detail explanation about computers

1. CHAPTER 1
Computer Concept

2. Overview
• Introduction
• Hardware and Software
• Computer Structure
• Type of computer

3. Introduction
 A computer is an electronic device that manipulates
information or data.
• Receives, processes, store data and produce a result (output)
 Uses hardware and software

4. Introduction
• The computers only knows “1” and “0” but it knows how to
combined them into more complex thing.
• Such as :
Photo/picture Movies Games

5. Hardware is any physical part of the computer which include all the internal
components (motherboard, RAM, NIC) and also the external part such as the
monitor and the keyboard.
Software is any set of instructions that tells the hardware what to do. Such as
web browser, media player or word processor.
HARDWARE SOFTWARE

6. Hardware

7. OUTPUT DEVICES

9. INPUT DEVICES

11. Software
• System Software
• Application Software

12. Application Software
• Performs specific tasks:
• Word processing
• Calculations
• Information storage and
retrieval
• Accounting
• Cannot function without the
OS (Operating System)
• Written for a specific
operating system and
computer hardware.

13. Operating System Software
• Loads automatically when
you switch on a computer
• Main roles:
• Controls hardware and software
• Permits you to manage files
• Acts as intermediary between
user and applications

14. Operating System Software
Software which manages the overall operation of the
computer system including:
• hardware (CPU, RAM, I/O)
• security
• system interface
• application interface

15. GUI – Graphical User Interface
Windows 3.1
Windows
95/98/XP

16. GUI – Graphical User Interface
MAC OS
UNIX/LINUX with
X-Windows

17. Software
Software Example
Antivirus AVG, Avast, Norton
Audio / Music program iTune,WinAmp
Database Access, MySQL, SQL
Email Outlook, Thunderbird
Game Madden NFL Football, Quake, World
of Warcraft
Internet browser Firefox, Google chrome, IE
Operating System MAC, Windows 7, Windows XP

18. Type of Computers

19. Which one is the computer?
Rock Calculator Television
Modern Airplane Washing Machine Computer Workstation

20. Is a rock a computer?
• Computers must be able to handle input and
output
• Does not act or process
• Takes no input and
produces no output

21. Is a washing machine a computer?
• Computers input and output information
• Input: dirty clothes
• Output: clean clothes
• Does not handle
information

22. Is a television set a computer?
• Computers process information by computing
new results and answering queries
• Input: information from
cables or radio waves
• Output: information as
sound and picture
• Does not process
information

23. Is a modern airplane a computer?
• Computers are general purpose because they
can perform many different tasks
• Input: information from
radio waves
• Output: manipulations to
the airplane
• Can only handle specific
information necessary
for flight control

24. Is an ordinary calculator a computer?
• Computers are programmable so they can
remember sequences of operations
• Input: numbers and
mathematical operations
• Output: answer
• Handles any numeric task
• Cannot remember which
buttons are pressed

25. Definition of a Computer
• a general purpose,
• programmable,
• information processor
• with input and output

26. What can computers do – today?
• Business productivity managers
• Personal information managers
• Spreadsheets
• Database software
• Desktop publishing
• Multimedia encyclopedias
• Simulate the physical world
• Produce a music video

27. Computer Structure

28. Processor
 A part of computer system that is commonly referred as a
‘brains’ of a computer.
 Also known as CPU
(Central Processing Unit)
or microprocessor.
 Responsible for executing a sequence of stored instruction
called a program.
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

29. Parts of Processor
 Control Unit
 Make decisions and send the appropriate signal down its line to other parts of the
computer.
 Controls the timing of operations and controls the instructions sent to the processor.
 Arithmetic / Logic Unit (ALU)
 The ALU carries out arithmetic and logic function.
 It carries out all the calculation and makes decisions on the data sent to the
processor.
 Registers
 Provide temporary memory storage locations within the processor.

30. Input, Process, Output (IPO)
 Input: Involves entering the data and instructions that the computer
needs to carry out a particular task.
 Process: is what the computer should to do with the data or
instructions that have been input.
 Output: is the set of results which is obtained when the instructions
have been run.

32. Main Memory
 A running program is stored along with its data in the main
memory of the computer.
 Main memory is divided up into storage locations each
with its own unique address.
 A single storage location can hold one or more bytes of
information.

33. Main memory size
 This is the amount of memory allocated to a computer system. Most
modern computers come with a minimum of 3 or 4 Gigabytes of RAM.
 There are two different types of memory: RAM and ROM.
 RAM or Random Access Memory is volatile. This means that when
the computer is switched off all the contents of the RAM are lost.
 ROM or Read Only Memory retains all of its information even when
the computer is switched off.

34. Backing Storage
• Backing storage is used for permanent storage of
programs and data.
• Hard disks and USB flash drives are common forms of
backing storage.
• Magnetic tapes are used in large commercial
organizations to store long term data. Backup copies are
often held on tape.

35. Define a computer.
What is the basic parts of processor?
What are the different between ROM and RAM?
Illustrate the step cycle of CPU.