HARRAPA
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Harappa is an archaeological site located in Punjab, Pakistan that was part of the Indus Valley Civilization between 2600-1900 BC. The site contains ruins of a large fortified city that was inhabited by over 23,500 residents and occupied over 100 hectares, making it one of the largest cities of the Indus Valley Civilization. The Indus Valley Civilization had major cities like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro along the Indus River valley and is characterized by urban planning, writing system, and standardized weights and measures.
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Harappa
The Harappan civilization, also known as the Indus civilization, flourished from around 2300-1750 BCE along the Indus River valley. The cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro were among the largest, with populations around 35,000. Residences were built around courtyards, and the cities had drainage systems and were organized on a grid pattern. The economy was based on agriculture and trade. Sculptures and seals provide clues about their religious beliefs and use of writing, though the writing remains undeciphered.
Presentation harappa
The document summarizes the key findings and aspects of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization. It details that burnt bricks found in the region were later discovered to be ruins of a great past civilization through excavations led by the Archaeological Survey of India. Major sites uncovered include Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro, Kalibangan, and Lothal, revealing structures, drainage systems, granaries, figures of animals and tools, and seals used for trade. The civilization developed advanced skills in arts, crafts, agriculture, and script, but began declining around 1700 BCE due to potential causes like flooding, invasions, environmental degradation, and disease.
"Harappan civilization"
The Indus Valley Civilization is also known as the Harappan Civilization, after Harappa, the first of its sites to be excavated in the 1920s, in what was then the Punjab province of British India, and is now in Pakistan.
1. harappan civilisation
The document summarizes the Harappan civilization that existed from 2300-1750 BCE in the Indus River valley. It describes some key aspects of Harappan cities like Harappa, including their grid-like layout, standard sized bricks, drainage systems, and presence of granaries and citadels. Sculptures and seals found depict religious figures and animals. The economy was based on agriculture and trade. No palaces or large public works were found, suggesting an organized but less stratified urban culture.
Harappan Civilization @ Indus Ganges
The Indus Valley civilization flourished around 2500 BCE along the Indus River in modern-day Pakistan and northwest India. This civilization is also known as the Harappan civilization, named after its first major discovered city of Harappa. The large cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro exhibited grid-like street patterns and advanced sanitation systems for their time. Though a highly advanced urban culture, the Indus Valley/Harappan civilization declined around 1500 BCE for unknown reasons, as their written language remains undeciphered.
Harappa civilization i
ANTECEDENTS, CHRONOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHICAL SPREAD of Harappan civilization, Discovery and excavation of HArappa civilization
Indus valley civilization
The document discusses the Indus Valley Civilization, which flourished around 2,500 BC in what is now Pakistan and western India. It was first discovered in Harappa, and is often referred to as the Harappan Civilization. The document outlines topics that will be discussed, including the discovery of the civilization, its origins and geography, nature of urbanization, trade and commerce, and theories concerning its decline.
HARAPPA CIVILIZATION BY IRFAN
The Indus Valley Civilization (IVC) was a Bronze Age civilization (3300–1300 BCE; mature period 2600–1900 BCE) mainly in the northwestern regions of South Asia, extending from what today is northeast Afghanistan to Pakistan and northwest India.[2] Indus "is one of three in the 'Ancient East' that, along with Mesopotamia and Pharonic Egypt, was a cradle of early civilization in the Old World," and of the three, the most widespread.[3] It flourished in the basins of the Indus River, which flows through the length of Pakistan, and along a system of perennial, mostly monsoon-fed, rivers that once coursed in the vicinity of the seasonal Ghaggar-Hakra river in northwest India and eastern Pakistan.[4][5][6] Aridification of this region during the 3rd millennium BCE may have been the initial spur for the urbanisation associated with the civilization, but eventually also reduced the water supply enough to cause the civilization's demise, and to scatter its population eastward.
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Harappa
The Harappan civilization, also known as the Indus civilization, flourished from around 2300-1750 BCE along the Indus River valley. The cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro were among the largest, with populations around 35,000. Residences were built around courtyards, and the cities had drainage systems and were organized on a grid pattern. The economy was based on agriculture and trade. Sculptures and seals provide clues about their religious beliefs and use of writing, though the writing remains undeciphered.
Presentation harappa
The document summarizes the key findings and aspects of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization. It details that burnt bricks found in the region were later discovered to be ruins of a great past civilization through excavations led by the Archaeological Survey of India. Major sites uncovered include Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro, Kalibangan, and Lothal, revealing structures, drainage systems, granaries, figures of animals and tools, and seals used for trade. The civilization developed advanced skills in arts, crafts, agriculture, and script, but began declining around 1700 BCE due to potential causes like flooding, invasions, environmental degradation, and disease.
"Harappan civilization"
The Indus Valley Civilization is also known as the Harappan Civilization, after Harappa, the first of its sites to be excavated in the 1920s, in what was then the Punjab province of British India, and is now in Pakistan.
1. harappan civilisation
The document summarizes the Harappan civilization that existed from 2300-1750 BCE in the Indus River valley. It describes some key aspects of Harappan cities like Harappa, including their grid-like layout, standard sized bricks, drainage systems, and presence of granaries and citadels. Sculptures and seals found depict religious figures and animals. The economy was based on agriculture and trade. No palaces or large public works were found, suggesting an organized but less stratified urban culture.
Harappan Civilization @ Indus Ganges
The Indus Valley civilization flourished around 2500 BCE along the Indus River in modern-day Pakistan and northwest India. This civilization is also known as the Harappan civilization, named after its first major discovered city of Harappa. The large cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro exhibited grid-like street patterns and advanced sanitation systems for their time. Though a highly advanced urban culture, the Indus Valley/Harappan civilization declined around 1500 BCE for unknown reasons, as their written language remains undeciphered.
Harappa civilization i
ANTECEDENTS, CHRONOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHICAL SPREAD of Harappan civilization, Discovery and excavation of HArappa civilization
Indus valley civilization
The document discusses the Indus Valley Civilization, which flourished around 2,500 BC in what is now Pakistan and western India. It was first discovered in Harappa, and is often referred to as the Harappan Civilization. The document outlines topics that will be discussed, including the discovery of the civilization, its origins and geography, nature of urbanization, trade and commerce, and theories concerning its decline.
HARAPPA CIVILIZATION BY IRFAN
The Indus Valley Civilization (IVC) was a Bronze Age civilization (3300–1300 BCE; mature period 2600–1900 BCE) mainly in the northwestern regions of South Asia, extending from what today is northeast Afghanistan to Pakistan and northwest India.[2] Indus "is one of three in the 'Ancient East' that, along with Mesopotamia and Pharonic Egypt, was a cradle of early civilization in the Old World," and of the three, the most widespread.[3] It flourished in the basins of the Indus River, which flows through the length of Pakistan, and along a system of perennial, mostly monsoon-fed, rivers that once coursed in the vicinity of the seasonal Ghaggar-Hakra river in northwest India and eastern Pakistan.[4][5][6] Aridification of this region during the 3rd millennium BCE may have been the initial spur for the urbanisation associated with the civilization, but eventually also reduced the water supply enough to cause the civilization's demise, and to scatter its population eastward.
The Harappan Civilization
The Harappan civilization was an ancient civilization that flourished along the Indus River in present-day Pakistan from around 3300 BC to 1700 BC. It was centered around the cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, which featured advanced architecture and urban planning including organized streets and drainage systems. The Harappan people engaged in agriculture, domesticated animals, developed trade networks, and had a literate society with skilled artisans. At its peak, the Harappan civilization was one of the most advanced ancient civilizations.
harappa
The Indus Valley Civilization spanned parts of modern-day Pakistan and northwest India from 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE. At its peak during the Mature Harappan period from 2600-1900 BCE, the civilization had trade networks connecting it as far as Mesopotamia in the west and parts of Central Asia. It featured large urban settlements built along major rivers, many with sophisticated water and drainage systems. While no conclusive evidence of religious structures has been found, some seals depict figures in poses resembling later Hindu deities like Shiva, and burial practices included both burial and cremation.
Indus valley civilization
The Indus Valley civilization flourished between 4000-1000 BC along the Indus River valley in modern-day Pakistan. Major cities included Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, which had impressive urban planning with organized streets and drainage systems. The civilization engaged in agriculture along the river and extensive trade. It declined around 1900-1300 BC due to various proposed factors such as flooding or drought.
Indus valley civilization
The Indus Valley Civilization flourished around 2500 BCE along the Indus River valley in what is now Pakistan and northwest India. Two major cities, Mohenjo-daro and Harappa, had sophisticated urban planning with streets laid out in grids and advanced sanitation systems, suggesting well-established civilized society. While much remains unknown about the civilization's decline, potential factors included floods, earthquakes, changing river courses, and invasions by outsiders.
INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION
The Indus Valley Civilization was an ancient civilization that flourished along the Indus River and Ghaggar-Hakra River in what is now Pakistan and northwest India from 3300 BC to 1700 BC. Major cities of the civilization included Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, which had advanced sewage and drainage systems. The civilization engaged in extensive trade with Mesopotamia and other regions. While much remains unknown about the civilization, archaeologists have uncovered evidence of their advanced urban planning, systems of weights and measures, arts and crafts, and religious symbols.
Indu Culture
The Indus Valley civilization emerged along the Indus River in South Asia around 3200 BC. People began building planned cities around 2500 BC, with careful design that included fortified citadels, water and sewage systems, suggesting a strong central government. While the Harappan language has not been deciphered, the uniform culture extended over a large area and artifacts show a prosperous society with some religious figures that link to later Hindu traditions. Trade networks developed to move goods like gold, silver and cotton via the Indus River and overland routes.
Harappan civilization- lijitha
The document summarizes key aspects of the Harappan civilization, one of the earliest civilizations in South Asia. It discusses how the civilization was named after its type site of Harappa. Major cities included Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro, and Lothal, where excavations beginning in the 1920s uncovered evidence of the civilization. The Harappan civilization developed between 2600-1800 BCE along the Indus River valley, with large urban settlements, standardized weights and measures, advanced drainage systems, and international trade networks. While much remains unknown about the civilization due to its undeciphered writing system, archaeological findings provide insights into its urban planning, architecture, arts, and eventual decline around 1800 BCE.
Indus valley civilization tyba
The Indus Valley Civilization was discovered in 1921 in modern-day Pakistan and northwest India. It consisted of over 1,500 sites spread across 1.3 million square kilometers, including major cities like Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro, and Lothal. The civilization demonstrates sophisticated urban planning and infrastructure, including standardized bricks, streets, drainage systems, and water supply. Residents practiced agriculture and domesticated animals, and engaged in regional trade of materials, shells, and other goods. Though the script remains undeciphered, the civilization likely had its own religious beliefs and language. It declined around 1500 BCE possibly due to environmental changes like floods. Recent excavations continue adding to understanding of the advanced Bronze Age
Indus valley civilization
The Indus Valley Civilization was a Bronze Age civilization that flourished along the Indus River in what is now Pakistan and northwestern India between 2600-1900 BCE. Major cities included Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, which had populations of around 40,000 people and were laid out in an organized grid pattern with advanced water and drainage systems. The civilization engaged in extensive trade of materials and surplus agricultural goods. While the writing system remains undeciphered, artifacts provide evidence of a complex society and political system that governed through trade and religion rather than military force.
Harappan Civilization
The document summarizes the Harappan civilization which flourished between 2500-1500 BCE along the Indus River valley. Some key aspects include:
- The Harappan civilization had two major cities, Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, with populations around 35,000-40,000. There were over 300 smaller settlements.
- They developed sophisticated urban planning with drainage systems and large public baths, indicating importance of cleanliness.
- By 1900 BCE the civilization was already in decline possibly due to environmental factors like deforestation. Both major cities were abandoned by 1500 BCE.
Harappan civilization
This document summarizes information about the Indus Valley Civilization. It provides details about archaeological excavations that have uncovered over 1,000 cities and settlements. The civilization had advanced urban planning with drainage and sanitation systems. The economy was based on agriculture and domesticated animals. While no single center of power has been identified, there are signs of complex decision making. Theories for the decline of the civilization include flooding, decreased rainfall, and drought.
Indus valley civilisation ppt
The Indus Valley Civilization was a Bronze Age civilization that flourished between 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE in South Asia. It extended from present-day Pakistan and northwest India to Gujarat. The civilization is also known as the Harappan civilization, named after its first excavated site of Harappa. Key features of the Indus Valley civilization included well-planned cities divided into citadels and lower towns with drainage systems. Major sites included Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, one of the largest at 300 hectares. The civilization collapsed around 1900 BCE due to factors like climate change, deforestation, and shifting river patterns.
Harappa civilization iv
The document summarizes the society, religion, and decline of the Indus Valley Civilization. It discusses how society was stratified into rulers, merchants, and laborers. Religion was polytheistic and included worship of mother goddesses and phallic symbols. The decline of the civilization around 1800-1700 BC is thought to have been caused by major ecological changes, including flooding from shifts in the Indus river, that damaged agriculture and urban centers and led the society to gradually collapse.
Harappan Civilisation
The Harappan civilization flourished in the fertile Indus valley due to annual flooding and irrigation systems. Agriculture was a major part of their economy, growing crops like wheat and barley. They also practiced animal husbandry, domesticating cattle, goats, and using other animals for labor. The Harappans developed specialized crafts and arts, with skilled artisans producing copper, bronze, and gold jewelry and weapons through advanced metallurgical techniques. Bead making, pottery, weaving, and seal carving with realistic animal designs were also important artistic achievements of the Harappan civilization. Raw materials for these crafts came from local sources as well as imports from places like present-day Afghanistan, Iran, and
Indus valley civilization
The Indus Valley Civilization was one of the three earliest civilizations in the Old World, flourishing from 3300-1300 BC along the Indus River valley. At its peak, the civilization had over five million inhabitants living in well-planned urban centers with sophisticated sanitation systems. Though much remains unknown about the civilization, archaeologists have uncovered extensive artwork, advanced agricultural practices, a system of uniform weights and measures, and evidence of religious practices. The causes of the civilization's decline around 1800 BC remain unclear but may have included climate change or invasion.
Chapter 1 Overview Indus Valley
The Indus River Valley civilization arose around 2600 BCE and was centered around the cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro. The cities had well-planned layouts with modern plumbing and drainage systems. Writing from this time has yet to be translated. The civilization faced challenges from unpredictable rivers and strong winds/monsoons. It declined around 1500 BCE, possibly due to natural disasters, overuse of land, or invaders.
THE HARAPPAN CIVILISATION
The Harappan civilization flourished from 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE along the Indus River valley. Some key aspects include:
1) Major urban centers included Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, which had planned streets and separate areas for citizens and aristocrats.
2) Notable structures include the Great Bath at Mohenjo-Daro, believed to be used for religious rituals, and granaries to store grains.
3) The civilization engaged in extensive trade using standardized weights and measures, with connections to Mesopotamia evidenced by seals.
harappan civilization
This document provides information on several sites of the Harappan civilization, including Mohenjo-Daro, Dholavira, Lothal, and Chanhudaro. It describes the key features of Mohenjo-Daro such as its planned city layout with wide main streets and smaller alleys, and courtyard houses opening onto a central courtyard. It also discusses the dockyard and warehouse structures at Lothal that indicate its importance as a trade hub, and Chanhudaro's craft industries including bead making and metalworking. The artistic achievements of the Harappans are highlighted through sculptures like the "Priest King" and "Dancing Girl".
Harappa
The Harappan civilization was an ancient urban culture located along the Indus River valley from about 2600 BCE to 1900 BCE. Two major cities, Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, had populations of over 35,000 people and were built on a grid pattern with standardized bricks and advanced water and drainage systems. The economy was based on agriculture and long-distance trade. Archaeologists have uncovered sculptures and seals depicting religious figures as well as evidence of spiritual practices like yoga. The civilization mysteriously declined around 1900 BCE, possibly due to flooding or changes in water resources.
INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION
The Indus Valley Civilization began around 7000 BCE and reached its peak around 2500 BCE, centered around the large cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro. These cities had populations of around 40,000 people and were carefully planned with grid-like streets and drainage systems. Around 1500 BCE, Aryan nomads began migrating into northern India, bringing with them their Indo-European language and religion centered around gods like Indra. They established themselves throughout the region and influenced the collapse of the Indus civilization. Their migrations helped establish Vedic culture and the beginnings of the caste system in India.
Describing Indus valley art and Civilization
Indus Valley art and description of the Indus Valley civilization
Indus valley
The Indus Valley civilization was one of the earliest civilizations in world history, located in northwest India from 3300-1300 BCE. It featured large, well-planned urban centers like Harappa and Mohenjo Daro with populations of tens of thousands. The cities had advanced architecture, sanitation systems, and extensive trade networks. Though over 400 symbols have been found, the meaning of the Indus script remains unknown. The civilization grew wheat, barley, and other crops and had a diet including meat and fruits. Figurines suggest the worship of mother goddesses and animal deities. After 1900 BCE, the cities were rapidly abandoned due to unknown catastrophic events like migrations or assaults.
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The Harappan Civilization
The Harappan civilization was an ancient civilization that flourished along the Indus River in present-day Pakistan from around 3300 BC to 1700 BC. It was centered around the cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, which featured advanced architecture and urban planning including organized streets and drainage systems. The Harappan people engaged in agriculture, domesticated animals, developed trade networks, and had a literate society with skilled artisans. At its peak, the Harappan civilization was one of the most advanced ancient civilizations.
harappa
The Indus Valley Civilization spanned parts of modern-day Pakistan and northwest India from 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE. At its peak during the Mature Harappan period from 2600-1900 BCE, the civilization had trade networks connecting it as far as Mesopotamia in the west and parts of Central Asia. It featured large urban settlements built along major rivers, many with sophisticated water and drainage systems. While no conclusive evidence of religious structures has been found, some seals depict figures in poses resembling later Hindu deities like Shiva, and burial practices included both burial and cremation.
Indus valley civilization
The Indus Valley civilization flourished between 4000-1000 BC along the Indus River valley in modern-day Pakistan. Major cities included Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, which had impressive urban planning with organized streets and drainage systems. The civilization engaged in agriculture along the river and extensive trade. It declined around 1900-1300 BC due to various proposed factors such as flooding or drought.
Indus valley civilization
The Indus Valley Civilization flourished around 2500 BCE along the Indus River valley in what is now Pakistan and northwest India. Two major cities, Mohenjo-daro and Harappa, had sophisticated urban planning with streets laid out in grids and advanced sanitation systems, suggesting well-established civilized society. While much remains unknown about the civilization's decline, potential factors included floods, earthquakes, changing river courses, and invasions by outsiders.
INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION
The Indus Valley Civilization was an ancient civilization that flourished along the Indus River and Ghaggar-Hakra River in what is now Pakistan and northwest India from 3300 BC to 1700 BC. Major cities of the civilization included Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, which had advanced sewage and drainage systems. The civilization engaged in extensive trade with Mesopotamia and other regions. While much remains unknown about the civilization, archaeologists have uncovered evidence of their advanced urban planning, systems of weights and measures, arts and crafts, and religious symbols.
Indu Culture
The Indus Valley civilization emerged along the Indus River in South Asia around 3200 BC. People began building planned cities around 2500 BC, with careful design that included fortified citadels, water and sewage systems, suggesting a strong central government. While the Harappan language has not been deciphered, the uniform culture extended over a large area and artifacts show a prosperous society with some religious figures that link to later Hindu traditions. Trade networks developed to move goods like gold, silver and cotton via the Indus River and overland routes.
Harappan civilization- lijitha
The document summarizes key aspects of the Harappan civilization, one of the earliest civilizations in South Asia. It discusses how the civilization was named after its type site of Harappa. Major cities included Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro, and Lothal, where excavations beginning in the 1920s uncovered evidence of the civilization. The Harappan civilization developed between 2600-1800 BCE along the Indus River valley, with large urban settlements, standardized weights and measures, advanced drainage systems, and international trade networks. While much remains unknown about the civilization due to its undeciphered writing system, archaeological findings provide insights into its urban planning, architecture, arts, and eventual decline around 1800 BCE.
Indus valley civilization tyba
The Indus Valley Civilization was discovered in 1921 in modern-day Pakistan and northwest India. It consisted of over 1,500 sites spread across 1.3 million square kilometers, including major cities like Harappa, Mohenjo-Daro, and Lothal. The civilization demonstrates sophisticated urban planning and infrastructure, including standardized bricks, streets, drainage systems, and water supply. Residents practiced agriculture and domesticated animals, and engaged in regional trade of materials, shells, and other goods. Though the script remains undeciphered, the civilization likely had its own religious beliefs and language. It declined around 1500 BCE possibly due to environmental changes like floods. Recent excavations continue adding to understanding of the advanced Bronze Age
Indus valley civilization
The Indus Valley Civilization was a Bronze Age civilization that flourished along the Indus River in what is now Pakistan and northwestern India between 2600-1900 BCE. Major cities included Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, which had populations of around 40,000 people and were laid out in an organized grid pattern with advanced water and drainage systems. The civilization engaged in extensive trade of materials and surplus agricultural goods. While the writing system remains undeciphered, artifacts provide evidence of a complex society and political system that governed through trade and religion rather than military force.
Harappan Civilization
The document summarizes the Harappan civilization which flourished between 2500-1500 BCE along the Indus River valley. Some key aspects include:
- The Harappan civilization had two major cities, Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, with populations around 35,000-40,000. There were over 300 smaller settlements.
- They developed sophisticated urban planning with drainage systems and large public baths, indicating importance of cleanliness.
- By 1900 BCE the civilization was already in decline possibly due to environmental factors like deforestation. Both major cities were abandoned by 1500 BCE.
Harappan civilization
This document summarizes information about the Indus Valley Civilization. It provides details about archaeological excavations that have uncovered over 1,000 cities and settlements. The civilization had advanced urban planning with drainage and sanitation systems. The economy was based on agriculture and domesticated animals. While no single center of power has been identified, there are signs of complex decision making. Theories for the decline of the civilization include flooding, decreased rainfall, and drought.
Indus valley civilisation ppt
The Indus Valley Civilization was a Bronze Age civilization that flourished between 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE in South Asia. It extended from present-day Pakistan and northwest India to Gujarat. The civilization is also known as the Harappan civilization, named after its first excavated site of Harappa. Key features of the Indus Valley civilization included well-planned cities divided into citadels and lower towns with drainage systems. Major sites included Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, one of the largest at 300 hectares. The civilization collapsed around 1900 BCE due to factors like climate change, deforestation, and shifting river patterns.
Harappa civilization iv
The document summarizes the society, religion, and decline of the Indus Valley Civilization. It discusses how society was stratified into rulers, merchants, and laborers. Religion was polytheistic and included worship of mother goddesses and phallic symbols. The decline of the civilization around 1800-1700 BC is thought to have been caused by major ecological changes, including flooding from shifts in the Indus river, that damaged agriculture and urban centers and led the society to gradually collapse.
Harappan Civilisation
The Harappan civilization flourished in the fertile Indus valley due to annual flooding and irrigation systems. Agriculture was a major part of their economy, growing crops like wheat and barley. They also practiced animal husbandry, domesticating cattle, goats, and using other animals for labor. The Harappans developed specialized crafts and arts, with skilled artisans producing copper, bronze, and gold jewelry and weapons through advanced metallurgical techniques. Bead making, pottery, weaving, and seal carving with realistic animal designs were also important artistic achievements of the Harappan civilization. Raw materials for these crafts came from local sources as well as imports from places like present-day Afghanistan, Iran, and
Indus valley civilization
The Indus Valley Civilization was one of the three earliest civilizations in the Old World, flourishing from 3300-1300 BC along the Indus River valley. At its peak, the civilization had over five million inhabitants living in well-planned urban centers with sophisticated sanitation systems. Though much remains unknown about the civilization, archaeologists have uncovered extensive artwork, advanced agricultural practices, a system of uniform weights and measures, and evidence of religious practices. The causes of the civilization's decline around 1800 BC remain unclear but may have included climate change or invasion.
Chapter 1 Overview Indus Valley
The Indus River Valley civilization arose around 2600 BCE and was centered around the cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro. The cities had well-planned layouts with modern plumbing and drainage systems. Writing from this time has yet to be translated. The civilization faced challenges from unpredictable rivers and strong winds/monsoons. It declined around 1500 BCE, possibly due to natural disasters, overuse of land, or invaders.
THE HARAPPAN CIVILISATION
The Harappan civilization flourished from 3300 BCE to 1300 BCE along the Indus River valley. Some key aspects include:
1) Major urban centers included Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, which had planned streets and separate areas for citizens and aristocrats.
2) Notable structures include the Great Bath at Mohenjo-Daro, believed to be used for religious rituals, and granaries to store grains.
3) The civilization engaged in extensive trade using standardized weights and measures, with connections to Mesopotamia evidenced by seals.
harappan civilization
This document provides information on several sites of the Harappan civilization, including Mohenjo-Daro, Dholavira, Lothal, and Chanhudaro. It describes the key features of Mohenjo-Daro such as its planned city layout with wide main streets and smaller alleys, and courtyard houses opening onto a central courtyard. It also discusses the dockyard and warehouse structures at Lothal that indicate its importance as a trade hub, and Chanhudaro's craft industries including bead making and metalworking. The artistic achievements of the Harappans are highlighted through sculptures like the "Priest King" and "Dancing Girl".
Harappa
The Harappan civilization was an ancient urban culture located along the Indus River valley from about 2600 BCE to 1900 BCE. Two major cities, Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, had populations of over 35,000 people and were built on a grid pattern with standardized bricks and advanced water and drainage systems. The economy was based on agriculture and long-distance trade. Archaeologists have uncovered sculptures and seals depicting religious figures as well as evidence of spiritual practices like yoga. The civilization mysteriously declined around 1900 BCE, possibly due to flooding or changes in water resources.
INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION
The Indus Valley Civilization began around 7000 BCE and reached its peak around 2500 BCE, centered around the large cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro. These cities had populations of around 40,000 people and were carefully planned with grid-like streets and drainage systems. Around 1500 BCE, Aryan nomads began migrating into northern India, bringing with them their Indo-European language and religion centered around gods like Indra. They established themselves throughout the region and influenced the collapse of the Indus civilization. Their migrations helped establish Vedic culture and the beginnings of the caste system in India.
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Describing Indus valley art and Civilization
Indus Valley art and description of the Indus Valley civilization
Indus valley
The Indus Valley civilization was one of the earliest civilizations in world history, located in northwest India from 3300-1300 BCE. It featured large, well-planned urban centers like Harappa and Mohenjo Daro with populations of tens of thousands. The cities had advanced architecture, sanitation systems, and extensive trade networks. Though over 400 symbols have been found, the meaning of the Indus script remains unknown. The civilization grew wheat, barley, and other crops and had a diet including meat and fruits. Figurines suggest the worship of mother goddesses and animal deities. After 1900 BCE, the cities were rapidly abandoned due to unknown catastrophic events like migrations or assaults.
Indus Valley Civilization.pptx
The document provides information about the Indus Valley Civilization, including its origins and major sites of Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa. It notes that the earliest settlements began around 6,500 BC in the Indus Valley. By 3,000 BC, there were hundreds of settled communities that grew into large walled cities like Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa by 2,600 BC, marking the beginning of the Indus Valley Civilization. Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa shared similarities in urban planning, architecture, and standardized bricks, indicating a highly organized government. The civilization declined around 1900 BC possibly due to environmental factors or invasion.
Indus valley civilisation
The Indus Valley Civilization was a Bronze Age civilization located in what is now Pakistan and northwest India. It was one of three early civilizations in the Old World, along with ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia. The civilization was highly advanced and urbanized, with well-planned cities containing sophisticated water and drainage systems. Trade networks extended across Afghanistan, Persia, and parts of India and Mesopotamia. While the precise form of governance is unknown, archaeological evidence suggests the presence of a central authority. The Indus Valley Civilization declined around 1300 BCE, possibly due to environmental changes.
INDUS VALLEY and its historic background.ppt
1. The Indus River Valley Civilization consisted of two major cities, Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, which were centrally planned with fortresses, a grid layout, and advanced infrastructure like baked brick homes, water and sewage systems, and granaries.
2. Both cities displayed a uniform culture and advanced architecture, agriculture, crafts and trade networks, though the language remains undeciphered, suggesting a highly organized society and economy.
3. The civilization began declining around 1750 BCE due to environmental factors, and was ultimately replaced by Aryan groups entering the region by 1500 BCE.
Indus valley civilization and vedic period
The document provides information about the Indus Valley Civilization and the subsequent Vedic Period in India. It discusses that the Indus Valley Civilization spanned from around 2500 BCE to 1700 BCE, and was centered around two major cities - Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro. It was an urban civilization characterized by advanced architecture, sanitation systems, and trade. The civilization declined around 1700 BCE due to drought. The Vedic Period followed between 1500 BCE to 500 BCE, during which Indo-Aryan groups migrated into northern India. Society was largely rural and agriculture-based, with religious texts like the Rig Veda being compiled.
Indus valley civlization
The Indus Valley Civilization was an ancient civilization located in what is Pakistan and northwest India today, on the fertile flood plain of the Indus River and its vicinity. Evidence of religious practices in this area date back approximately to 5500 BCE. Farming settlements began around 4000 BCE and around 3000 BCE there appeared the first signs of urbanization. By 2600 BCE, dozens of towns and cities had been established, and between 2500 and 2000 BCE the Indus Valley Civilization was at its peak.
Indus valley civilisation
The Indus Valley Civilization was a Bronze Age civilization located in what is now Pakistan and northwest India. It was one of three early civilizations of the Old World, along with ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia. The civilization was highly advanced and urbanized, with well-planned cities containing sophisticated water and drainage systems. Trade networks extended across Afghanistan, Persia, and parts of India and Mesopotamia. While the precise form of governance is unknown, archaeological evidence suggests the presence of centralized authority and administration. The Indus Valley Civilization declined around 1300 BCE, possibly due to environmental changes.
Indus Valley Civilization
The Indus Valley Civilization was an ancient civilization located in Northwestern India and Pakistan along the Indus River. It was one of the largest ancient civilizations, covering over 1 million square kilometers, with major cities like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro housing up to 80,000 people each. The civilization had advanced urban planning with standardized brick architecture and drainage systems. They practiced agriculture including wheat, barley and cotton. While the writing system remains undeciphered, artifacts provide evidence of a sophisticated culture with organized cities, skilled craftspeople, and long-distance trade networks. The decline of the civilization around 1900 BC may have been due to ecological disturbances, natural disasters, or invasions.
INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION
The document summarizes key information about the Indus Valley Civilization, including:
- The civilization flourished from 3300-1300 BCE along the Indus River valley in what is now modern-day Pakistan and northwest India. At its peak it covered an area over 1 million square kilometers.
- Major cities included Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, which had sophisticated urban planning with standardized bricks, streets, and sanitation systems.
- While much is still unknown about the culture due to the undeciphered writing system, archaeology has revealed advanced techniques in metallurgy, crafts, and international trade. The civilization declined around 1300 BCE for unknown reasons.
INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION.pptx
The document outlines an initial script for a documentary about the Indus Valley Civilization. It provides background on the civilization, noting that it began in the Indus River valley around 3300 BCE, evolving from early villages. Two major cities, Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, have been excavated that show extensive trade and urban planning. The script covers topics like society, artifacts, language, and the civilization's eventual decline around 1900 BCE, likely due to drought and climate change reducing trade. The documentary aims to showcase that the Indus civilization is uniquely still alive today in the region's culture.
Indus valley civilisation
The Indus Valley civilization flourished around 4000-1000 BC along the Indus River in modern-day Pakistan. Two major cities, Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, had sophisticated urban planning with standardized bricks, streets, wells, and drainage systems. The civilization engaged in extensive trade networks. While its writing remains undeciphered, artifacts indicate it may have been an advanced civilization. Around 1500 BC, ecological disasters and Aryan migrations contributed to the decline and deurbanization of the Indus Valley civilization.
Harappan civi
The Indus Valley Civilization was one of the world's earliest urban civilizations located in northwestern India and eastern Pakistan. It flourished between 3300 BCE and 1300 BCE, covering over 1 million square kilometers. Major cities included Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro, which had sophisticated urban planning with standardized bricks, sewage systems, and multi-story buildings. The Indus Valley Civilization developed new agricultural, metallurgical, and craft techniques and engaged in extensive regional trade. Around 1800 BCE, the civilization began to decline due to changing climate or flooding of the Ghaggar Hakra river system, and most cities were abandoned by 1300 BCE.
FINAL PPT HARAPPAN CIVILIZATION XII BY BEENA BAWA.pptx
The document provides details about the Indus Valley Civilization, also known as the Harappan Civilization, which was a Bronze Age civilization that flourished between 3300-1300 BCE. It discusses the initial discoveries of Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro in the 1920s, and describes some key aspects of the civilization, including their large urban settlements that often had populations of tens of thousands, advanced systems of infrastructure like sanitation, and sophisticated town planning with standardized bricks and streets. The civilization declined around 1300 BCE, but left behind archaeological sites that provide insights into its advanced urban culture.
Hateem
The Indus Valley Civilization was one of the earliest civilizations in South Asia, developing around 4,500-5,000 years ago along the Indus River valley. Excavations in Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro revealed well-planned cities with multi-storied brick houses, bathrooms, and drainage systems, suggesting a complex society that accumulated great wealth as traders. The Indus Valley people were likely Dravidians who farmed along the river and depended on seasonal floods for irrigation. While the civilization declined suddenly around 1750 BCE for unknown reasons, it provides evidence of an advanced Bronze Age culture in the Indian subcontinent.
Microsoft Slide [Slide Share Test].pptx
The document provides a history of India from the earliest human settlements approximately 73,000 years ago through the Vedic period ending around 500 BCE. It details the transition to settled agricultural life beginning around 7000 BCE at sites like Mehrgarh, the emergence of the Indus Valley Civilization between 2500-1900 BCE which spanned parts of modern-day Pakistan and northwestern India, and the Vedic period starting around 1900 BCE when Indo-Aryan tribes migrated into the region. Between 800-200 BCE, the Shramana movement formed religions like Jainism and Buddhism, and India experienced a second period of urbanization starting around 500 BCE.
Google Slide [Slide Share Test].pptx
The document provides a history of India from the earliest human settlements approximately 73,000-55,000 years ago. It discusses the transition to settled life around 7,000 BCE which led to the Indus Valley Civilization between 2,500-1900 BCE. This civilization flourished in modern-day Pakistan and northwest India, noted for its urban planning, houses, drainage, and water supply. The Vedic period began around 1500 BCE when Indo-Aryan tribes migrated into the Punjab, composing hymns. Buddhism and Jainism emerged between 800-400 BCE as ascetic movements challenging orthodox rituals.
INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION
The Indus Valley Civilization was one of the three earliest civilizations in the Old World, located along the Indus River valley in modern-day Pakistan and northwest India from 3300-1300 BCE. At its height, the civilization's cities like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro had populations over 5 million and sophisticated urban planning with drainage and water supply systems. While its writing remains undeciphered, the civilization developed new crafts and trade. By 1800 BCE, the civilization began declining as its connections with other regions were lost and some cities were abandoned, possibly due to flooding of the Saraswati River. Around 1500 BCE, nomadic Aryan groups migrated into the region, introducing new languages and religious
indusvalleycivilization-150916224342-lva1-app6892.pdf
The Indus Valley Civilization was one of the three earliest civilizations in the Old World, located along the Indus River valley in modern-day Pakistan and northwest India from 3300-1300 BCE. At its height, the civilization's cities like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro had over 5 million inhabitants and sophisticated urban planning with drainage and water supply systems. While its writing still remains undeciphered, the Indus Valley Civilization developed new crafts and technologies. The civilization began declining around 1800 BCE due to changing river patterns and flooding, and was later influenced by migrations of Aryan peoples into the region starting around 1500 BCE.
Indus valley civilization
The Indus Valley Civilization developed around 5,000 years ago along the Indus River valley. At its height from 2600-1700 BC, over 1.25 million square kilometers contained many well-organized cities built of brick and stone with sophisticated drainage, wells, and water storage. The civilization developed advanced systems of weights, trade, and a writing system, though the language remains undeciphered. Daily life involved crafts like jewelry-making and children's toys.
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FINAL PPT HARAPPAN CIVILIZATION XII BY BEENA BAWA.pptx
FINAL PPT HARAPPAN CIVILIZATION XII BY BEENA BAWA.pptx
indusvalleycivilization-150916224342-lva1-app6892.pdf
indusvalleycivilization-150916224342-lva1-app6892.pdf
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HARRAPA
- 1. • An archaeological site in Punjab, northeast Pakistan, about 24 km (15 mi) west of Sahiwal.
- 3. • village located near the former course of the Ravi River.
- 4. • The site of the ancient city contains the ruins of a Bronze Age fortified city, which was part of the Cemetery H culture and the Indus Valley Civilization, centered in Sindh and the Punjab.
- 5. The city is believed to have had as many as 23,500 residents and occupied over 100 hectares (250 acres) at its greatest extent during the Mature Harappan phase (2600–1900 BC), which is considered large for its time.[2][3] Per archaeological convention of naming a previously unknown civilization by its first excavated site, The Indus Valley Civilization is also called the Harappan Civilization.
- 6. • (also known as the Harappan culture) has its earliest roots in cultures such as that of Mehrgarh, approximately 6000 BCE. The two greatest cities, Mohenjo-daro and Harappa, emerged circa 2600 BCE along the Indus Rivervalley in Punjab and Sindh.
- 7. • The civilization, with a writing system , urban centers, and diversified social and economic system, was rediscovered in the 1920s after excavations at Mohenjo-daro in Sindh near Larkana, and Harappa, in west Punjab south of Lahore
- 8. A number of other sites stretching from the Himalayan foothills in east Punjab, India in the north, toGujarat in the south and east, and to Balochistan in the west have also been discovered and studied.
- 9. • Although the archaeological site at Harappa was damaged in 1857 when engineers constructing the Lahore-Multan railroad used brick from the Harappa ruins for track ballast.
- 10. • Indus Valley civilization was mainly an urban culture sustained by surplus agricultural production and commerce, the latter including trade with Sumer in southern Mesopotamia. Both Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa are generally characterized as having "differentiated living quarters, flat-roofed brick houses, and fortified administrative or religious centers." [8] Although such similarities have given rise to arguments for the existence of a standardized system of urban layout and planning, the similarities are largely due to the presence of a semi-orthogonal type of civic layout, and a comparison of the layouts of Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa shows that they are in fact, arranged in a quite dissimilar fashion. The chart weights and measures of the Indus Valley Civilization, on the other hand, were highly standardized, and conform to a set scale of gradations. Distinctive seals were used, among other applications, perhaps for identification of property and shipment of goods. Although copper and bronze were in use, iron was not yet employed. "Cotton was woven and dyed for clothing; wheat, rice, and a variety of vegetables and fruits were cultivated; and a number of animals, including the humped bull, were domesticated ,"[8] as well as "fowl for fighting". [9] Wheel-made pottery—some of it adorned with animal and geometric motifs—has been found in profusion at all the major Indus sites. A centralized administration for each city, though not the whole civilization, has been inferred from the revealed cultural uniformity; however, it remains uncertain whether authority lay with a commercial oligarchy.
- 15. • The excavators of the site have proposed the following chronology of Harappa's occupation: • Ravi Aspect of the Hakra phase, c. 3300 – 2800 BC. • Kot Dijian (Early Harappan) phase, c. 2800 – 2600 BC. • Harappan Phase, c. 2600 – 1900 BC. • Transitional Phase, c. 1900 – 1800 BC. • Late Harappan Phase, c. 1800 – 1300 BC.
Editor's Notes
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