This document discusses hardware, software, and information systems. It covers the roles of hardware components like processors, memory, and storage devices. It also explains operating systems and how they manage hardware resources and enable application software. Application software is discussed, including examples of personal productivity, enterprise, and specialized applications. Key trends in licensing and how they impact organizations and individuals are also mentioned.

1. Managment Information
System
Chapter #4:
Hardware & Software

2. Principles and Learning Objectives
• Information system users must work closely with information
system professionals to define business needs, evaluate
options, and select the hardware and software that provide a
cost-effective solution to those needs.
• Identify and discuss the role of the essential hardware components of a
computer system.
• List and describe popular classes of computer systems and discuss the
role of each.
• Outline the role of the operating system and discuss how operating
systems have evolved over time.
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3. Principles and Learning Objectives
• Organizations do not develop proprietary
application software unless doing so will meet a
compelling business need that can provide a
competitive advantage.
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4. Principles and Learning Objectives
• End users and IS professionals use a
programming language whose functional
characteristics are appropriate to the task at
hand.
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5. Principles and Learning Objectives
• The information system industry continues to
undergo constant change; users need to be
aware of recent trends and issues in software
licensing to be effective in their business and
personal life.
• Identify several key issues and trends in licensing that
have an impact on organizations and individuals.
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6. Computer System Components
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7. Hardware Components in Action
• Instruction phase
• Step 1: Fetch instruction
• Step 2: Decode instruction
• Execution phase
• Step 3: Execute the instruction
• Step 4: Store the results
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8. Execution of an Instruction
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9. Processing and Memory
Devices
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10. Processing Characteristics and
Functions
• Machine cycle time
• Clock speed
• Wordlength
• Superconductivity
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11. Moore’s Law
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12. Number of Bytes
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13. Types of Memory
• Random access memory (RAM)
• SDRAM
• DRAM
• Read-only memory (ROM)
• PROM
• EPROM
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14. DRAM:
• Pronounced dee-ram, DRAM stands
for dynamic random access memory, a type of
memory used in most personal computers.
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15. SRAM:
• Short for static random access memory, and
pronounced ess-ram. SRAM is a type of memory
that is faster and more reliable than the more
common DRAM(dynamic RAM). The
term static is derived from the fact that it
doesn't need to be refreshed like dynamic RAM
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16. Basic Types of Memory Chips
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17. Secondary Storage and Output
Devices
17

18. Cost Comparisons for Various Forms of
Data Storage
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19. Secondary Storage Access Methods
• Sequential access
• Direct access
• Sequential access storage devices
• Direct access storage devices
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20. Secondary Storage Devices
• Magnetic tapes
• Magnetic discs
• RAID
• SAN
• Optical discs
• Magneto-optical discs
• Digital versatile discs
• Memory cards
• Expandable storage
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21. Types of Secondary Storage
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22. Hard Disc
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23. Storage Area Network
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24. Digital Versatile Disc Player
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25. Expandable Storage
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26. Comparison of Secondary Storage
Devices
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27. Input Devices
• Personal computer input devices
• Voice-recognition devices
• Digital computer cameras
• Terminals
• Scanning devices
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28. Output Devices
• Display Monitors
• Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs)
• Printers and Plotters
• Music Devices
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29. Laser Printer
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30. Types of Computer Systems
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31. Overview of Software
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32. Overview of Software
• Computer programs
• Documentation
• Systems software
• Computer system platform
• Application software
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33. Classifying Software by Type and Sphere of
Influence
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34. Systems Software
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35. Operating Systems
• Perform common computer hardware functions
• Provide a user interface
• Provide a degree of hardware independence
• Manage system memory
• Manage processing tasks
• Provide networking capability
• Control access to system resources
• Manage files
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36. Role of the Operating System
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37. Application Program Interface
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38. An Example of the Operating System
Controlling Physical Access to Data
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39. Popular Operating Systems
39

40. Workgroup Operating Systems
• Windows 2000 Server
• Unix
• Netware
• Red Hat Linux
• Mac OS X Server
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41. Consumer Appliance Operating
Systems
• Windows CE .NET
• Windows XP Embedded
• Handheld PC
• Pocket PC
• Palm OS
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42. Nokia 7650
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43. Application Software
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44. Sources of Software
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45. Proprietary and Off-the-Shelf Software
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46. Examples of Personal Productivity Software
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47. Word Processing Program
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48. Database Program
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49. Software Suites
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50. Enterprise Application Software
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51. Use of Integrated Supply Chain
Management Software
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52. Selected Enterprise Resource Planning
Vendors
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