Initially, paper was made out of fibres from mulberry bark,papyrus, straw or cotton. Wood only emerged as the chief raw material for paper mass production as recently as the mid 19th century.
The printed page is immediate, its message cutting across cultures; a tactile experience that demands attention and creates desire. It is a passport to knowledge, a storage medium, a persuasive tool and an entertaining art form.
Paper is a sustainable resource and a permanent document.
The document discusses handmade papermaking in India as a more sustainable alternative to traditional paper production methods. It notes that handmade papermaking uses waste materials from textile industries and recycled fibers. This makes it more environmentally friendly than industrial paper production, which depletes forests. Handmade papermaking also produces less wastewater. The industry grew significantly from the 1950s-1990s and provides important employment. However, it still only accounts for a small portion of India's total paper production. The document advocates expanding handmade papermaking as a way to promote sustainable development.
Local waste can sustain local industries by providing raw materials for paper processing mills. Small paper mills can cater to local needs by recycling local waste like newspapers, magazines, and notebooks into paper products like tissue paper. They have lower transportation costs since raw materials are sourced locally and finished goods are sold locally. Setting up small paper mills is a viable solution to generate profits and jobs while sustainably managing local waste.
This document summarizes the specifications of a mini paper plant that converts waste into paper products. The plant can produce tissue paper, towel paper, and napkins with a basis weight between 13 to 30 g/m2 and a trim width of 600mm or 787mm. It has a production capacity of 0.5 to 1 ton and can operate at speeds between 10 to 30 meters per minute. The total cost of investment for a plant that converts waste paper into finished tissue paper through the entire production process is USD 43,500.
Pulp and Paper Industry (Pulp Mill, Paper Mill, Printing and Writing Papers, ...Ajjay Kumar Gupta
Pulp and paper are manufactured from raw materials containing cellulose fibers, generally wood, recycled paper, and agricultural residues. In developing countries, about 60% of cellulose fibers originate from non wood raw materials such as bagasse, cereal straw, bamboo, reeds, esparto grass, jute, flax, and sisal. The main steps in pulp and paper manufacturing are: Raw material preparation and handling, Pulp manufacturing, Pulp Washing and Screening, Chemical recovery, Bleaching, Stock Preparation, and Papermaking.
See more
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https://goo.gl/jByd5s
https://goo.gl/4KnBEM
Contact us
Niir Project Consultancy Services
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Fax: +91-11-23841561
Website : www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Tags
Pulp and Paper Industry, Pulp Mill, Paper Mill, Printing and Writing Papers, Corrugating Medium Paper, Newspapers Hardboards, Pulp and paper processing industry, Pulp and paper making business, Investment Opportunity for Pulp & Paper, Paper Manufacturing Plant, Pulp from Bamboo, Profitable pulp and paper business, Pulp and paper production, Manufacture of corrugating medium paper, Feasibility of recycled newspapers hardboards, Paper mill in India, Best small and cottage scale industries, Book of Pulp and Paper, Paper Board and Paper-based Technology, Book on Pulping and Papermaking, Business guidance for Pulp and paper industry, Business guidance to clients, Business Plan for a Startup Business, Business start-up, Drying of Paper, Great Opportunity for Startup, Hard-Board manufacturing, How to Start a Pulp and paper industry?, How to Start a Pulp and paper Production Business, How to start a successful Pulp and paper business, How to Start Pulp and paper Processing Industry in India, How to Start-Up a paper converting Business, Industry of pulp and paper, Kraft Paper manufacturing, Kraft Paper production, Kraft Process in the paper and pulp industry, Manufacture of pulp and paper, Modern small and cottage scale industries, Most Profitable Pulp and paper Processing Business Ideas, New small scale ideas in Pulp and paper processing industry, Paper and pulp industries, Paper and Pulp Production Technology book, Paper Making Small Business Manufacturing, Paper Production, Paper production line, Paper Production: The Kraft Process in the paper and pulp industry, Paper, Pulp and Paper Conversion, Papermaking Science and Technology book, Production of Kraft Paper, Production of Soda Semi-Chemical Pulp, Profitable small and cottage scale industries, Profitable Small Scale Pulp and paper manufacturing, Project for startups, Pulp and paper Based Profitable Projects, Pulp and paper Based Small Scale Industries Projects, Pulp and Paper Chemistry and Technology
JAY KHODIYAR MACHINE TOOLS is the best leading manufacturer & supplier of Biomass Briquetting Plant in Rajkot, Gujarat. Our firm is recognized and ongoing their business in 1994 from small foundation. We provide best solution to the clients for efficient fuel requirements and also assemble Biomass Briquettes with extreme precision at our Biomass Briquetting Plant.
The pulp and paper industry uses wood as a raw material to produce products like pulp, paper, board and other cellulose products. It is one of the most polluting industrial sectors. The top paper producing countries are China, US, Japan, Germany and Canada. India's paper production has grown significantly over the past decades but still only accounts for about 2.6% of global production. Major Indian paper companies include ITC PSPD, Ballarpur Industries Limited and JK Paper Limited.
Biomass briquetting press machines are able to grind any type of agricultural or forestry waste and convert them into useful biomass briquettes. This machines have high production capacity depends upon raw material size and quality and required less electricity to produce bio fuels.
Biomass Briquetting Press Machine Produce Energy Efficient FuelDeepi Makwana
Radhe Industrial Corporation manufactures biomass briquetting machinery in India to convert agricultural and green waste into useful biomass briquettes. This process recycles biomass into an efficient fuel source through briquetting presses. It helps balance the environment by reducing waste and producing renewable energy from materials like leaves, shells, and stalks. Their high quality briquette plants and affordable prices have helped them gain customer trust. The biomass briquettes have various industrial uses and generating heat, supporting green and eco-friendly energy solutions.
The document discusses handmade papermaking in India as a more sustainable alternative to traditional paper production methods. It notes that handmade papermaking uses waste materials from textile industries and recycled fibers. This makes it more environmentally friendly than industrial paper production, which depletes forests. Handmade papermaking also produces less wastewater. The industry grew significantly from the 1950s-1990s and provides important employment. However, it still only accounts for a small portion of India's total paper production. The document advocates expanding handmade papermaking as a way to promote sustainable development.
Local waste can sustain local industries by providing raw materials for paper processing mills. Small paper mills can cater to local needs by recycling local waste like newspapers, magazines, and notebooks into paper products like tissue paper. They have lower transportation costs since raw materials are sourced locally and finished goods are sold locally. Setting up small paper mills is a viable solution to generate profits and jobs while sustainably managing local waste.
This document summarizes the specifications of a mini paper plant that converts waste into paper products. The plant can produce tissue paper, towel paper, and napkins with a basis weight between 13 to 30 g/m2 and a trim width of 600mm or 787mm. It has a production capacity of 0.5 to 1 ton and can operate at speeds between 10 to 30 meters per minute. The total cost of investment for a plant that converts waste paper into finished tissue paper through the entire production process is USD 43,500.
Pulp and Paper Industry (Pulp Mill, Paper Mill, Printing and Writing Papers, ...Ajjay Kumar Gupta
Pulp and paper are manufactured from raw materials containing cellulose fibers, generally wood, recycled paper, and agricultural residues. In developing countries, about 60% of cellulose fibers originate from non wood raw materials such as bagasse, cereal straw, bamboo, reeds, esparto grass, jute, flax, and sisal. The main steps in pulp and paper manufacturing are: Raw material preparation and handling, Pulp manufacturing, Pulp Washing and Screening, Chemical recovery, Bleaching, Stock Preparation, and Papermaking.
See more
https://goo.gl/MqZ7s4
https://goo.gl/jByd5s
https://goo.gl/4KnBEM
Contact us
Niir Project Consultancy Services
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Fax: +91-11-23841561
Website : www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Tags
Pulp and Paper Industry, Pulp Mill, Paper Mill, Printing and Writing Papers, Corrugating Medium Paper, Newspapers Hardboards, Pulp and paper processing industry, Pulp and paper making business, Investment Opportunity for Pulp & Paper, Paper Manufacturing Plant, Pulp from Bamboo, Profitable pulp and paper business, Pulp and paper production, Manufacture of corrugating medium paper, Feasibility of recycled newspapers hardboards, Paper mill in India, Best small and cottage scale industries, Book of Pulp and Paper, Paper Board and Paper-based Technology, Book on Pulping and Papermaking, Business guidance for Pulp and paper industry, Business guidance to clients, Business Plan for a Startup Business, Business start-up, Drying of Paper, Great Opportunity for Startup, Hard-Board manufacturing, How to Start a Pulp and paper industry?, How to Start a Pulp and paper Production Business, How to start a successful Pulp and paper business, How to Start Pulp and paper Processing Industry in India, How to Start-Up a paper converting Business, Industry of pulp and paper, Kraft Paper manufacturing, Kraft Paper production, Kraft Process in the paper and pulp industry, Manufacture of pulp and paper, Modern small and cottage scale industries, Most Profitable Pulp and paper Processing Business Ideas, New small scale ideas in Pulp and paper processing industry, Paper and pulp industries, Paper and Pulp Production Technology book, Paper Making Small Business Manufacturing, Paper Production, Paper production line, Paper Production: The Kraft Process in the paper and pulp industry, Paper, Pulp and Paper Conversion, Papermaking Science and Technology book, Production of Kraft Paper, Production of Soda Semi-Chemical Pulp, Profitable small and cottage scale industries, Profitable Small Scale Pulp and paper manufacturing, Project for startups, Pulp and paper Based Profitable Projects, Pulp and paper Based Small Scale Industries Projects, Pulp and Paper Chemistry and Technology
JAY KHODIYAR MACHINE TOOLS is the best leading manufacturer & supplier of Biomass Briquetting Plant in Rajkot, Gujarat. Our firm is recognized and ongoing their business in 1994 from small foundation. We provide best solution to the clients for efficient fuel requirements and also assemble Biomass Briquettes with extreme precision at our Biomass Briquetting Plant.
The pulp and paper industry uses wood as a raw material to produce products like pulp, paper, board and other cellulose products. It is one of the most polluting industrial sectors. The top paper producing countries are China, US, Japan, Germany and Canada. India's paper production has grown significantly over the past decades but still only accounts for about 2.6% of global production. Major Indian paper companies include ITC PSPD, Ballarpur Industries Limited and JK Paper Limited.
Biomass briquetting press machines are able to grind any type of agricultural or forestry waste and convert them into useful biomass briquettes. This machines have high production capacity depends upon raw material size and quality and required less electricity to produce bio fuels.
Biomass Briquetting Press Machine Produce Energy Efficient FuelDeepi Makwana
Radhe Industrial Corporation manufactures biomass briquetting machinery in India to convert agricultural and green waste into useful biomass briquettes. This process recycles biomass into an efficient fuel source through briquetting presses. It helps balance the environment by reducing waste and producing renewable energy from materials like leaves, shells, and stalks. Their high quality briquette plants and affordable prices have helped them gain customer trust. The biomass briquettes have various industrial uses and generating heat, supporting green and eco-friendly energy solutions.
A TEXT BOOK : Complete and comprehensive inputs in Learning about Biogas and Biogas digestors:We have tried to take the mystery away from biogas.
Biogas is a renewable energy source with many different production pathways and various excellent opportunities to use.
One main advantage of biogas is the waste reduction potential. Biogas production by anaerobic digestion is popular for treating biodegradable waste because valuable fuel can be produced while destroying disease-causing pathogens and reducing the volume of disposed waste products.
Biogas burns more cleanly than coal, and emits less carbon dioxide per unit of energy. The carbon in biogas was recently extracted from the atmosphere by photosynthetic plants. Releasing it back into the atmosphere adds less total atmospheric carbon than burning fossil fuels.
Thus, biogas production kills two birds with one stone: it reduces waste and produces energy. In addition, the residues from the digestation process can be used as high quality fertilizer. This closes the nutrient cycle.
[1] Handmade paper has a long history dating back thousands of years to ancient Egypt where papyrus was commonly used, and parchment and vellum made from animal skins were also used. [2] With the printing press, wood pulp became a popular paper material in the 18th century and is commonly used today along with other materials like cotton and abaca in artistic papermaking. [3] The instructions describe the basic materials and process for making handmade paper which involves preparing pulp from shredded paper, blending it with water in a vat, using a mold and deckle to form and remove sheets, then couching and drying the paper.
Paper was invented in China in 105 AD by Ts'ai Lun. It spread slowly from China through central Asia and Persia over centuries. The process involves macerating fibrous materials like rags, straw or wood into a pulp which is formed into sheets. Modern papermaking was revolutionized by the invention of the paper machine in the late 1700s. Artists now use paper as a versatile medium that can be molded, layered, painted and transformed in various textures and forms.
Join us for an unforgettable day with international champions & figures from sports & the arts- COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT & WELLNESS THROUGH SPORTS AND THE ARTS
Este documento presenta la información general requerida para completar una ficha ambiental de un proyecto farmacéutico. Describe la empresa Grünenthal y su enfoque en el desarrollo de medicamentos para el dolor. Además, detalla los procesos y productos farmacéuticos que se fabricarían, incluyendo tabletas, cápsulas, cremas y soluciones. Finalmente, resalta que la empresa implementará un sistema de gestión de calidad para garantizar el cumplimiento de los requisitos durante la fabricación.
Prezentare LV7 Necc Telecom - Cluj Business DayCostel Kevin
http://cbozomala.lv7.us/ ---- Toate detaliile despre LV7 si Necc Telecom. Prezentare generala LV7 Business Day Cluj, unde a avut loc ultima conferinta LV7 si Necc Telecom!
De wereld is veranderd. Evenals de woningmarkt. Dat zorgt voor aanpassingen binnen een organisatie als Bouwfonds. Niet alleen voor de sales, maar voor het hele proces. Elk schakeltje kan daarin een eigen bijdrage leveren. Maar het belangrijkste is de klant. Luisteren, reageren en wat doen met de feedback.
Het begin is content: persoonlijk, open en altijd relevant. Deze intern gegeven presentatie geeft voor veel mensen een concrete invulling in wat termen Klant Centraal of Social Media inhoudt. Met tips, trics en tools. Zodat elke schakel weet wat hij of zij kan bijdragen.
La Laguna Azul es un pequeño lago en un cráter volcánico en la provincia de Santa Cruz, Argentina. A pesar de ser un paisaje atractivo para turistas, su estado de conservación y protección legal no están claramente definidos debido a conflictos pasados sobre su propiedad. Investigadores alemanes ahora están estudiando los sedimentos de la laguna para reconstruir el paleoambiente y paleoclima de la región.
fast multi-column sorting in main-memory column-storesWenjian Xu
This document proposes techniques to optimize multi-column sorting in column-oriented databases. The state-of-the-art approach sorts each column individually, but this is inefficient for queries that sort on multiple columns. The proposed techniques manipulate bits across columns to improve parallelism, such as "bit borrowing" where bits are borrowed from one column to another. Experiments show the techniques provide up to 5.5x speedup over the state-of-the-art approach for analytic queries on real and benchmark datasets.
The document provides details for the Kraft'ivity 2015 event to be held at the White Oaks Conference Resort & Spa from May 12-15, 2015. The event is a sales meeting for Kraft Canada's 220 member sales team to learn about new products. Key contacts and room blocks for the 250 attendees are listed. Pre-event and post-event meetings will take place at the resort on May 8th and 16th respectively.
Cuando fue descubierto, Plutón fue identificado como el noveno planeta del Sistema Solar.
El hallazgo sucedió después de una intensa búsqueda tras lo que Percival Lowell llamó el “Planeta X”. Se creía que el supuesto planeta X desviaba de sus trayectorias a los planetas más recientemente descubiertos: Urano y Neptuno.
Understanding Paper sizes and the terminology used in the industry.
The size difference between Raw paper sizes and cut paper sizes.
The terms used worldwide for paper sizes.
How printers and manufacturers define sizes in the language
a1, a2, a3, a4, ansi, architectural paper, book binding, booklets, brochres, paper, paper mill, paper sizes, paper trade, printing, recycling paper, understanding paper terminology
Este documento presenta información sobre seis volcanes activos en Ecuador: el Cotopaxi, el Chimborazo, los Illinizas, el Cayambe, el Tungurahua. Cada sección proporciona detalles sobre la ubicación, datos fisiográficos y la última actividad volcánica de cada volcán.
Fabricación de mobiliario infantil y juvenil.
3 generaciones avalan la experiencia de esta empresa que se dedica a la fabricación de mueble infantil y juvenil.
Para construir una relación de transparencia y confianza con nuestros clientes, y prestarles un servicio de calidad y eficiencia, Colección Rosabel trabaja con un grupo de proveedores que ofrecen unas excelentes condiciones de calidad y seguridad, como son:
HETTICH, HäFELE, GRAU, REI, WURTH.
Colección Rosabel tiene muy en cuenta el respeto al medio ambiente y en su beneficio, toda la materia prima con la que se trabaja, proviene de un sistema de producción de madera y de procesos ecológicos.
Para satisfacer a nuestros clientes, contamos con ofrecer un buen diseño, una buena política de precios y calidad.
Esta calidad viene demostrada con el Documento de Calificación Artesana concedido por la Generalitat Valenciana y el certificado de Símbolo Calidad Controlada, concedida por AIDIMA.
El documento lista varias actividades turísticas y de ocio que se pueden realizar en el Valle del Jerte, como rutas a caballo, en 4x4, senderismo o culturales guiadas, paintball, circuitos por los árboles, descenso de barrancos y escalada. Proporciona los contactos de varias empresas que ofrecen dichas actividades.
This document presents a comparative study of the physico-chemical properties of effluents from small and large-scale pulp and paper mills in India. Samples were collected from different processing units and seasons from one small-scale agro-based mill (Mill A) and one large-scale wood-based mill (Mill B). The samples were analyzed for parameters like pH, color, BOD, COD, TDS, etc. The results showed that the effluents varied significantly between the different units and mills. Overall, Mill A was found to have more polluted effluents compared to Mill B, likely due to differences in raw materials and processing. The effluents generally did not meet regulatory standards for discharge
A TEXT BOOK : Complete and comprehensive inputs in Learning about Biogas and Biogas digestors:We have tried to take the mystery away from biogas.
Biogas is a renewable energy source with many different production pathways and various excellent opportunities to use.
One main advantage of biogas is the waste reduction potential. Biogas production by anaerobic digestion is popular for treating biodegradable waste because valuable fuel can be produced while destroying disease-causing pathogens and reducing the volume of disposed waste products.
Biogas burns more cleanly than coal, and emits less carbon dioxide per unit of energy. The carbon in biogas was recently extracted from the atmosphere by photosynthetic plants. Releasing it back into the atmosphere adds less total atmospheric carbon than burning fossil fuels.
Thus, biogas production kills two birds with one stone: it reduces waste and produces energy. In addition, the residues from the digestation process can be used as high quality fertilizer. This closes the nutrient cycle.
[1] Handmade paper has a long history dating back thousands of years to ancient Egypt where papyrus was commonly used, and parchment and vellum made from animal skins were also used. [2] With the printing press, wood pulp became a popular paper material in the 18th century and is commonly used today along with other materials like cotton and abaca in artistic papermaking. [3] The instructions describe the basic materials and process for making handmade paper which involves preparing pulp from shredded paper, blending it with water in a vat, using a mold and deckle to form and remove sheets, then couching and drying the paper.
Paper was invented in China in 105 AD by Ts'ai Lun. It spread slowly from China through central Asia and Persia over centuries. The process involves macerating fibrous materials like rags, straw or wood into a pulp which is formed into sheets. Modern papermaking was revolutionized by the invention of the paper machine in the late 1700s. Artists now use paper as a versatile medium that can be molded, layered, painted and transformed in various textures and forms.
Join us for an unforgettable day with international champions & figures from sports & the arts- COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT & WELLNESS THROUGH SPORTS AND THE ARTS
Este documento presenta la información general requerida para completar una ficha ambiental de un proyecto farmacéutico. Describe la empresa Grünenthal y su enfoque en el desarrollo de medicamentos para el dolor. Además, detalla los procesos y productos farmacéuticos que se fabricarían, incluyendo tabletas, cápsulas, cremas y soluciones. Finalmente, resalta que la empresa implementará un sistema de gestión de calidad para garantizar el cumplimiento de los requisitos durante la fabricación.
Prezentare LV7 Necc Telecom - Cluj Business DayCostel Kevin
http://cbozomala.lv7.us/ ---- Toate detaliile despre LV7 si Necc Telecom. Prezentare generala LV7 Business Day Cluj, unde a avut loc ultima conferinta LV7 si Necc Telecom!
De wereld is veranderd. Evenals de woningmarkt. Dat zorgt voor aanpassingen binnen een organisatie als Bouwfonds. Niet alleen voor de sales, maar voor het hele proces. Elk schakeltje kan daarin een eigen bijdrage leveren. Maar het belangrijkste is de klant. Luisteren, reageren en wat doen met de feedback.
Het begin is content: persoonlijk, open en altijd relevant. Deze intern gegeven presentatie geeft voor veel mensen een concrete invulling in wat termen Klant Centraal of Social Media inhoudt. Met tips, trics en tools. Zodat elke schakel weet wat hij of zij kan bijdragen.
La Laguna Azul es un pequeño lago en un cráter volcánico en la provincia de Santa Cruz, Argentina. A pesar de ser un paisaje atractivo para turistas, su estado de conservación y protección legal no están claramente definidos debido a conflictos pasados sobre su propiedad. Investigadores alemanes ahora están estudiando los sedimentos de la laguna para reconstruir el paleoambiente y paleoclima de la región.
fast multi-column sorting in main-memory column-storesWenjian Xu
This document proposes techniques to optimize multi-column sorting in column-oriented databases. The state-of-the-art approach sorts each column individually, but this is inefficient for queries that sort on multiple columns. The proposed techniques manipulate bits across columns to improve parallelism, such as "bit borrowing" where bits are borrowed from one column to another. Experiments show the techniques provide up to 5.5x speedup over the state-of-the-art approach for analytic queries on real and benchmark datasets.
The document provides details for the Kraft'ivity 2015 event to be held at the White Oaks Conference Resort & Spa from May 12-15, 2015. The event is a sales meeting for Kraft Canada's 220 member sales team to learn about new products. Key contacts and room blocks for the 250 attendees are listed. Pre-event and post-event meetings will take place at the resort on May 8th and 16th respectively.
Cuando fue descubierto, Plutón fue identificado como el noveno planeta del Sistema Solar.
El hallazgo sucedió después de una intensa búsqueda tras lo que Percival Lowell llamó el “Planeta X”. Se creía que el supuesto planeta X desviaba de sus trayectorias a los planetas más recientemente descubiertos: Urano y Neptuno.
Understanding Paper sizes and the terminology used in the industry.
The size difference between Raw paper sizes and cut paper sizes.
The terms used worldwide for paper sizes.
How printers and manufacturers define sizes in the language
a1, a2, a3, a4, ansi, architectural paper, book binding, booklets, brochres, paper, paper mill, paper sizes, paper trade, printing, recycling paper, understanding paper terminology
Este documento presenta información sobre seis volcanes activos en Ecuador: el Cotopaxi, el Chimborazo, los Illinizas, el Cayambe, el Tungurahua. Cada sección proporciona detalles sobre la ubicación, datos fisiográficos y la última actividad volcánica de cada volcán.
Fabricación de mobiliario infantil y juvenil.
3 generaciones avalan la experiencia de esta empresa que se dedica a la fabricación de mueble infantil y juvenil.
Para construir una relación de transparencia y confianza con nuestros clientes, y prestarles un servicio de calidad y eficiencia, Colección Rosabel trabaja con un grupo de proveedores que ofrecen unas excelentes condiciones de calidad y seguridad, como son:
HETTICH, HäFELE, GRAU, REI, WURTH.
Colección Rosabel tiene muy en cuenta el respeto al medio ambiente y en su beneficio, toda la materia prima con la que se trabaja, proviene de un sistema de producción de madera y de procesos ecológicos.
Para satisfacer a nuestros clientes, contamos con ofrecer un buen diseño, una buena política de precios y calidad.
Esta calidad viene demostrada con el Documento de Calificación Artesana concedido por la Generalitat Valenciana y el certificado de Símbolo Calidad Controlada, concedida por AIDIMA.
El documento lista varias actividades turísticas y de ocio que se pueden realizar en el Valle del Jerte, como rutas a caballo, en 4x4, senderismo o culturales guiadas, paintball, circuitos por los árboles, descenso de barrancos y escalada. Proporciona los contactos de varias empresas que ofrecen dichas actividades.
This document presents a comparative study of the physico-chemical properties of effluents from small and large-scale pulp and paper mills in India. Samples were collected from different processing units and seasons from one small-scale agro-based mill (Mill A) and one large-scale wood-based mill (Mill B). The samples were analyzed for parameters like pH, color, BOD, COD, TDS, etc. The results showed that the effluents varied significantly between the different units and mills. Overall, Mill A was found to have more polluted effluents compared to Mill B, likely due to differences in raw materials and processing. The effluents generally did not meet regulatory standards for discharge
This document provides an overview of the Byzbit (BYT) utility token and the digital marketplace it aims to create for the paper mill industry. Byzbit wants to use blockchain technology to connect investors, merchants, and service providers in the paper mill manufacturing sector. This will allow participants to explore products/services, find business synergies, and get better deals/cost transparency. The token sale proceeds will be used to develop the Byzbit platform and expand the existing paper mill in Ethiopia, which uses agricultural waste as its main raw material. This has environmental benefits and will help reduce deforestation.
Rice husk ash fuel to wealth - for finance, subsidy & project related suppo...Radha Krishna Sahoo
This document summarizes the potential uses of rice husk and rice husk ash in India. It discusses how rice husk can be used to generate electricity in cogeneration power plants ranging from 2-10 MW. A sample energy balance and cost-benefit analysis is provided for a 5 MW plant. It estimates that such a plant could produce 42,000 MWh of electricity per year and 7,500 tonnes of rice husk ash, while offering power to industries at $2/kWh. The document also outlines several industrial applications for rice husk ash, such as a replacement for silica fume in high-performance concrete. Given India's large rice production, utilizing rice husk in these ways could boost
Agricultural waste pulping in nigeria prospects and challengesAlexander Decker
The document discusses the prospects and challenges of using agricultural waste for pulp and paper production in Nigeria. It notes that Nigeria generates substantial volumes of agricultural waste but it is currently underutilized. Agricultural waste like straw can be used as a raw material for pulp and paper mills and has several advantages over wood: it is widely distributed throughout Nigeria including in areas unsuitable for forestry; and waste straw is a byproduct of farming so pulp mills could earn farmers extra income and create jobs by processing the straw. However, establishing agricultural waste pulp mills also faces challenges such as a lack of detailed data on waste quantities and characteristics in Nigeria.
Agricultural waste pulping in nigeria prospects and challengesAlexander Decker
The document discusses agricultural waste pulping prospects in Nigeria. It notes that Nigeria generates substantial agricultural waste but depends on imported paper inputs. Using agricultural waste for paper production could reduce import dependence. The document outlines the types and quantities of agricultural waste generated across Nigeria's ecological zones, including various straws. It also discusses pulping agricultural waste and the prospects for establishing pulping facilities in Nigerian states with available straw resources. Challenges include a lack of information on waste quantities and proper handling/disposal.
The document summarizes the paper and pulp industries. It discusses the history and spread of papermaking from China to other parts of Asia and Europe. It then describes the modern papermaking process, including key steps like debarking, chipping, cooking, screening, washing, bleaching, and drying. It also discusses the kraft pulping process, recovery of chemicals through evaporation and combustion in recovery boilers, and recycling of chemicals to produce green liquor. The document provides an overview of the global and Indian paper industries and their raw material sources, outputs, and growth trends.
Paper recycling is the process of recovering waste paper and
remaking it into new paper products. It is estimated that on a
global basis municipal solid waste constitutes of about 35% by
weight of paper and paper products which are recyclable.
http://www.wirefabrik.com/snippets/842431570SNIP-MAY-11.pdf
The Kali River in western India is 180km long and flows into the Arabian Sea. It supports forests and wildlife but suffers from illegal sand mining and pollution from a paper mill. A proposal to build a 7th dam was cancelled after fraudulent environmental impact assessments. The West Coast Paper Mill, operating since 1959, discharges untreated toxic effluents into the Kali, contaminating water sources and impacting community health. Despite protests, the mill plans to expand operations.
This document discusses several profitable small-scale industries to start in India, including mini cement plants, door hinge manufacturing, quartz-based industries, mini sugar plants, HEPA filters, rice mills with oil extraction, and e-rickshaws. For each industry, it provides basic information on the industry and an estimated cost breakdown including capital required for land, buildings, machinery, working capital, and total investment. It indicates expected rates of return and break-even points for each potential industry.
Modelling circular economy in the Spanish pulp and paper industryIEA-ETSAP
The Spanish pulp and paper industry accounts for 4.3% of Spain's total industrial production value. Eucalyptus wood supplies ~75% of wood for paper pulp manufacturing. However, new regulations may limit future eucalyptus plantation area. Spain's national TIMES model was updated to better represent the pulp and paper recycling process and future scenarios by incorporating material limits, wood species differentiation, and imports/exports. The updated model explores scenarios involving increased recycling ratios and limited eucalyptus stock to stay within historical harvesting levels. Key challenges include accurately accounting for avoided CO2 emissions from recycling and developing standardized metrics for measuring circularity in TIMES models.
The Indian pulp and paper industry has grown significantly from 1951 to 2011. Installed capacity increased from 0.137 million tonnes per year in 1951 to a projected 11.2 million tonnes per year in 2009-2011. Capacity utilization also improved over time, reaching a peak of 90% in 1978-1979. Paper production in 2001-2002 was 3.162 million tonnes, with 60.8% from non-wood materials and 39.2% from wood. India's per capita paper consumption was around 4 kg in 2002, one of the lowest rates in the world. Key factors that impacted the paper industry between 1991-2002 included international pulp price trends, growth in user industries, changes in import duties on paper
Advances in pulp and paper technology and the implication for the paper indus...Alexander Decker
1) The technology of pulp and paper production has advanced significantly since its discovery, but improvements have also increased environmental impacts through pollution. Recent technological developments aim to reduce these impacts through methods like using substitute raw materials, organosolv pulping, and chlorine-free bleaching.
2) For Nigeria to become self-sufficient in paper production, new investments are needed to update obsolete facilities and remove dependence on paper imports, given implications of recent advances for the country's industry.
3) Key developments include the fourdrinier machine, kraft pulping process, use of chlorine and other chemicals for high brightness pulp, and recovery of pulping chemicals to reduce mill effluent pollution. Recent innovations include
Advances in pulp and paper technology and the implication for the paper indus...Alexander Decker
1) The technology of pulp and paper production has advanced significantly since paper's invention in 105 AD, but improvements have also increased environmental impacts through air and water pollution. Recent technological developments aim to reduce this, such as using substitute raw materials, organosolv pulping methods, and total chlorine free bleaching.
2) Nigeria relies on pulp and paper imports due to its obsolete domestic production facilities. Updating facilities with recent technologies is needed if Nigeria wants to become self-sufficient in pulp and paper production.
3) Key technological advances discussed include organosolv pulping methods that produce high quality pulp without environmental issues, total chlorine free bleaching that eliminates dioxin production, and using short hard
waste management of waste papers (Keywords: Recycling of waste papers, paper ...vasupatel100
India has become a world leader in waste paper production due to China restricting waste paper imports in 2018, leading Western countries to export over 200% more waste paper to India. India relies heavily on imported waste paper as a raw material for its paper industry since it lacks sufficient forests to produce pulp. The influx of waste paper imports has helped fuel India's large newspaper industry and meet the needs of its growing packaging and publishing sectors.
The document discusses the paper industry and its future prospects. It notes that while digital technologies were expected to reduce paper usage, the opposite has occurred with paper consumption rising in areas like printing, writing, packaging, and hygiene products. The paper industry remains an important contributor to the global and Indian economies through direct and indirect employment and revenues. While some grades of paper may be displaced by electronic alternatives, overall demand for paper is forecasted to continue growing due to factors like rising populations, education levels, and global trade. The paper industry thus has opportunities as well as challenges to address from technological and economic changes.
The document discusses paper, its history, uses, and sustainability. It notes that paper was first created in China around 105 AD and has since spread around the world. Paper is made from renewable resources like trees, agricultural residues, and recycled paper. The paper industry plants more trees than it harvests and uses renewable energy. While paper can be recycled and degrades naturally, it plays an important role in information sharing, education, packaging, and hygiene. The document argues that contrary to common myths, paper production is environmentally friendly and sustainable.
IRJET- Application of Paper Sludge in different FieldsIRJET Journal
The document summarizes research on applications of paper sludge in different fields. It discusses using paper sludge in agricultural fields to improve soil conditions, as a hydraulic barrier material in landfills, and in hydrophobic concrete. Studies found that applying paper sludge to agricultural land provided benefits like soil conditioning from organic matter, increased soil pH and addition of plant nutrients. Research also showed some types of paper sludge have properties suitable for use as low permeability barriers in landfill covers. Additionally, transforming waste paper sludge ash into a super hydrophobic powder was found to improve the water resistance of concrete.
Moving to a generational shift to technologies using renewable energy sources with zero fuel cost for generation of energy.
A glimpse of things to come . Some innovative ideas that use the surroundings to produce Energy. These are Concept technologies, Pilot projects , some way beyond pilot projects Some successfully running..A window into the technology that is in incubation stage and ready to be unleashed. Commited to energy security using renewable enrgy sources.
Strategic Energy Innovations. Creating a better, more sustainable future through innovation.
Climate change and rising energy costs have brought resource efficiency to the forefront of many communities' agendas.
EsselWorld is a 64-acre theme park in Mumbai, India established in 1986. The document discusses energy efficiency programs implemented at EsselWorld which reduced annual electricity consumption from 28,647 KW to 6,138 KW in Solution A, saving 22,508 KW annually and reducing electricity bills from INR 3,43,768 to INR 57,335 annually, saving INR 2,86,433. Solution B reduced annual electricity consumption from 28,647 KW to 4,778 KW, saving 23,869 KW annually and reducing electricity bills from INR 37,24,15 to INR 79,803 annually, saving INR 29,26,12.
We put a few tips to help conserve , save
10 Tips to save Energy and MOney.
Simple acts in everyday life
Simple and efficient ways to save both money and energy.
This document provides information about solar water heaters produced by the Centre for Application of Renewable Energy. It discusses the environmental benefits of solar water heaters including reducing carbon dioxide emissions. It provides details on the typical costs, payback periods when replacing electricity, furnace oil or coal, and estimated fuel savings. Solar water heaters can generate hot water using sunlight even on partially cloudy days using heat retained in the storage tank.
How has renewable energy and Alternate energy fared .
Some facts about renewable energy Potential and Installed capacities ,........updated till 2014 available
Paper making simplified
Making paper at home wth hand made make it yourself paper making, from waste to paper, paper making , Do it yourself.
Industry and businesses provide almost half the amount of recovered paper in the form of cuttings/shavings and unsold newspapers/magazines. Households contribute over a third. Almost any household paper, including used newspapers, cardboard, packaging, stationery, direct mail, magazines, catalogues, greeting cards and wrapping paper, can be recycled.
Recovered paper compares favorably with the production of wood-based pulp made by chemical or mechanical means in terms of environmental pollution and energy consumption.
All about paper Manufacturing: Paper Making Process
Industry and businesses provide almost half the amount of recovered paper in the form of cuttings/shavings and unsold newspapers/magazines. Households contribute over a third. Almost any household paper, including used newspapers, cardboard, packaging, stationery, direct mail, magazines, catalogues, greeting cards and wrapping paper, can be recycled. Recovered paper compares favorably with the production of wood-based pulp made by chemical or mechanical means in terms of environmental pollution and energy consumption.
All you need to learn and start composting with aid of earth worms on your own.
Composting of waste to produce bio fertilizer by decomposition or by the use of earthworms called vermiculture.
What is Vermicomposting?
Vermicomposting is a simple biotechnological process of composting, in which certain species of earthworms are used to enhance the process of waste conversion and produce a better end product. Vermicomposting differs from composting in several ways (Gandhi et al. 1997). It is a mesophilic process, utilizing microorganisms and earthworms that are active at 10–32°C (not ambient temperature but temperature within the pile of moist organic material). The process is faster than composting; because the material passes through the earthworm gut, a significant but not yet fully understood transformation takes place, whereby the resulting earthworm castings (worm manure) are
rich in microbial activity and plant growth regulators, and fortified with pest repellence attributes as well! In short, earthworms, through a type of biological alchemy, are capable of transforming garbage into ‘gold’
Pencil and its impact on the environment. paper pencil vs the Wooden pencil a comparative
Pencils Recycled From Newspapers…Best Invention Ever?Here are the facts about wood and wood pencils:
79 million pencils could be made from a single press run of the Sunday Paper.
Recycling 1 2.5 foot stack of newspapers saves a 20 foot pine tree.
Many pencil manufacturers use wood taken from the rainforest.
Deforestation is a major cause of many negative environmental changes.
They are a cost effective alternative compared to other recycled pencil options.
They recycle newspapers, a hugely inefficient and wasteful practice.
Ecopencil is giving us a highly effective alternative to traditional wood pencils, right here and now.
Wood pencils are proven to be harmful for the environment just in how the wood to manufacture them is harvested. This is an outdated practice that there is no need for in this age. Displacing indigenous animals, soil erosion, urban sprawl, climate change…
…and the list goes on. Supporting integrity driven businesses such as these is the only way we can begin to repair the generations of damage we have caused on our environment.
Help make that change today by contacting Ecopencil. Ask us about our products. Ask them the facts. Involve yourself.
This document traces the history and evolution of writing instruments from ancient times to modern ballpoint pens. It describes early writing tools like stone carving, clay tablets, reed pens, quill pens and their replacements by metal dip pens and steel nib pens. Key developments include the invention of the fountain pen in the 10th century by order of the Fatimid caliph Al-Mu'izz, and the replacement of quill pens by steel nib pens in the 19th century. The document also discusses various writing surfaces used over time like stone, clay, papyrus, parchment and paper.
Small Businesses: Making money from waste , From trash to treasue
Construction Material Machinery, Brick and mortar business, Paver (flooring), Roof,Flooring machinery
Small enterprises, environment friendly, using(recycling) waste tp produce utility products like paper pencils, paper, paper pens, polymer pencils, bricks, roofing tiles,
Recycling paper , office sheets, newspaper, notebook, cotton waste, from 10 Kgs. a day to 10 Tonnes.
From your Trash can to Tissue paper , notebook, files
Solar street Lights
Most solar panels turn on and turn off automatically by sensing outdoor light using a light source.Solar streetlights are designed to work throughout the night. Many can stay lit for more than one night if the sun is not available for a couple of days. Older models included lamps that were not fluorescent or LED. Solar lights installed in windy regions are generally equipped with flat panels to better cope with the winds.
Wind turbines, like aircraft propeller blades, turn in the moving air and power an electric generator that supplies an electric current. Simply stated, a wind turbine is the opposite of a fan. Instead of using electricity to make wind, like a fan, wind turbines use wind to make electricity. The wind turns the blades, which spin a shaft, which connects to a generator and makes electricity.
Wind Turbine Types
Modern wind turbines fall into two basic groups; the horizontal-axis variety, like the traditional farm windmills used for pumping water, and the vertical-axis design, like the eggbeater-style Darrieus model, named after its French inventor. Most large modern wind turbines are horizontal-axis turbines.
Turbine Components
Horizontal turbine components include:
blade or rotor, which converts the energy in the wind to rotational shaft energy;
a drive train, usually including a gearbox and a generator;
a tower that supports the rotor and drive train; and
other equipment, including controls, electrical cables, ground support equipment, and interconnection equipment.
Power generation from wind has emerged as one of the most rapidly growing renewable energy technologies. The estimated power generation capacity in India through wind is about 45,000 MW. The installed capacity is about 1,870 MW, which is about 4% of the total estimated potential.
Globally, wind generation capacity has increased by 27% in the year 2002 and is expected to expand 15 – fold in the next 20 years. Wind energy technologies have matured and large capacity wind turbines in the range of 1.25 to 1.65 MW are now being manufactured in India. The productivity of larger capacity machines is higher than that of smaller machines. Minimum wind velocity required for power generation is about 2.5 m/s and the maximum could be 30 m/s.
Energy generation for 1 MW turbine could be about 28 to 30 lakhs units per year, with a plant load factor of 25 to 30% Among the different renewable energy sources, wind energy is currently making a significant contribution to the installed capacity of power generation, and is emerging as a competitive option. The programme covers research and development, survey and assessment of wind resources, implementation of demonstration and private sector projects and promotional policies. As a result, India, with an installed capacity of about 3000 MW, ranks fifth in the world after Germany, USA, Spain and Denmark in wind power generation.
Small wind energy systems, namely water pumping windmills, aero generators and wind-solar hybrid systems can also be used for harnessing wind power potential, in addition to the large capacity wind turbines. These systems have been found to be very useful for meeting water pumping and small power requirements in decentralised mode in rural and remote windy areas of the country, which are un-electrified or have intermittent electric supply.
The document discusses various components of solar power systems for producing electricity from sunlight. It describes solar panels, which generate electricity from sunlight using photovoltaic cells. It explains that solar panels produce direct current (DC) electricity, and that multiple panels can be connected in series and parallel to achieve desired voltages and currents. The document also discusses other key components, including charge controllers, power inverters, storage batteries, and backup generators. It provides information on sizing solar power systems and selecting components.
More from Centre for Application of renewable Energy (16)
2. The pap
cause
handma
environ
sustaina
or boar
board w
paper p
would b
exporta
per industry
of concern
ade paper
nmentally
able produc
rd produced
was 13,000
production i
be Rs. 70
able commo
y is a forest
n. This pa
making
cleaner pr
ction system
d by hand.
tonnes valu
in India. Th
million, ind
odity.
t based indu
aper highlig
in India,
roduction t
m. Handmad
In 1995 th
ued at Rs. 2
he export v
dicating the
ustry. Deple
ghts the tr
which w
technology
de paper is
he producti
250 million
value of han
e high pote
eting forest
remendous
with its e
will be
defined as
on of hand
which is 0
ndmade pap
ential of th
cover is a
possibiliti
co-friendly
an appro
a sheet of
dmade pape
0.4 % of the
per and pro
e industry
major
es of
and
opriate
paper
er and
e total
oducts
as an
3. 1. Intr
Misuse
limits.
sedimen
smaller
3600 K
populat
drinking
prevent
sustaina
changes
needs o
meet th
in whic
of techn
with pre
2. Statu
roduction.
of natural
In less than
nt load from
and more i
Km2 a year
tion is poor
g water, an
table diseas
ably. A new
s in attitud
of the presen
heir own nee
ch the explo
nological de
esent as we
us of Indian
resources h
n 200 year
m soil erosio
intensively
r. Yet the
r. One in f
nd millions
ses. There i
w kind of
des and pra
nt without
eds (2). Bas
oitation of re
evelopment
ll as future
n Paper Ind
has come c
s, the earth
on has risen
used ones,
paradox is
five hasn’t
of children
is a need to
developmen
actices (1).
compromis
ically, susta
esources, th
t and the in
needs (3). I
dustry Pap
close to test
h has lost s
n 3-fold in m
water withd
s that a la
got enough
n die every
o promote a
nt is neces
Sustainable
ing on the
ainable deve
he direction
stitutional c
In 1980, a w
per
ting the ear
six million
major river
drawals has
rge propor
h food, 25%
y year due
and perfect
ssary, coupl
e developm
ability of fu
elopment is
of investm
charges are
world conser
rth’s capaci
Km2 of for
basins and
s grown from
rtion of the
% are with
to malnutri
t an ethic fo
led with sig
ment is mee
future gener
s a process
ments, the or
all made co
rvation strat
ity to its
rest. The
8-fold in
m 100 to
e worlds
hout safe
ition and
for living
gnificant
eting the
rations to
rientation
onsistent
tegy was
4. Industri
atmosph
mixture
(chemic
finished
generat
is a ma
residue
also ver
indicate
shouldn
product
address
trends o
possibil
environ
product
3. Hand
Handm
formed
called
ies like stee
here. Like
e of raw
cals/fuel) a
d goods. A
ed. Moreov
ajor cause
and variou
ry high in e
e that it is a
n’t wait any
tion techno
sed for surv
of the indus
lities for ha
nmentally cl
tion system
dmade Pap
ade paper i
by means o
a handmad
el, cement,
all manufac
w materials
and convert
At all stag
ver, the pap
of concern
s grasses ar
environmen
already too
y longer to
ology and r
vival. It’s tim
stry in the
andmade pa
leaner prod
(5).
permaking
is a sheet o
of a cylinde
de paper e
chemical a
cturing indu
s (wood
ts them int
ges of the
er industry
. However,
re being use
ntal costs. E
o late for th
take action
raw materia
me for poli
coming yea
aper making
duction tech
and fertilize
ustries, the
/non-wood
to a mixtu
processing
is forest ba
, in India n
ed as a good
Examples fro
he Indian pu
. The prese
al are two
icy makers
ars. This pa
g in India, w
hnology wil
in India
of paper or
er mould an
even if the
er, are know
pulp and p
d), and p
ure of furn
g chain, w
ased and de
non-woody
d substitute
om other in
ulp and pap
ent, environ
basic issu
to think an
aper highlig
which with
l be an app
board prod
nd vat or on
e subsequen
wn for pollu
paper sector
processed
nished and
wastes prod
epleting fore
material li
for wood b
ndustrialized
per industry
mentally un
ues, which
nd decide th
ghts the trem
its eco-frien
propriate su
duced by h
a four dine
nt operatio
uting the
r takes a
material
partially
ducts are
est cover
ike agro-but
that is
d nations
y and we
nfriendly
must be
he future
mendous
ndly and
stainable
hand. If the
er table, it c
ons are car
sheet is
cannot be
rried out
5. Tabl
Y
1953
1960
disconti
Commi
machin
India K
the han
became
encoura
such as
paper, u
their m
concess
some S
handma
the valu
le 1: Perform
Year N
-54
0-61
inuously. It
ission (KVI
e (CMM) w
Khadi and V
ndmade pap
e the Khad
aged this in
s introducin
utilizing loc
marketing e
sions and in
tates (6). D
ade paper un
ue of handm
mance of Hand
No. of workin
Units
40
108
t should, ho
IC) include
with a defin
Village Indu
per industry
di and Villa
ndustry thro
ng new equi
cally availab
efforts. The
ncentives su
Due to the ab
nits grew fr
made paper p
dmade Paper
ng Em
owever, be n
es paper an
nite maximu
ustries Boar
y in its deve
age Industr
ugh financi
ipment, new
ble diverse r
e handmade
uch as centr
bove suppo
rom 35 in 19
production w
r units
mployment
in 800
1
4
noted that t
nd boards
um deckle w
rd was estab
elopment pr
ries Comm
ial assistanc
w technique
raw materia
e paper un
al excise du
rting progra
953 to more
was hardly
the Khadi a
made in t
width of up
blished in 1
rogram. Th
mission (KV
ce and techn
es, developi
als and help
nits also e
uty and sale
am of the K
e than 350 I
Rs. 500,000
Produ
Rs. L
(100,0
uction
Lakhs
000s)
5
24
4
and Village
the cylinde
to 102 cm.
1953 and it
he above bo
VIC), which
nological a
ing new var
ing entrepre
enjoy sever
es tax exem
KVIC the nu
In 1993-94.
0 but it was
Sales
5
21
Industry
er mould
. The All
includes
oard later
h further
ssistance
rieties of
eneurs in
ral fiscal
mptions in
umber of
In 1953,
s more in
Wages
Rs. Lakh
(100,000s
1.7
9.1
hs
s)
6. 1971
1989
1990
1991
1992
-72
9-90
0-91
-92
2-93
In 1995
250 mil
value o
potentia
The han
concent
capacity
Registe
artisans
176
300
325
344
350
5 the produc
llion which
f handmade
al of the ind
ndmade pap
tration in U
y of the unit
ered instituti
s own the u
ction of han
h is 0.4 % o
e paper and
dustry as an
permaking u
U.P., Maha
ts range fro
ions, coope
nits. KVIC
4
5
6
7
7.5
ndmade pape
of the total
products w
exportable
units are sc
arashtra, T
om 50 kgs to
erative socie
has an amb
8
72
85
12
15
1
24
53
10
32
er & board
production
would be Rs.
commodity
cattered thro
amil Nadu
o 700 kgs pe
eties, privat
bitious nati
Sou
was 13,000
n of paper i
. 70 million
y.
oughout the
u, Rajasthan
er day.
te entrepren
onal progra
87
749
921
1238
1605
urce: Review Repo
0 tones valu
n India. Th
, indicating
e country w
n and Ker
neurs and in
am of increa
26.24
194.0
256.0
337.0
426.0
orts of HMPI
ued at Rs.
he export
g the high
with more
ala. The
ndividual
asing the
7. product
in India
handma
tion capacit
a) by the ye
ade paper m
ty to 60,000
ear 2002 (7
making.
0 tonnes (1.2
7). Table 2
2% of the to
shows vari o
tal projecte
ious raw m
ed paper pr
materials use
roduction
ed in the
8. S.NO.
1.
.
RAW
MATERIA
Rag
AL
PROC
CESS CHE
Cookin
Bleachi
ng
ing
EMICAL USED
3-4%
6-8%
or 1
Hyp
lime
or
H2O
+Na
% NaOH,
% Na2CO3
15%Ca(OH)2
pochlorite+
e
O2+Na2CO3
a2SiO3
CONDITIO
ONS AVA
6-8 hrs.
130-1400C
Bath ratio-
2-2.5 hrs
C
1:3
AILABILITY
and new
old
s, threads
olor rags
cotton textile
try,
s, denim
industry
osiery
et
White
rags, o
whites
and co
from c
indust
tailors
fabric
and ho
marke
REMARK
KS
e can
to
H is
ness
eved
er,
r,
e or
Soda silicat
be used up t
40%,
when NaOH
being used
80% brightn
can be achie
Ledger pape
Filter paper
Drawing
paper, Bible
Skin
Paper
9. S.NO
2.
3.
4.
O.
S.NO
RAW
MATERI
W
IAL
Cotton
linters
Jute an
Kenaf
Kenaf
and
Mesta
O.
RAW
MATERI
PRO
OCESS CH
n Pressu
HEMICAL USED
ure
ng 6-8
Cooki
nd
Pressu
Cooki
Open
Cooki
ure
ng
ng
Open
Cooki
W
IAL
PRO
8% NaOH
Na
as
14%
D CONDITI
aOH+Na2SO3
% Na2O
Na
as h
20%
ng
aOH+Na2SO3
high as
% Na2O
15%
5-1
% NaOH+
10% H2O2
OCESS CH
HEMICAL USED
IONS AV
2-4 hrs.
Bath ratio
3
VAILABILITY
o-1:3 Cotto
4 hrs.
160-1650
3 8-10 hrs.
on mills
C West
2hrs.
Bath ratio
D CONDITI
t Bengal,
r, Assam
Bihar
o-1:10
Andh
Oriss
Tami
hra Pradesh,
sa and
il Nadu
IONS AV
VAILABILITY
REMAR
RKS
Very high
strength
tear
High stren
very low
brightness.
Shopping b
cover, tags
folders etc
High tensil
strength an
brightness
level upto
IS0
gth but
.b
ags,
s,
.
le
nd
65%
REMAR
RKS
10. 5.
6
7.
Sun
Hemp
Sisal
Pressu
Cooki
ure
ng Na
Bleach
hing
Open
Cooki
Hy
chl
the
ng -
aOH+Na2SO3
3 -
ypo,
lorination and
en hypo
1hrs. Bath
ratio-1:8
Uttar
r Pradesh
h Oriss
sa, Kerala and
natka
Karn
Used in tis
and cigaret
tissue pape
ssue
tte
er
80% ISO
brightness
d
lor but
h
nd
n
Dark in co
impart high
porosity an
absorption
capacity
11. S.NO.
8.
.
RAW
MATERIA
AL
Banana
PRO
OCESS
Soakin
Pressu
cookin
Bleach
ng
ure
ng
hing
Open c
Wa
dig
hyp
cooking .05
Na
CHEMICAL US
SED CON
ater 8% NaOH
glinification+
pochlorite ble
H O2
aching
5% EDTA+8%
aOH+2% H2O
NDITIONS
20 h
1350
ratio
%
O2
hrs. 2hrs.,
0C Bath
o-1:6
4hrs
ratio
MKP
r
s. Bath
o-1:6
AVAILABILIT
TY REMA
Maharashtra,
Kerala and And
radesh
dhra
ARKS
mely
parent
apers,
y
g
s and
ative
s.
na
s
ior to
ulp
Extrem
thin
transp
like pa
good
quality
strong
tissues
decora
papers
Banan
pulp is
superi
Rag pu
12. 9.
10.
Ankhad
Waste
paper
da Soakin
ng
hing
Bleach
Soakin
15%
Na
ng
% Na2CO3 30
a2CO3 1%hyp
Mi
and
che
0%
po
ld dose of Na
d deinking
emicals
70 h
139
OH
hrs., 400C
hrs., 400C
12 h
hrs.
Gujrat, Punja
Bihar and
Rajasthan
ab,
Pulp substitu
and high grad
deinking was
94%
and
ISO
brig
94%
and
ISO
brig
75%
brig
so it
poss
prod
TCF
utes
de
ste
% yield
49%
Og
htness
% yield
55%
Og
htness
% ISO
ghtness
t is
sible to
duce
F pulp
mix
h other
h
ngth
ps
Adm
with
high
stren
pulp
13. 41i
fr
2s
4. Handma
1. The raw
ndustry, dif
fibres, leaf f
renewable c
2. Pulping o
soda ash, ca
c
chemicals l
d
delignificati
Most of the
white rags a
very low le
which must
necessary, th
the wastewa
extreme cas
organic subs
Mwv
wnt
e
o
3l
de Paper: A
materials
fferent bast
fibres and c
cycles.
of these raw
austic soda
like alkali
ion process
e HMP in I
are used, th
vels of BO
be removed
he effluent
ater with lim
ses, alum ca
stances.
3. Handmad
imited and
Sustaina
used in ha
t fibres avai
cotton and l
able Produc
andmade pa
ilable locall
linter fibres
w materials i
a, oxalates,
sulphide
es. There i
India uses c
here is no c
OD and COD
d and separ
needs treatm
me, which re
an be added
de papermak
d therefore
ction System
apermaking
ly and recy
s are from a
is based on
oxygen, an
and sulphi
s hardly an
cotton rags
cooking and
D, however
rated. When
ment. A sim
educes the C
d to the effl
king units c
uneconomi
m
are the w
cled second
annual plan
n the use of
nd peroxide
ite, chlorin
ny pollution
, both whit
d bleaching
r the efflue
n plant fibre
mple method
COD and th
luent to floc
can make m
ical to pro
waste produc
dary fibres.
nts and there
non-polluti
es. It is not
ne and chlo
n or negativ
te and colo
g and the di
ent contains
es requiring
d is to instal
he AOX con
cculate the
many of the
duce on a
cts of thete
Almost all
efore have
ing chemica
t necessary
orine comp
ve impact o
ored or was
ischarged e
s considerab
g cooking an
ll a few tank
ntent consid
color and C
e specialty p
convention
extile
l bast
short
als such as l
to use har
pounds for
on environm
ste paper. W
effluent con
ble fibre de
nd bleachin
ks and then
derably. In s
COD contai
papers, who
nal paper m
lime,
rmful
r the
ment.
When
ntains
ebris,
g are
treat
some
ining
ose demand
machine. T
ds are
These
14. vpp
4t
varieties inc
papers, ultra
paper for ce
4. Recycling
that recycli
reduction r
in
bonding b
abi
maximum r
imit is alm
material to a
ml
m
5hood
clude fancy
a thin backin
rtificates, le
g reduces c
ng causes
n stretch and
ility, which
recycling lim
most double,
sheet pape
5. Handmad
handmade p
only from sh
of paper ma
direction-ori
and decora
ng paper, pe
egal docum
considerably
a major re
d apparent d
h in turn is
mit should
, i.e., 8 tim
er.
de paper s
paper are sh
haken side
achines. Im
iented fibre
ative base p
ermanent pa
ents etc.
y the paper
eduction in
density. Th
due to red
be 4 times
mes, due pri
shows a be
haken in 4 d
to side or t
mproved form
es on the she
paper, perso
aper for mu
onalized sta
useums, arch
rmaking pot
n breaking
he principal
duced fibre
s. In the ca
imarily mil
etter strengt
different dir
their movem
mation can
eet.
ationary pap
hives, and li
tential of pu
length, bu
cause of th
swelling.It
se of handm
lder conditi
th isotropy
rections, wh
ment is froz
be acheive
per, deckle
ibraries, dur
ulps. It is g
urst and fol
hese change
t is general
made paper
ions of pro
y than mach
hile fibres o
zen immedia
ed in handm
edge
rable
generally ag
ld and a l
es is the red
lly said tha
r this maxim
cessing the
hine paper
of machine
ately on the
made paper
greed
esser
duced
at the
mum
e raw
. The fibre
made pape
e twin wire
r. There are
es of
er are
type
e less
15. 6
6. Hands ma
7. Neutral o
relatively m
ancient pape
This is due t
The long las
mild cookin
7r
a
TT
m
ade papers a
r alkaline si
more perman
er sheets of
to the select
sting charac
ng and dryin
are dried wi
izing with a
nent, semi p
f oriental ori
tion of raw
cter of handm
ng condition
ithout any r
small perc
ermanent an
igin have hi
materials as
made paper
ns.
estraint and
centage of al
nd durable p
igher perma
s well as the
r is sometim
d hence have
lum or with
paper. It ha
anency than
eir subsequ
mes attribute
e natural sh
hout it enabl
s now been
those of Eu
ent processi
ed to gelatin
hrinkage.
les producti
proved, tha
uropean orig
ing into pap
n sizing and
ion
at
gin.
per.
d
16. 5. Problem
Bits of dirt
mottled or d
as drawing
selection of
halls, a sen
extent.
Although p
in basis we
quality whi
When chem
beater. To
painting lev
the Europe
finer varieti
For improv
should be
chemicals o
dispersion
tested with
ms and Eme
t and speck
decorative p
g and art p
f raw mater
nse of clean
pride is take
eight, color
ich can be a
micals are a
maintain s
vel marks o
an method
ies of HMP
vement in sh
taught to
or preferabl
as well as t
good result
erging Solu
ks are invar
papers this i
paper or sta
rials, caref
nliness and
en in the fac
r, whiteness
achieved thr
added to sto
stock consis
on the beate
of stock re
P.
heet formati
the paperm
ly vegetativ
the drainag
ts.
utions in HM
riably found
is not so ser
ationery pa
ful cleaning
good house
ct that no tw
s and gene
rough a prof
ock, they m
stency, the
er. The new
circulation
ion of thinn
makers. The
ve mucilage
ge rate. Muc
MP Units
d in sheets
rious. But in
apers it spe
g of work a
ekeeping co
wo sheets ar
eral appeara
fessional an
must be wei
stock-wate
w Japanese
in the vat a
ner grades o
e formation
’s. The veg
cilage of Ca
of handma
n white or s
eaks of low
areas, dryin
ould solve t
re the same
ance are im
nd scientific
ghed and n
er level sho
method of
are things th
of paper, the
n aids coul
getable muci
actus (Opiu
ade paper,
semi white s
w quality.
g of sheets
the problem
with HMP,
mportant par
c methods of
not simply p
ould be ma
sheet form
hat can be
e use of form
ld be eithe
ilage contro
untia bellon
however in
sheets, such
The proper
in covered
m to a great
, uniformity
rameters of
f operation.
put into the
intained by
mation and a
adopted for
mation aids
er synthetic
ols the fibre
ni) has been
nh
rdt
y
f.eyar
s
ce
n
17. In the prese
Tulsi seed,
various fibr
good result
aids also im
is also bein
natural poly
“Zero efflu
6. Conclus
The hand m
allows a la
proximity
supplies an
potential. A
stop the we
for rural de
ent work va
the wild va
res is being
ts. Similarly
mprove fibre
ng carried
yelectrolyte
uent Mill” st
ion
made paper
arge canvas
to consum
nd products
As the Indian
ealth drain f
evelopment.
arious locall
ariety of Bh
g graded. Am
y, the ban t
e retention,
out on the
e’s. The pos
tatus can be
r industry w
s for mill
mer or expo
s to variou
n economy
from rural t
ly available
hindi (Ambr
mbrettie us
tulsi seed i
hence the l
treatment
ssibility of r
e achieved.
with minim
location ta
orter center
us consume
is a rural ec
to urban are
e plants mat
rettie) etc. a
ed with jute
imparts goo
loss of fibre
of the fina
reusing trea
terials such
are identifie
e and rag fi
od drainage
e reduces by
l effluent b
ated water i
mum effluen
aking advan
rs, easy ac
er centers,
conomy, thi
eas but also
as the seed
d and their
fibres have s
characteris
y up to 50%
by water hy
s being stud
nt discharge
ntage of se
ccessibility
as well as
is productio
o establish a
d of the Ban
efficacy on
shown very
stics. These
%. Research
yacinth and
died so that
e and smal
everal optio
for transp
s a large e
on system w
strong ind
nny
eh
dt
l size units
s
ons such as
s
portation of
employment
will not only
dustrial base
fty
e
18. References
Caring for th
UNEP and W
Islam J (1994
Khandekar V
Possibilities a
News Bulletin
Consultants P
Rao NJ. (1992
Report of th
UNIDO. Vien
Review Repo
s :
he Earth- A st
WWF. Gland, S
4) Sustainable
V, Bhoomaiah,
and Problems.
n No. 20, July
Pvt. Ltd. Bomb
2) Sustainable
e Conference
nna. Novembe
orts of Handma
trategy for Su
Switzerland. O
Development
Singh SN, Pa
. 2nd Internati
y 1992 of ass
bay.
e Production o
e on Ecologic
er (1991).
ade Paper Ind
ustainable Liv
October (1991
t of Pulp and P
anda A (1995)
ional Seminar
sociated indus
of Pulp and Pa
cally Sustaina
dustry publishe
ving publishe
).
Paper industry
) Handmade P
r on Pulp & Pa
strial Consulta
aper in India.
able Industria
ed by KVIC (
d by “The W
y: Indian Pers
Papermaking i
aper Industry N
ants (INDIA)
IPPTA. 4 (1)
al developme
1997).
World Conserv
pective. IPPT
in India- Prosp
New Delhi De
Pvt. Ltd. & T
vation Union”
TA. 6(1)
pects,
ecember
Trans Environ
ent. General c
”
n
conference of
f