of oil (~1% by volume) to a gasoline fuel or use of fuels that presents
inherent lubricating properties such as diesel, bio-diesel, or a blend of them;
2. specialty tribological coatings of the roller groove surface; more in particular, DLC coatings exhibit
excellent low friction and wear resistance capabilities even under lack of lubrication;
3. catalytic decomposition of gaseous hydrocarbons to create a graphitic tribo-layer on the roller wear
surfaces; several references from the literature show this is possible under high temperature and
pressure conditions in the presence of metal catalysts (i.e. nickel and copper) or over the surfaces of
materials such as silicon carbide (SiC) and silicon nitride (Si3N4).
Given the significant presence of hydrocarbon species inside an internal combustion engine, it is not
unreasonable to imagine Si3N4 rollers with a self-replenishing graphitic lubricant tribo-layer. This, in
turn, would greatly reduce internal frictions and seals’ wear. Moreover, a DLC coating applied onto the
roller groove surface would add an additional protection to counteract occasional lack of lubrication.
The above concepts are in line with a recent discovery by Argonne National Laboratory: “Carbon-based
tribofilms from lubricating oils”, Ali Erdemir, 2016Macmillan Publishers Limited.
Figure 12 – Apex and roller seals
10. Page 9 of 11
Customachinery Inc.
Mississauga, ON – Canada
visit us at www.customachinery.com
Notable differences compared to other engine designs
Several differences compared to the notorious Wankel engine have already been reported in the previous
pages. There are additional differences compared to other designs as well. The following list is a
compendium of the benefits and strengths of Customachinery’s novel engine technology:
• gates defining a unique combustion chamber which features
o extremely low surface to volume ratios, therefore reducing heat dissipation
o variable volume, hence offering variable compression ratios capabilities
o ability to trap variable amounts of residuals to optimize combustion
• possibility of adjust gate timing/phasing to realize overexpansion and to recuperate exhaust
gases’ residual energy without the need of an external turbocharger
• roller seals between the newly design gates and the lobed rotor to reduce internal frictions
• possibility to regulate the pressure between said gates and the rotor lobe, which is fundamental
to establish a self replenishing graphitic tribolayer onto the ceramic roller seals
• fixed angle of contact between the apex seal and the stator, which allows to have a sliding surface
instead of a line of contact as for the Wankel
• sealing perimeter that reduces as the rotor lobe approaches the combustion chamber and reaches
its minimum when it aligns with said chamber, during the combustion event
• rotor tip constantly spinning at max speed, therefore minimizing blow-by compared to a piston
engine that reaches a standstill position at TDC while the combustion is occurring
• eventual blow-by mixes back with the fresh charge that will combust in the subsequent cycle
• possibility to cool the reciprocating gates similarly to sodium filled exhaust valves of a piston
engine
11. Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition rotary engine with variable compression ratio control
Page 10 of 11
First performance projections
Two graphs reporting the first performance
projections are shown in the next page. The
work has been carried by Ben Shannon,
President of TwinSpin Engine Consultants.
The results are quite exceptional and
confirm that this innovative technology is
certainly worthy of investments focused to
the production of a first working prototype.
Indeed, a considerable amount of work is
still required to validate the novel engine in
a simulated environment and also to
demonstrate it in a relevant application.
Capacity 40 [cm3
]
Compression Ratio 20:1 [-]
Weight ? Kg Cast iron
Max. Torque 12.8 Nm @ 3000 rpm
Max. BMEP 20.1 bar @ 3000 rpm
Specific Power 209.4 Bhp/L @ 5500 rpm
Specific Fuel Cons. 177.12 g/kW-h @ 3000 rpm
Humidity
68%
Air Temperature
40.6°C
Air Pressure
745 mm
Max. Horsepower 8.4 Bhp @ 5500 rpm
Humidity
68 %
Air Temperature
42.7°C
Air Pressure
745 mm
Corrected to: 760 Torr & 20 deg. C
12. Page 11 of 11
Customachinery Inc.
Mississauga, ON – Canada
visit us at www.customachinery.com
Acknowledgments
The author would like to personally thank Customachinery’s technical advisors for their outstanding
contributions and continued support to the advancement of the technology presented herein:
• Dr. Gabriel Ciccarelli, Professor at Queen’s University (Canada) and combustion expert,
principal researcher of the CFD analysis project funded by Ontario Centres of Excellence (OCE);
• Ben Shannon, President of TwinSpin Engine Consultants (USA) and engine design expert.