The document discusses handover management in wireless and mobile communications, defining handover as the transfer of communication control. It outlines types of handovers, including network-controlled, mobile-assisted, and mobile-controlled handoffs, along with their respective execution times and characteristics. It also distinguishes between hard and soft handovers and various intra-cell and inter-cell handovers.

1. /HASHMAT-KHAN
Wireless & Mobile Communications
Handover Management

2. Handover/Handoff Management
 Introduction
 Handover Decisions
 Types of Handover/Handoff
o Hard & Soft Handovers
o Intra-cell handover
o Inter-cell, intra-BSC handover
o Inter-BSC, intra-MSC handover
o Inter-MSC handover
 References

3. Introduction
Basically, Handover means the giving of control
of or responsibility for to someone else.
Similarly, The process of changing point of
communication while communicating is known
as handover in cellular network.

4. Handover Decisions
There are numerous methods for performing
handoff. From the decision process point of
view, one can find at least three different kinds
of handoff/handover decisions.
Network-Controlled Handoff
Mobile-Assisted Handoff
Mobile-Controlled Handoff
https://www.slideshare.net/AnkitaKhadatkar/handover-in-telecom

5. Network-Controlled Handoff
 Network measures the transmission quality
via base stations and decides when handover
should be executed.
 In general, the handover process takes 100-
200 ms.
 Network-controlled handoff is used in first-
generaion analog systems such as AMPS
(Advanced Mobile Phone System), TACS
(Total Access Communication System), and
NMT (Nordic Mobile Telephone).
https://www.slideshare.net/AnkitaKhadatkar/handover-in-telecom

6. Mobile-Assisted Handoff
In a mobile-assisted handoff process, the MS
makes measurements and the network makes
the decision.
In the circuit-switched GSM (global system
mobile), the BS controller (BSC) is in charge of
some functions including handoff management.
The handoff time between handoff decision and
execution in a GSM is approximatelyy 1 second.
https://www.slideshare.net/AnkitaKhadatkar/handover-in-telecom

7. Mobile-Controlled Handoff
In mobile-controlled handoff, each MS is completely
in control of the handoff process.
This type of handoff has a short reaction time (in the
order of 0.1 second).
A handoff can be initiated if the signal strength of
the serving BS is slower than that of another BS.
https://www.slideshare.net/AnkitaKhadatkar/handover-in-telecom

8. Hard Handover
 It is used in GSM (2G).
 Break before make.
/MPIRICAL

9. Soft Handover
 It is used in 3G.
 Make before break.
/MPIRICAL

10. Intra-cell handover
A new channel is
allocated to the
device due to fre-
quency interference
within the same cell.
/MPIRICAL

11. Inter-cell, intra-BSC handover
The mobile device
move from one cell
to another cell in
same BSC area.
/MPIRICAL

12. Inter-BSC, intra-MSC handover
/MPIRICAL
The mobile station
moves from one cell
of a BSC to another
sell of another BSC
within same MSC
area.

13. Inter-MSC handover
/MPIRICAL
The mobile station
moves from one cell
to another cell in
different MSC area.

14. References
 Website
 https://www.youtube.com/channel/MPIRICAL
 https://www.slideshare.net/AnkitaKhadatkar/handover-
in-telecom
https://www.mpirical.com/

15. Questions ?