Talk at 2011 Virginia Berry Conference by Hannah Burrack

1. Arthropod identification & management in southeastern small fruits Hannah J. Burrack Dept. of Entomology North Carolina State University

4. The Basics: Integrated Pest Management Minimize Monitor Manage

5. The Basics: Integrated Pest Management Minimize Monitor Manage Crop & variety selection, Site selection, Rotation, planting date, Nutrition, Preventative pesticides, etc. Correctly identify damage and responsible pests, Track injury and pests over time, Use appropriate tools Based on thresholds: Cultural, Biological, Chemical

6. The Basics: Integrated Pest Management Minimize Monitor Manage Crop & variety selection, Site selection, Rotation, planting date, Nutrition, Preventative pesticides, etc. Correctly identify damage and responsible pests , Track injury and pests over time, Use appropriate tools Based on thresholds: Cultural, Biological, Chemical

13. Key Arthropod Pests of Small Fruits: Choose Your Own Adventure

15. Caneberries: Key Pests Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec TSSM ( see Strawberries ) Green June Beetle/Japanese Beetle Thrips (?) Stink Bugs Raspberry Crown Borer Cane Borers Strawberry Clippers Dormant Bloom Fruiting Harvest Dormant

16. Strawberries: Key Pests Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Dormant Bloom & Fruiting Harvest Transplant Cutworms Thrips Sap Beetles Lygus Bugs Corn Earworms Strawberry Clipper Aphids Aphids TSSM TSSM

17. Blueberries: Key Pests Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Dormant Bloom Fruiting Harvest Dormant Fruitworms Fire Ants Thrips Sharpnosed Leafhoppers Blueberry Maggot “ Other” blueberry pests Blueberry Flea Beetle

18. Grapes: Key Pests Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Dormant Bloom Fruiting Harvest Dormant Leafhoppers/PD TSSM Vine borers Grape Berry Moth JB/GJB Multicolored Asian Lady Beetles Climbing Cutworms Grape Flea Beetle Grape root borers Grape Phylloxera Bees & Wasps

19. Invasives: Key Potential Pests Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec Spotted Wing Drosophila Brown Marmorated Stink Bug

20. Spotted Wing Drosophila A threat to soft skinned fruit

22. Spotted Wing Drosophila: Potential Commercial Losses in California http://www.agecon.ucdavis.edu/extension/update/articles/v13n3_2.pdf Economic information and analyses provided by Frank Zalom and Rachel Goodhue, University of California, Davis

26. CLIMAX ecological modeling by Martin Damus, Canadian Food Inspection Agency Known and predicted native range, based on temperature thresholds

27. CLIMAX ecological modeling by Martin Damus, Canadian Food Inspection Agency Potential range, based on temperature thresholds

28. Spotted Wing Drosophila: Males

29. Spotted Wing Drosophila: Males (Some) Native Drosophila spp. Drosophila suzukii

30. Native Drosophila spp. Drosophila suzukii Spotted Wing Drosophila: Females

31. Spotted Wing Drosophila: Females

32. Spotted Wing Drosophila: Monitoring Tools Adult Monitoring Methods Larval Monitoring Methods Apple cider vinegar baited trap Sugar test Yeast & sugar baited trap Salt test Sweep net Floatation test Bug Vac

34. Spotted Wing Drosophila: Monitoring Methods 4-8 holes 3/16 to ¼ inch in diameter Yellow sticky card (optional) Lure (Apple cider vinegar + 1-2 drops dish soap)

35. Spotted Wing Drosophila: Monitoring Methods Placement: SWD prefer shady, cool areas Avoid direct sun Check traps at least weekly!

36. Spotted Wing Drosophila: Checking traps

37. Spotted Wing Drosophila: Checking traps

41. Spotted Wing Drosophila: Larval Sampling

42. Spotted Wing Drosophila: Larval Sampling

43. Spotted Wing Drosophila: Larval Sampling

44. Spotted Wing Drosophila: Larval Sampling

45. Spotted Wing Drosophila: Larval Sampling

56. Strawberries: Spider Mite Management

57. Strawberries: Spider Mite Management

58. Strawberries: Spider Mite Management with thresholds b a

63. Images from Laura Maxey & Doug Pfeiffer, Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic University Caneberries: Stink Bugs

64. Images from Laura Maxey & Doug Pfeiffer, Department of Entomology, Virginia Polytechnic University Caneberries: Stink Bugs Return to Caneberries

70. RNCB Galling Differs By Cane Removal Date for Primocane-bearing Blackberries Source: Johnson and Rom, unpublished data Return to Caneberries Cane removal date No. RNCB galls/plot Yield May 15 3.1a Fruit June 15 1.4b Fruit July 15 0.6c No fruit Prob. F > P < 0.0001

71. Raspberry Crown Borer

72. Raspberry Crown Borer Pupal skin emerges in Sept. - Oct. Eggs on underside of leaves Larva overwinters in cane below soil (WSU photo) Adults mate Laying egg

74. Japanese beetles feed on both foliage and fruit. Injured plants are more attractive. Beetles feed from top of plant down (keep in mind while scouting). Conventional materials provide good control, but can flare other pests (mites). Caneberries: Japanese Beetle

75. Images from Donn Johnson, grapes Caneberries: Japanese Beetle Return to Caneberries