Distribution and Management of Spotted Wing Drosophila in Florida Berry Crops

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A presentation by Dr. Oscar E. Liburd on the management of spotted wing drosophila in Florida strawberry production. This presentation was given to the FL Strawberry Growers Association on Dec 2, 2014. The study was part of the University of Florida strawberry project, funded trough the National Strawberry Sustainability Initiative with a gift from the Walmart Foundation.

Education

Oscar E. Liburd
P ro f esso r o f Fr ui t and Ve g. Ento mo l o gy
Uni ve rsity o f Fl o ri da
Distribution and management of
spotted wing drosophila in
Florida berry crops

SWD Global Impact
North America:
Canada
US > $2 B
Mexico
Central America:
Costa Rica
Asia:
Japan $500 M
China
Thailand
Taiwan
North & South Korea
Pakistan
Russian Far East
Myanmar
India
Europe: > $4 B
Spain
France
Italy
Germany
Austria
Slovenia
Switzerland
Croatia
Belgium
S. America:
Ecuador

First Record of SWD in Florida
• First recorded in 2009 in
in Hillsborough Co.
• > 28 Counties infested
• Economic losses in small
fruits in 2013 was ~35 M

Spotted Wing Drosophila (SWD)
• Family Drosophilidae
• “Vinegar flies”
• “Fruit flies”
• “Pomace flies”
• Male
• Dark spots on wings
• Two bands on forelegs
• Female
• Serrated ovipositor
• No wing spots
Male SWD Female SWD
http://extension.psu.edu/vegetable-fruit/fact-
sheets/spotted-wing-drosophila

SWD Lifecycle
http://jenny.tfrec.wsu.edu/opm/gallery.php?pn
=165
Egg 1-3 days
Larvae 5-7 days
Pupae 4-15 days
Adult 21- 63 days*
Oviposition 1-2 days
Fecundity 200-600 eggs

Monitoring
Correct
Identification
Understanding
Host Ecology &
Biology
Use of
Cultural
techniques
Implementation of
reduced-risk
pesticides
Integrated Pest Management (IPM) for SWD

Surveying for SWD in Strawberries (2014)
 3-5 SWD traps were
placed in strawberry
fields
 Traps were placed either
on the border of fields
or in the center
 Traps were serviced
biweekly
O. Liburd
L. Iglesias

Farms Mean Number of SWD per trap
February 10 February 24 March 10 March 24 Mean
A 0 0 0 0 0
B 1. 7 0 0 0.5 0.6
C 0 0 0 0.5 0.1
D 10 0.7 0 0.8 2.9
E 0 0.3 0 4.4 1.2
F 0 0 0 0 0
G 0 0 0 0 0
H 4.3 0.7 0 2.1 1.8
I 0 0 0 0 0
J 0 0 0 0 0
K 0 6.2 0 3.1 2.3
L 0.3 0 0 0 0.1
M 2.3 0.3 0 0.4 0.8
N 0.3 2.1 0 1.8 1.5
O 0 3.2 0 0.5 0.9
P 1.5 0 0 0.2 0.4
Captures of SWD in strawberry fields in Plant City, FL 2014

Abundance of SWD in Strawberry fields in north-
central Florida (2014)
Bradford County

Effect of Bait Types and Age
Apple cider vinegar versus Yeast sugar water

Baits & pherocon Lures performance
F = 7.67; df = 4, 72, P <0.0001

How specific is the suzukii bait & the lures?
Other drosophilids

Effectiveness and Longevity of Insecticides Residues on
SWD – field-based bioassays
Insecticdes evaluated:
 Radiant® SC (spinetoram)
 Entrust® (spinosad)
 Malathion
 Exirel® (cyantraniliprole)
 Apta™ (tolfenpyrad)
 Pyganic EC 5.0 (pyrethrin)
4 replicates in a RCBD
Plotsize20ftx20ft

Mortality of adult SWD after exposure to strawberry
leaves and fruit 3 d after treatment (2014)
Treatment
Leaf: F = 41.90; P <0.0001
Fruit: F = 89.54; P <0.0001
3h-DAT

IPM-compatible insecticides for SWD control in strawberries
F = 55.92; P <0.0001
Not registered for use in
strawberries
48h DAT

Larval Recovery after Insecticide Treatment

Discussion and Conclusions
• Flies are abundant in > 50% of the strawberry fields
surveyed
• The suzukii bait in Trece traps was equally attractive
to SWD as the yeast-sugar bait
• Entrust, Radiant, Exirel and Malathion were equally
effective in killing flies
• Apta and PyGanic were ineffective in reducing SWD
larvae in fruit

Acknowledgements
UF Fruit & Vegetable IPM Lab
Grad. Students
Lindsy Iglesias
Janine Razze
Chris Crockette
Tamika Garrick
Tola Dosunmu
Post-Docs
Teresia Nyoike
Elena Rhodes

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