Hazardous signs and labeling systems communicate hazards through standardized symbols and information. There are several systems, including OSHA, NFPA, HMIS, DOT, and CHIP. They each use colors, numbers, and symbols to indicate the type and degree of hazards like flammability, health risks, and reactivity. Proper labeling is required by law to warn workers of chemical and physical dangers and protect health and safety. When labels are missing or unreadable, workers should not use the chemical and notify supervisors so it can be re-labeled correctly.

1. Hazardous Signs

2. Hazardous Signs
Hazard symbols are recognizable symbols designed to warn about hazardous
materials, locations, or objects, including electric currents, poisons, and other
things. The use of hazard symbols is often regulated by law and directed by
standards organizations. Hazard symbols may appear with different colors,
backgrounds, borders and supplemental information in order to specify the
type of hazard.

3. Exposure Risk: About 32 million workers potentially exposed to chemical hazards.
Profusion of Chemicals: About 650,000 chemical products exist; hundreds of new
ones introduced annually.
Health Effects: May include heart ailments, central nervous system damage,
kidney and lung damage, sterility, cancer, burns, and rashes.
Safety Hazards: Potential to cause fires, explosions, or other serious accidents.
Hazardous Signs
Why should chemical hazards be communicated / warned ?

4. Hazardous Signs
Manufacturers, importers or distributors must ensure all incoming (shipped)
chemical containers are labeled, tagged or marked with a proper label. The
label shall include the required information; including product identifier, signal
word, pictogram(s), hazard statement(s), precautionary statement(s),and
manufacturer/distributor name, address and phone number.
A container should not be accepted unless it is properly labeled with the
required information.
This label will not be removed or defaced but shall remain on the container
throughout the use of the chemical.
However, containers must be re-labeled with the required information if labels
have fallen off or are defaced (faded, washed-off, torn, etc.)

5. Hazardous Signs
There are 3 types of Hazardous material labeling methods & 2 methods of Hazardous
material transport labels.
1. OSHA – Occupational Safety & Health Administration-1971, USA
2. NFPA – National Fire Protection Agency Hazard Identification System
OSHA's mission is to "assure safe and healthful
working conditions for working men and
women by setting and enforcing standards and
by providing training, outreach, education and
assistance"
The mission of the international nonprofit NFPA, established in 1896,
is to reduce the worldwide burden of fire and other hazards on the
quality of life by providing and advocating consensus codes and
standards, research, training, and education

6. Hazardous Signs
3. HMIS – Hazardous Material Information System
The Hazardous Materials Identification System (HMIS) is a numerical hazard
rating that incorporates the use of labels with color-coded bars as well as
training materials. It was developed by the American Coatings Association as
a compliance aid for the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard.
Most suitable labeling system for Paint Industry is Hazardous Material
Information System (HMIS).
4. DOT Label – The United States Department of Transportation (DOT)
5. CHIP Label – Chemicals Hazard Information and Packaging for Supply

7. Hazardous Signs
Ambient Temperature
Ambient temperature is a term which refers to the temperature in a room, or the
temperature which surrounds an object under discussion.
Flash Point
Temperature at and above which a liquid gives enough flammable vapor to form
a mixture with air that can be ignited by contact with a hot surface, spark, or
flame.
Boiling Point
Boiling Point is the temperature at which a liquid boils, with the vapor pressure
equal to the given external pressure.
Auto Ignition Point
Auto Ignition Point is the temperature at which a substance will spontaneously
ignite without the presence of a flame.

8. Reactivity
Reactivity is the tendency of a substance to undergo chemical reaction, either by
itself or with other materials, and to release energy.
Oxidizer
An oxidizer is a type of chemical which a fuel requires to burn. Most types of
burning on Earth use oxygen, which is prevalent in the atmosphere.
Toxicity
The degree to which a substance (a toxin or poison) can harm humans or
animals. Acute toxicity involves harmful effects in an organism through a single
or short-term exposure. Sub chronic toxicity is the ability of a toxic substance to
cause effects for more than one year but less than the lifetime of the exposed
organism. Chronic toxicity is the ability of a substance or mixture of substances
to cause harmful effects over an extended period, usually upon repeated or
continuous exposure, sometimes lasting for the entire life of the exposed
organism.
Hazardous Signs

9. Hazardous Signs - OSHA

10. Hazardous Signs - OSHA

11. Hazardous Signs-OSHA

12. Hazardous Signs-OSHA

13. Hazardous Signs-NFPA

14. Hazardous Signs-NFPA
Red- Fire Hazard
Blue- Health Hazard
Yellow- Reactivity Hazard - explosive, unstable
White - Special Hazards - corrosive, radioactive, water reactive, acid
Higher Number = Higher Hazard

15. NFPA Health Hazard Codes
4 Materials that on very short exposure could
cause death or major residual injury.
3 Materials that on short exposure could
cause serious temporary or residual injury.
2 Materials that on intense or continued, but
not chronic exposure could cause
incapacitation or possible residual injury.
1 Materials that on exposure would cause
irritation but only minor residual injury.
0 Materials that on exposure under fire
conditions would offer no hazard beyond that
of ordinary combustible material.

16. NFPA Flammability Codes
4 Materials that will rapidly or completely
vaporize at atmospheric pressure and normal
ambient temperature, or that are readily
dispersed in air and that will burn readily.
Liquids with a flashpoint below 73ºF and a
boiling point below 100ºF.
3 Liquids and solid that can be ignited under
almost all ambient temperature conditions.
Liquids with a flashpoint below 73ºF and a
boiling point above 100ºF or liquids with a
flashpoint above 73ºF but not exceeding 100ºF
and a boiling point below 100ºF.

17. NFPA Flammability Codes
2 Materials that must be moderately
heated or exposed to relatively high
ambient temperatures before ignition can
occur. Liquids with flashpoint above 100ºF
but not exceeding 200ºF.
1 Materials that must be preheated before
ignition can occur. Liquids that have a
flashpoint above 200ºF.
0 Materials that will not burn.

18. NFPA Reactivity Hazard Codes
4 Materials that in themselves are readily
capable of detonation or of explosive
decomposition or reaction at normal
temperatures and pressures.
3 Materials that in themselves are capable
of detonation or explosive decomposition
or reaction but require a strong initiating
source or which must be heated under
confinement before initiation or which
react explosively with water.

19. NFPA Reactivity Hazard Codes
2 Materials that readily undergo violent
chemical change at elevated temperatures
and pressures or which react violently with
water or which may form explosive mixtures
with water.
1 Materials that in themselves are normally
stable, but which can become unstable at
elevated temperatures and pressures.
0 Materials that in themselves are normally
stable, even under fire exposure conditions,
and which are not reactive with water.

20. NFPA Special Hazard Codes
ACID = Acid Products
ALK = Alkali or Bases
COR = Corrosive Products
OX = Oxidizer
W =Reacts with water
Radioactive

21. Hazardous Signs-HMIS
Blue = Health
Red = Flammability
Yellow = Reactivity
= Personal Protective Equipment
Higher Number = Higher Hazard

22. Hazardous Signs-HMIS

23. Hazardous Signs-HMIS

24. Hazardous Signs-HMIS

25. Hazardous Signs-HMIS

26. Hazardous Signs-HMIS

27. Hazardous Signs-HMIS

28. Hazardous Signs-HMIS

29. Hazardous Signs-HMIS
Personal Protection

30. Hazardous Signs-DOT

31. Hazardous Signs-DOT

32. Hazardous Signs-DOT

33. Hazardous Signs-DOT

34. Hazardous Signs-DOT

35. Hazardous Signs-DOT

36. Hazardous Signs-CHIP

37. Hazardous Signs-CHIP

38. Hazardous Signs-CHIP

39. What do I do…
If there is no label or You cannot read the
label?
STOP - do not use the chemical
TELL your supervisor & inform to Technical
READ the MSDS and have another label put on
the container – This is done by Technical