Handout 2 ma problem 1
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This document summarizes a manufacturing overhead budget for different production capacity levels: 1) Wages and consumable stores are variable costs that increase proportionally with production volume. 2) Maintenance costs include a fixed cost of Rs. 500 and a variable cost of Rs. 1 per unit of production. 3) Power and fuel costs include a fixed cost of Rs. 1000 and a variable cost of Rs. 1 per unit of production. 4) Depreciation and insurance are fixed costs that do not change with production volume.
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Problem 1 flexible and static budgets
This document discusses flexible and static budgets for manufacturing overheads. It provides the monthly budgeted costs for overheads at 60% and 100% capacity. It then identifies which items are fixed, variable, and semi-variable costs. Maintenance and power/fuel are identified as having both fixed and variable cost components. The document concludes by preparing an overhead budget at 80% capacity level using the high-low method to determine the fixed and variable cost rates.
Handout 2 ma problem 2
This document summarizes the monthly overhead budgets for manufacturing of different concerns at various capacity levels.
It indicates that wages and consumable stores are variable costs, maintenance and power & fuel have both fixed and variable components, and depreciation and insurance are fixed costs.
It then prepares the budget for overhead costs at 80% capacity level, calculating the total costs for maintenance as Rs. 2600 and power & fuel as Rs. 3600, by taking the fixed cost and adding the variable cost component multiplied by the units at 80% capacity level.
Problem 2 flexible and static budgets
This document summarizes the monthly budget for manufacturing overheads of a concern at different capacity levels (60%, 80%, 100%). It indicates which items are fixed, variable, or semi-variable. It then prepares a budget for 80% capacity level. Specifically:
- Wages, consumable stores, and insurance are variable costs. Maintenance and power/fuel have both fixed and variable components. Depreciation is fixed.
- For 80% capacity (1600 units), the budget calculates maintenance costs as the fixed component (Rs. 1000) plus the variable rate (Rs. 1 per unit) multiplied by units. It does the same for power/fuel with a fixed cost of Rs. 2000.
Flexible and static budgets problems
This document contains 8 problems related to preparing flexible budgets at different capacity levels for manufacturing overhead costs, expenses, and production volumes. The problems include identifying fixed, variable, and semi-variable items; and calculating budgets at percentages of maximum capacity ranging from 50% to 100%.
Handout 2 ma problem 4
The document provides cost information for a company's budget at different activity levels (80%, 92%, 100%). It includes fixed costs as well as direct material, direct labor, and various indirect costs. It then asks to prepare a flexible budget at the 92% activity level by taking 92% of variable costs while keeping fixed costs the same.
Problem 9 40
The document presents budgets for sales, production, materials, labor, and overhead for two products - Light Coil and Heavy Coil - produced by a company. The sales budget shows total expected revenue of $7.7 million from sales of 60,000 Light Coils at $65 each and 40,000 Heavy Coils at $95 each. The production budget calculates the number of units that need to be produced for each product based on expected sales and starting/ending finished goods inventory. The materials, labor, and overhead budgets calculate the expected costs for materials, direct labor hours and wages, and overhead expenses including purchase costs, depreciation, shipping, and general manufacturing overhead.
Handout 2 ma problem 6
This document provides cost information at 60% capacity for a company, including variable overhead, indirect labor, indirect materials, semi-variable costs like electricity and repairs, and fixed overhead costs like depreciation, insurance, and salaries. It asks to prepare a flexible budget showing these costs at 50% and 70% capacities.
Exercise 7 30
The document shows calculations for variable cost (V.C.), fixed cost (F.C.), and total cost (TC). It calculates V.C. per unit as the difference between high and low costs divided by the difference between high and low activity. It then calculates F.C. as the high cost minus the product of high activity and V.C. per unit. Finally, it expresses TC as the sum of TFC and TVC, where TVC is the product of activity and V.C. per unit.
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Problem 1 flexible and static budgets
This document discusses flexible and static budgets for manufacturing overheads. It provides the monthly budgeted costs for overheads at 60% and 100% capacity. It then identifies which items are fixed, variable, and semi-variable costs. Maintenance and power/fuel are identified as having both fixed and variable cost components. The document concludes by preparing an overhead budget at 80% capacity level using the high-low method to determine the fixed and variable cost rates.
Handout 2 ma problem 2
This document summarizes the monthly overhead budgets for manufacturing of different concerns at various capacity levels.
It indicates that wages and consumable stores are variable costs, maintenance and power & fuel have both fixed and variable components, and depreciation and insurance are fixed costs.
It then prepares the budget for overhead costs at 80% capacity level, calculating the total costs for maintenance as Rs. 2600 and power & fuel as Rs. 3600, by taking the fixed cost and adding the variable cost component multiplied by the units at 80% capacity level.
Problem 2 flexible and static budgets
This document summarizes the monthly budget for manufacturing overheads of a concern at different capacity levels (60%, 80%, 100%). It indicates which items are fixed, variable, or semi-variable. It then prepares a budget for 80% capacity level. Specifically:
- Wages, consumable stores, and insurance are variable costs. Maintenance and power/fuel have both fixed and variable components. Depreciation is fixed.
- For 80% capacity (1600 units), the budget calculates maintenance costs as the fixed component (Rs. 1000) plus the variable rate (Rs. 1 per unit) multiplied by units. It does the same for power/fuel with a fixed cost of Rs. 2000.
Flexible and static budgets problems
This document contains 8 problems related to preparing flexible budgets at different capacity levels for manufacturing overhead costs, expenses, and production volumes. The problems include identifying fixed, variable, and semi-variable items; and calculating budgets at percentages of maximum capacity ranging from 50% to 100%.
Handout 2 ma problem 4
The document provides cost information for a company's budget at different activity levels (80%, 92%, 100%). It includes fixed costs as well as direct material, direct labor, and various indirect costs. It then asks to prepare a flexible budget at the 92% activity level by taking 92% of variable costs while keeping fixed costs the same.
Problem 9 40
The document presents budgets for sales, production, materials, labor, and overhead for two products - Light Coil and Heavy Coil - produced by a company. The sales budget shows total expected revenue of $7.7 million from sales of 60,000 Light Coils at $65 each and 40,000 Heavy Coils at $95 each. The production budget calculates the number of units that need to be produced for each product based on expected sales and starting/ending finished goods inventory. The materials, labor, and overhead budgets calculate the expected costs for materials, direct labor hours and wages, and overhead expenses including purchase costs, depreciation, shipping, and general manufacturing overhead.
Handout 2 ma problem 6
This document provides cost information at 60% capacity for a company, including variable overhead, indirect labor, indirect materials, semi-variable costs like electricity and repairs, and fixed overhead costs like depreciation, insurance, and salaries. It asks to prepare a flexible budget showing these costs at 50% and 70% capacities.
Exercise 7 30
The document shows calculations for variable cost (V.C.), fixed cost (F.C.), and total cost (TC). It calculates V.C. per unit as the difference between high and low costs divided by the difference between high and low activity. It then calculates F.C. as the high cost minus the product of high activity and V.C. per unit. Finally, it expresses TC as the sum of TFC and TVC, where TVC is the product of activity and V.C. per unit.
Identifying cost behavior classifications
This document classifies 12 costs as either fixed, variable, or mixed based on their behavior in relation to changes in production volume. Rent on a factory building, a computer lease with fixed and variable portions, property taxes on a plant, and the salaries of a plant superintendent and controller are identified as fixed costs. Costs of tires, paint, direct labor, and indirect labor are variable costs that change with production volume. Depreciation on machinery, fire insurance on a plant, and electricity costs for a plant are mixed costs that have characteristics of both fixed and variable classifications.
Summary of cost behavior
This document discusses three types of costs: fixed costs remain the same regardless of production quantity, variable costs change proportionally with production quantity, and mixed costs contain both fixed and variable elements so total cost and per unit cost both change with production.
Solution
1. The document provides calculations for several conditional probabilities relating to events A2, N, and R1 and R2. It finds P(NnA2), P(NUA2), and P(R1n & R2n).
2. It then calculates probabilities relating to events H, F, and U. It finds P(FnH), P(FUH), and P(HWUHY).
3. Finally, it provides probabilities for events H, W, and Y. It calculates P(HW), P(HWnHY), and the conditional probability P(HY/HW).
Handout 2 ma problem 5
This document provides a flexible budget for production of 90,000 units. The summary includes calculations for sales, cost of goods sold, gross profit, operating expenses, operating income, income taxes, and net income based on increasing production from 70,000, 80,000, to 90,000 units. The solution shows the calculations to develop the flexible budget for 90,000 units of production.
Handout 3 ma problem 1
The document outlines a production budget for three products - Tribolte, Polycal, and Powder. It details the units to be produced of each product based on units sold and forecasted ending and starting finished goods. It then shows the material usage and purchase budget for materials A and B. Finally, it calculates the manufacturing budget for each product based on material and labor costs, as well as variable and fixed overhead costs, to determine the total manufacturing cost.
Exercise 9 24 page 380
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This document estimates uncollectible accounts receivable as of December 31, 2001. It provides the accounts receivable balances grouped by aging, the percentages considered uncollectable for each aging category, the resulting estimated uncollectible amounts, and a total estimated uncollectable amount of $27,180. It also shows journal entries to record an increase in the allowance for doubtful accounts of $19,080 and decrease accounts receivable by the same amount.
Problem 9 43
This document presents a sales, production, materials, labor, and overhead budget for two product types (C and P) produced by a company. It shows that total planned sales are 1.1 million with Type C sales of 450,000 and Type P sales of 650,000. Planned production of 495,000 units for each type will require material purchases of 97,000 for paperboard and 25,250 for corrugated medium. Direct labor costs are budgeted at 44,550 with manufacturing overhead at 148,500 and selling/administration at 210,000. Total budgeted cost of goods sold is 320,000 and net income is projected to be 342,000.
Handout 1 exercise 5 10
The document provides an example calculation for variable cost per unit (V.C), fixed cost (F.C), and total cost (TC) based on high and low activity and cost amounts. It calculates V.C as $6 per unit by taking the difference between total variable costs and dividing by the difference in activity levels. It then calculates F.C as the high total cost minus variable costs at the high activity level. Finally, it shows the equation to calculate TC as the sum of total fixed costs (TFC) and total variable costs (TVC).
Problems 3
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2) The standard deviation is 1.772.
3) Using the formula for standard deviation, it sums the squared differences between each arrival frequency and the mean, multiplied by the corresponding probability.
Problem 5 flexible and static budgets
The document presents a flexible budget for production levels of 70,000, 80,000, and 90,000 units. It shows the projected sales, cost of goods sold, gross profit, operating expenses, operating income, income taxes, and net income for each production level. The solution provides the calculations to extend the budget to 90,000 units by determining the amounts for each line item based on the per unit amounts from the original budget figures.
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Problem 11 - 43 flexible budgeting; variances; impact on behavior
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- Analyzing production costs and profitability of different chocolate products using absorption costing, finding one product is unprofitable.
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3. Overhead rates are then calculated for different departments based on the cost allocations to Machining, Assembly and Finishing departments.
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This document classifies 12 costs as either fixed, variable, or mixed based on their behavior in relation to changes in production volume. Rent on a factory building, a computer lease with fixed and variable portions, property taxes on a plant, and the salaries of a plant superintendent and controller are identified as fixed costs. Costs of tires, paint, direct labor, and indirect labor are variable costs that change with production volume. Depreciation on machinery, fire insurance on a plant, and electricity costs for a plant are mixed costs that have characteristics of both fixed and variable classifications.
Summary of cost behavior
This document discusses three types of costs: fixed costs remain the same regardless of production quantity, variable costs change proportionally with production quantity, and mixed costs contain both fixed and variable elements so total cost and per unit cost both change with production.
Solution
1. The document provides calculations for several conditional probabilities relating to events A2, N, and R1 and R2. It finds P(NnA2), P(NUA2), and P(R1n & R2n).
2. It then calculates probabilities relating to events H, F, and U. It finds P(FnH), P(FUH), and P(HWUHY).
3. Finally, it provides probabilities for events H, W, and Y. It calculates P(HW), P(HWnHY), and the conditional probability P(HY/HW).
Handout 2 ma problem 5
This document provides a flexible budget for production of 90,000 units. The summary includes calculations for sales, cost of goods sold, gross profit, operating expenses, operating income, income taxes, and net income based on increasing production from 70,000, 80,000, to 90,000 units. The solution shows the calculations to develop the flexible budget for 90,000 units of production.
Handout 3 ma problem 1
The document outlines a production budget for three products - Tribolte, Polycal, and Powder. It details the units to be produced of each product based on units sold and forecasted ending and starting finished goods. It then shows the material usage and purchase budget for materials A and B. Finally, it calculates the manufacturing budget for each product based on material and labor costs, as well as variable and fixed overhead costs, to determine the total manufacturing cost.
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This document estimates uncollectible accounts receivable as of December 31, 2001. It provides the accounts receivable balances grouped by aging, the percentages considered uncollectable for each aging category, the resulting estimated uncollectible amounts, and a total estimated uncollectable amount of $27,180. It also shows journal entries to record an increase in the allowance for doubtful accounts of $19,080 and decrease accounts receivable by the same amount.
Problem 9 43
This document presents a sales, production, materials, labor, and overhead budget for two product types (C and P) produced by a company. It shows that total planned sales are 1.1 million with Type C sales of 450,000 and Type P sales of 650,000. Planned production of 495,000 units for each type will require material purchases of 97,000 for paperboard and 25,250 for corrugated medium. Direct labor costs are budgeted at 44,550 with manufacturing overhead at 148,500 and selling/administration at 210,000. Total budgeted cost of goods sold is 320,000 and net income is projected to be 342,000.
Handout 1 exercise 5 10
The document provides an example calculation for variable cost per unit (V.C), fixed cost (F.C), and total cost (TC) based on high and low activity and cost amounts. It calculates V.C as $6 per unit by taking the difference between total variable costs and dividing by the difference in activity levels. It then calculates F.C as the high total cost minus variable costs at the high activity level. Finally, it shows the equation to calculate TC as the sum of total fixed costs (TFC) and total variable costs (TVC).
Problems 3
The document analyzes arrival data recorded over 200 minutes at a bank. It calculates:
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2) The standard deviation is 1.772.
3) Using the formula for standard deviation, it sums the squared differences between each arrival frequency and the mean, multiplied by the corresponding probability.
Problem 5 flexible and static budgets
The document presents a flexible budget for production levels of 70,000, 80,000, and 90,000 units. It shows the projected sales, cost of goods sold, gross profit, operating expenses, operating income, income taxes, and net income for each production level. The solution provides the calculations to extend the budget to 90,000 units by determining the amounts for each line item based on the per unit amounts from the original budget figures.
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1 hrly gs ch 01 solar system part 1
The document provides information about the solar system, including its definition, composition, formation via the Big Bang theory, and details about the Sun and eight planets. It describes that the solar system formed nearly 5 billion years ago from a massive explosion called the Big Bang. It is comprised of the Sun, eight planets, dwarf planets, moons, and other celestial bodies that orbit the Sun. Each planet is then defined with key details about its composition, rotation, revolution, and notable features.
Final gs ch p the energy crisis in pakistan
Pakistan is facing a severe energy crisis with electricity outages of 18 hours per day. The crisis is affecting the country's economy and is expected to worsen with shortages of 1000-2000 MW currently and over 3000 MW projected next year. In addition, Pakistan is facing shortages of 80 million tons of oil and 27 million tons of natural gas annually. The key causes of the crisis include fluctuating international oil prices, inefficient distribution systems with 15-20% energy losses, and a lack of implementation following seminars and conferences. Recommendations include paying off debts, investing in distribution infrastructure to reduce losses, converting inefficient gas plants, and developing solar and coal energy resources.
Final gs ch p telepathy madiha ashraf
Telepathy is defined as the direct transfer of thoughts from one person to another without using the usual sensory channels of communication. It is considered a form of extrasensory perception. There are different types of telepathy including latent, precognitive, emotional, and super-conscious telepathy. Some signs that a person may have a physical ability for telepathy include knowing who is calling before answering the phone or getting feelings about events that later come true. While telepathy can be developed through techniques, it may not work immediately and has limitations like only being able to focus on one target at a time or being overwhelmed by too many thoughts.
Final gs ch p smoking
The document outlines the steps of an anti-smoking campaign on a college campus. It will initially post pictures around campus of students smoking with the campaign's symbol and tagline. It will then display environmental and health hazard messages alongside the symbol and tagline. Going forward, it will distribute caps with the symbol and tagline printed on them. It will also hold an interactive event to distribute flyers and caps while building a relationship with students. The campaign will designate smoking areas and apply fines for non-compliance while also analyzing the results of these efforts.
Final gs ch p negative effects of technology on human's wildlife
Technology has both positive and negative effects on human lives and wildlife. Some key negative impacts include depleting natural resources through overharvesting, pollution from emissions and waste, and contributing to species extinction. Technology can also promote unhealthy lifestyles by reducing outdoor activities and exercise. Children in particular are negatively impacted by excessive screen time which can lead to issues like obesity, addiction, loneliness and depression. The proliferation of technology is also damaging to wildlife through radiation from devices and infrastructure like cell towers, as well as threats from wind turbines.
Final gs ch p dreams
The document discusses various theories and perspectives on dreams throughout history. It provides details on:
1) Ancient Egyptian theories that dreams were messages from gods and priests would interpret dreams for guidance. Greeks also believed dreams carried divine messages.
2) Sigmund Freud's theory that dreams reflect deepest desires from childhood. Carl Jung disagreed and believed dreams fulfill unconscious wishes.
3) Common dream symbols and their potential meanings such as the sun indicating important people, rain indicating blessings, and trees representing leaders.
4) Types of dreams according to Islamic tradition - true dreams, thoughts during the day, and dreams from Satan. Dreams can have positive or negative meanings.
Final gs ch p digestion
Digestion is a multi-step process where food is broken down from large insoluble molecules to smaller soluble molecules that can be absorbed into the bloodstream. The main steps are ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation, and egestion. There are two types of digestion: extracellular digestion which occurs outside cells and intracellular digestion which occurs inside cells. The alimentary canal aids in digestion, consisting of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine (made up of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum), and large intestine (made up of the caecum, colon and rectum).
Final gs ch 11 light pollution
This document discusses light pollution, defining it as the alteration of natural light levels due to artificial light sources. It is most severe in densely populated, industrialized areas of North America, Europe, Japan, and major Middle Eastern and North African cities. Light pollution comes from various exterior and interior lighting sources and has negative effects on the natural environment, humans, and animals. It disrupts ecosystems, increases greenhouse gases, and harms wildlife navigation, behaviors, and food sources. The document recommends reducing light pollution by using dimmer, targeted lighting and motion sensors to turn off unnecessary fixtures.
Final gs ch 10 noise pollution
Noise pollution is unwanted sound that disrupts human and animal life. It can damage hearing at 85 dB or above and cause health issues like heart problems, stress, and sleep disturbances in humans. Major sources include transportation, industrial machines, construction equipment, and loud music. Noise pollution interferes with animal communication, navigation, and reproduction and can cause permanent hearing loss. It also indirectly impacts plants by altering animal behaviors that help disperse seeds and pollinate.
Final gs ch 09 photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen using energy from sunlight. It requires the ingredients of water, carbon dioxide, light, and chlorophyll. Water is transported through the plant from the roots to the leaves, while carbon dioxide enters through pores in the leaves. Chlorophyll in the chloroplasts captures light energy to drive the reaction that produces glucose and oxygen. At night, plants respire like animals by absorbing oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide. Some plants are carnivorous and obtain nutrients by trapping and digesting animal prey using various trap types like pitfall, snap, flypaper, and suction traps.
2hrly gs ch p wind energy
Wind energy is generated by converting the kinetic energy of moving air into electrical energy using wind turbines. There are two main types of wind turbines - horizontal axis turbines with three blades rotating parallel to the ground, and vertical axis turbines with blades attached perpendicular to the ground. The size of wind turbines can vary from small residential turbines generating under 30 kW to large utility-scale turbines generating up to 5 MW. Choosing a wind turbine for residential use involves assessing energy needs, determining optimal location based on wind resources, and selecting a turbine matched to average wind speeds in the area.
2hrly gs ch p supernatural belief vs science perspective
This document discusses perspectives on beliefs in the supernatural from different cultures and time periods. It provides statistics on beliefs in God, heaven, hell, ghosts, and psychic healing among others from a survey in an unnamed country. The document also discusses a study conducted in South Africa on explanations for illness and finds that while biological explanations are agreed with, supernatural explanations are also commonly supported, especially among adults. It briefly mentions Aokigahara Forest in Japan, known as a suicide forest where many bodies have been found.
2 hrly gs ch p psychological issues and youth amber alitaf shaikh
Psychological Issues and Youth discusses common psychological disorders seen in teenagers. It covers issues like alcohol/drug abuse, anxiety, depression, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, eating disorders like anorexia and bulimia, conduct disorder, Tourette's syndrome, sexual abuse, and suicide. The document provides information on symptoms, warning signs, and risk factors for each disorder. It aims to educate about normal psychological development versus psychological problems in youth.
2hrly gs ch p personality
This document discusses personality and how it is determined by both hereditary and environmental factors. Personality is described as the dynamic organization of psychophysical systems that determine a person's unique adjustment to their environment. Personality traits can help with employee selection, career development, and matching people to jobs. Two approaches to measuring personality are described: the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and the Big Five personality traits. Various methods are also listed for measuring personality through self-reports, observer ratings, and projective tests.
2hrly gs ch p perception
Perception is the process by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impressions to give meaning to their environment. It involves selecting and organizing stimuli through the senses. An individual's perception is influenced by their characteristics, attitudes, personality, needs, and expectations. As a result, different people can perceive the same stimuli differently. Perception is also shaped by factors in the perceiver, the object or target being perceived, and the context of the situation. How we judge others is explained by attribution theory, which looks at whether we attribute behaviors internally or externally based on factors like distinctiveness, consensus, and consistency.
2hrly gs ch p facts about human skeleton
The human skeleton has several functions including providing structure, producing blood cells, storing minerals, and protecting organs. Babies have around 350 bones that fuse together into 206 bones for adults. The spine anchors all other bones and is made of 33 vertebrae. There are different bone types including long, short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid. Joints connect two or more bones and can be categorized by connection type and mobility, including little mobility, slight movement, and freely movable joints.
2hrly gs ch p bermuda triangle
The Bermuda Triangle is an area in the western part of the North Atlantic Ocean where a number of aircraft and ships are said to have disappeared under mysterious circumstances. It is bounded by points in Bermuda, Florida and Puerto Rico and covers about 500,000 square miles. While some ships and planes have disappeared in the area leaving little evidence, skeptics believe the number of incidents is relatively low when considering the high volume of traffic and that occurrences can be explained by violent weather or human error.
2 hrly gs ch 07 food & nutrition
Nutrition involves obtaining energy and nutrients from food for growth, maintenance, and repair of tissues. There are two main groups of nutrients - macronutrients which provide energy and are needed in large amounts (carbohydrates, fats, proteins, water) and micronutrients which are needed in small amounts and help release energy from macronutrients (vitamins, minerals). Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins provide calories and have both benefits and risks if consumed in excess or deficiency. Vitamins and minerals are also essential to health.
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Final gs ch p negative effects of technology on human's wildlife
Final gs ch p negative effects of technology on human's wildlife
2hrly gs ch p supernatural belief vs science perspective
2hrly gs ch p supernatural belief vs science perspective
2 hrly gs ch p psychological issues and youth amber alitaf shaikh
2 hrly gs ch p psychological issues and youth amber alitaf shaikh
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when will pi network coin be available on crypto exchange.
There is no set date for when Pi coins will enter the market.
However, the developers are working hard to get them released as soon as possible.
Once they are available, users will be able to exchange other cryptocurrencies for Pi coins on designated exchanges.
But for now the only way to sell your pi coins is through verified pi vendor.
Here is the what'sapp contact of my personal pi vendor
+12349014282
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how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)
Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
Pi has not yet been launched on any exchange because we are currently using the confined Mainnet. The planned launch date for Pi is June 28, 2026.
Reselling to investors who want to hold until the mainnet launch in 2026 is currently the sole way to sell.
Consequently, right now. All you need to do is select the right pi network provider.
Who is a pi merchant?
An individual who buys coins from miners on the pi network and resells them to investors hoping to hang onto them until the mainnet is launched is known as a pi merchant.
debuts.
I'll provide you the what'sapp number.
+12349014282
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Seminar: Gender Board Diversity through Ownership Networks
Seminar on gender diversity spillovers through ownership networks at FAME|GRAPE. Presenting novel research. Studies in economics and management using econometrics methods.
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Handout 2 ma problem 1
- 1. Handout 2 MA Problem 1 Flexible and static budgets Problem 1: The monthly budgets for manufacturing overheads of concerns are as follows. Capacity budgeted production (units) 60% 100% 600 1000 Rs. Rs. Wages 1200 2000 Consumable stores 900 1500 Maintenance 1100 1500 Power and Fuel 1600 2000 Depreciation 4000 4000 Insurance 1000 1000 Required: I. Indicate which of items are fixed, variable and semi variable. II. Prepare a budget for 80% capacity level. Solution: Capacity output (units) 60% 100% V.C F.C M.C 80% 600 1000 800 Rs. Rs. Rs. Wages 1200 2000 2 1600 Consumable stores 900 1500 1.5 1200 Maintenance 1100 1500 1 500 1300 Power and Fuel 1600 2000 1 1000 1800 Depreciation 4000 4000 4000 4000 Insurance 1000 1000 1000 1000 10,900/= High and low cost method Maintenance V.C = High cost – Low cost High activity – Low activity V.C = 1500 – 1100 1000 – 600 V.C = 1 per Unit ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. F.C = High cost - ( high activity X V.C per unit) F.C = 1500 - (1000 X 1) F.C = 500 Power and Fuel V.C = High cost – Low cost
- 2. High activity – Low activity V.C = 2000 – 1600 1000 – 600 V.C = 1 per Unit ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. F.C = High cost - ( high activity X V.C per unit) F.C = 2000 - (1000 X 1) F.C = 1000 For 80% Maintenance T.C = F.C + V.C T.V = 500 + ( 1 X 800 ) T.V = 1300 Power and Fuel T.C = F.C + V.C T.V = 1000 + ( 1 X 800 ) T.V = 1800