PHED 2022- Invitation to Health: Live It Now! Brief 9e

1. © Cengage Learning 2016© Cengage Learning 2016
An Invitation to Health: Building Your Future, Brief Edition, 9e
Dianne Hales
Consumer Health
13

2. © Cengage Learning 2016
After reading this chapter, the student
should be able to:
• Describe some ways the Affordable Care
Act is affecting access to health care
• Identify three elements of personalized
health care
• List some steps to becoming a better
health-care consumer
Objectives

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• Outline your rights as a health-care
consumer
• Discuss the pros and cons of elective
treatments to enhance health or
appearance
• Identify ways to recognize health hoaxes
and medical quackery
• Assess the value of complementary and
alternative medicine (CAM)
Objectives (cont’d.)

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• Review the components of the health-care
system, including types of practitioners
and health-care facilities
• Explain how a health care plan can affect
the health-care services a consumer
receives
• List some of the choices college students
have for health coverage
Objectives (cont’d.)

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• Affordable Care Act (ACA)
– Includes ban on insurance companies
terminating coverage for ill patients
• Bans denying coverage based on preexisting
condition
– Expansion of federally-funded coverage for
low income individuals
• Includes free preventive services
• Health literacy
– Ability to understand health information
A New Era in Consumer Health

6. © Cengage Learning 2016
• Guidelines for evaluating online health
information
– Check the source
– Check the date the page was created
– Check the references and the author
– Look for possible bias
– Determine where researchers reported
findings
• Peer-reviewed professional journals are best
Finding Good Advice Online

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• Combining best research evidence with
patient’s personal values
• Doctors can develop practice guidelines
for evaluating and treating specific illness
• Outcomes research
– Examines the impact of a medication on the
patient’s condition, health, and quality of life
Evidence-Based Medicine

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• Personalized medicine
– Treatments tailored to individual patients
• Important step: mapping family medical
history
– DNA analysis may be used in the future
• Gender differences
– Women use health care more than men
– Men wait longer to seek treatment
Personalizing Your Health Care

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• Can provide immediate access to useful
information
– Cannot replace your physician
• Examples of services of free apps
– Provide location of emergency medical
centers
– Pharmacy prescription price comparison
– Symptom evaluation
– Track growth of skin moles by taking pictures
with a smart phone
Health-Related Apps

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• Self-maintenance
– Self-diagnosis and treatment for minor
ailments
– Taking vital signs
– Participating in self-help groups
• Online virtual support communities
• Poor oral health
– Links to a variety of health problems
Self-Care

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• Talking with your health care provider
– Ask questions
– Make sure you understand
– Ask about care options
– Find out exactly how to take prescribed
medications
• Establish a relationship with a primary
care physician
• Screening tests
Becoming a Savvy Health-Care
Consumer

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• Prescription drugs
– Know the name of the drug and what it should
look like
– Inform your doctor if you use herbal
supplements
– Avoid using a kitchen spoon to dispense liquid
medications
– Do not take medication with grapefruit juice
– Do not take another person’s medication
Preventing Medical Errors

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• Right to be treated with respect and dignity
• Right to information
– Patient must give consent for hospitalization,
surgery, and other major treatments
• Right to privacy
• Access to medical records
• Right to quality health care
– Most malpractice lawsuits based on physician
negligence
Your Medical Rights

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• Cosmetic surgery
– Botox
– Liposuction
– Breast augmentation
• Body art (tattoos)
– Ink can cause adverse reactions
– Increased risk of bacterial or viral infections
– Black henna contains PPD
• Banned by law from skin cosmetics
Elective Treatments

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• Unproven health products and services
– Result in loss of consumer’s money, wasted
time, additional pain, and disappointment
• Consumer should be suspicious of certain
advertising terms
– Scientific breakthrough, miraculous cure,
ancient remedy, or secret ingredient
• Ask for written explanation and evidence
supporting all claims
Health Hoaxes and Medical Quackery

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• Complementary and alternative medicine
(CAM)
– Various medical systems, practices, and
products
– Not part of conventional medicine
• Not sufficient proof of safety or effectiveness
• Holistic methods
– Focus on the whole person
• Physical, mental, emotional, and spiritual aspects
Nontraditional Health Care

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• Combines traditional medicine with
alternative therapies
– Gaining greater acceptance within the
medical community
• Acupuncture
– Ancient Chinese form of medicine
– Involves needles placed into the skin
Integrative Medicine

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• Homeopathy principles
– Like cures like
– Less is more
– Treatment must always be individualized
• Naturopathy
– Natural remedies best treatment for disease
– Example treatments: dietary changes, steam
baths, and exercise
Homeopathy and Naturopathy

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• Herbal medicine
• Chiropractic medicine
– Based on concept that human diseases result
from misalignment of the spine
• Energy therapies
– Electromagnetic fields or magnets
– Therapeutic touch
Other Types of CAM

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• Some types of health-care practitioners
– Physician
– Registered nurse (RN)
– Licensed practical nurse (LPN)
– Clinical psychologist
– Psychiatrist
– Optometrist
– Podiatrist
– Dentist
The Health Care System

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• College student choices for health
coverage
– School’s student health plan
– Parent’s health plan (under age 26)
– Catastrophic health plan (under age 30)
– www.healthcare.gov
• Know your coverage
– Prescriptions, doctor visits, and emergency
care
What You Need to Know About the
Affordable Care Act