2. Hanta VirusesHanta Viruses
Hanta virus belong toHanta virus belong to
family - Bunyaviridaefamily - Bunyaviridae
Found GloballyFound Globally
Causes serious diseases,Causes serious diseases,
can be fatalcan be fatal
It is estimated there areIt is estimated there are
100,000 to 200,000100,000 to 200,000
infections occurinfections occur
worldwide.worldwide.
Dr.T.V.Rao MDDr.T.V.Rao MD
3. Hanta Virus diseasesHanta Virus diseases
Hantavirus infections are caused by aHantavirus infections are caused by a
group of viruses known as hantaviruses.group of viruses known as hantaviruses.
These viruses cause two serious illnessesThese viruses cause two serious illnesses
in humans. They are hemorrhagicin humans. They are hemorrhagic
(pronounced heh-meh-RA-jik) fever with(pronounced heh-meh-RA-jik) fever with
renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirusrenal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus
pulmonary syndrome (HPS).pulmonary syndrome (HPS).
Dr.T.V.Rao MDDr.T.V.Rao MD
5. Source of Hanta Virus InfectionsSource of Hanta Virus Infections
There are several distinctThere are several distinct
Hanta viruses, eachHanta viruses, each
associated with specificassociated with specific
Rodent HostRodent Host
The Infection in RodentsThe Infection in Rodents
are life long withoutare life long without
deleterious effects.deleterious effects.
Humans get infected byHumans get infected by
inhaling aerosols ofinhaling aerosols of
Rodent excreta.Rodent excreta.
( Urine, Feces, Saliva )( Urine, Feces, Saliva )
6.
7. Spread of Hanta VirusSpread of Hanta Virus
InfectionsInfections
8. Breeding of RodentsBreeding of Rodents
have relation to spreadhave relation to spread
of Infectionof Infection
9. Diseases produced byDiseases produced by
Hanta virus InfectionsHanta virus Infections
1 Hemorrhagic fever with Renal Syndrome1 Hemorrhagic fever with Renal Syndrome
( HFR )( HFR )
2 Hanta virus pulmonary Syndrome ( HPS )2 Hanta virus pulmonary Syndrome ( HPS )
Infection with Hanta virus is associatedInfection with Hanta virus is associated
with Geographic distribution of Rodentswith Geographic distribution of Rodents
and nature of the Virus.and nature of the Virus.
10. Hemorrhagic Fever with RenalHemorrhagic Fever with Renal
SyndromeSyndrome
The virus were first isolated inThe virus were first isolated in
1976 in Korea from a Rodent1976 in Korea from a Rodent
Apodemus AgrarisApodemus Agraris
Urban Rats are to beUrban Rats are to be
persistently infected withpersistently infected with
Hanta virusHanta virus
Rats migrate on trading shipsRats migrate on trading ships
and disperse the virus worldand disperse the virus world
widewide
Hanta virus infection hasHanta virus infection has
occurred in persons whoseoccurred in persons whose
occupations place them inoccupations place them in
contact with Ratscontact with Rats
11. Hemorrhagic Fever – RenalHemorrhagic Fever – Renal
syndromesyndrome
Acute Hanta viral infection causes aAcute Hanta viral infection causes a
Interstitial nephritisInterstitial nephritis
Lead to acute renal insufficiency and renalLead to acute renal insufficiency and renal
failure in severe formfailure in severe form
Generalized hemorrhage and shock mayGeneralized hemorrhage and shock may
occur with case fatalities upto 5 – 15 %occur with case fatalities upto 5 – 15 %
Dr.T.V.Rao MDDr.T.V.Rao MD
12. MangementMangement
Hemorrhagic fever, andHemorrhagic fever, and
renal failure are managedrenal failure are managed
with supportive treatment.with supportive treatment.
Rodent controlRodent control
Protection from exposureProtection from exposure
to rodent droppings andto rodent droppings and
contaminated material.contaminated material.
13. Hanta virus – PulmonaryHanta virus – Pulmonary
syndromesyndrome
Caused by novel Hanta virusCaused by novel Hanta virus
( Sin Nombre virus )( Sin Nombre virus )
First case was reported from NorthFirst case was reported from North
AmericaAmerica
Primarily anPrimarily an adult respiratoryadult respiratory
disease syndromedisease syndrome
The deer mouse ( PeromyscusThe deer mouse ( Peromyscus
maniculats) is the primary rodentmaniculats) is the primary rodent
for Sin Nombre virusfor Sin Nombre virus
10 % of the deer mouse are infected.10 % of the deer mouse are infected.
Other viruses resembling novelOther viruses resembling novel
Hantavirus can cause Hanta viralHantavirus can cause Hanta viral
pulmonary syndromepulmonary syndrome
Dr.T.V.RaoDr.T.V.Rao
14. Other viruses causing HPSOther viruses causing HPS
New York virusNew York virus
Black Creek canalBlack Creek canal
virusvirus
Bayou virusBayou virus
and each type of virusand each type of virus
has a different Rodenthas a different Rodent
hosthost
15. Clinical ManifestationsClinical Manifestations
Infections and subclinical infections are not common.Infections and subclinical infections are not common.
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is generally severe withHantavirus pulmonary syndrome is generally severe with
reported mortality rate of > 30 % or greater.reported mortality rate of > 30 % or greater.
Present withPresent with
Fever, Headache,MyalgiaFever, Headache,Myalgia
Prolonged pulmonary edemaProlonged pulmonary edema
Leading to respiratory compromiseLeading to respiratory compromise
No signs of hemorrhageNo signs of hemorrhage
Dr.T.V.Rao MDDr.T.V.Rao MD
16. PathogenesisPathogenesis
Hanta viral antigens are found inHanta viral antigens are found in
endothelial cells.endothelial cells.
In macrophages in lung, heart,In macrophages in lung, heart,
Spleen,LymphnodesSpleen,Lymphnodes
Leads to functional impairment of vascularLeads to functional impairment of vascular
endotheliumendothelium
Person to person transmission is rarePerson to person transmission is rare
17. Laboratory DiagnosisLaboratory Diagnosis
Detection of antigens by immunoDetection of antigens by immuno
histochemistry,histochemistry,
RT – PCR for viral antigen detectionRT – PCR for viral antigen detection
Specific antibodies by recombinantSpecific antibodies by recombinant
proteinsproteins
A four fold rise of IgM antibody titerA four fold rise of IgM antibody titer
between acute and convalescent serum isbetween acute and convalescent serum is
diagnosticdiagnostic
Dr.T.V.Rao MDDr.T.V.Rao MD
18. ManagementManagement
Maintenance of adequateMaintenance of adequate
OO22
Supporting homodynamicSupporting homodynamic
functioningfunctioning
Antiviral drug Ribavirin isAntiviral drug Ribavirin is
some benefitsome benefit
Dr.T.V.Rao MDDr.T.V.Rao MD
19. Control and PreventionControl and Prevention
Rodent controlRodent control
Avoiding control ofAvoiding control of
Rodents and RodentRodents and Rodent
droppingsdroppings
Care must be taken toCare must be taken to
avoid inhaling aerolizedavoid inhaling aerolized
dried excreta whendried excreta when
cleaning Rodent infectedcleaning Rodent infected
structures.structures.
Dr.T.V.Rao MDDr.T.V.Rao MD
20. Created for benefit of HealthCreated for benefit of Health
Care WorkersCare Workers
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EmailEmail
doctortvrao@gmail.comdoctortvrao@gmail.com
