I am Dr. Md. Mushtaq Wadud. I have completed My MS and DVM degree from Hajee Mohammed Danesh Science and Technology University (HSTU), Bangladesh.

1. Welcome
to
Anaplasmosis
Presentation
Dr. Md. Mushtaq Wadud
DVM, MS (HSTU), CT (Chennai)
Cell: +88 01751427940

2. Anaplasmosis
synonym: Gall sickness
• Anaplasmosis is an infectious vector borne disease of
ruminants .
• Caused by obligate intraerythrocytic rickettsia organism of
the genus Anaplasma.
• characterized clinically by fever, inappetence ,decrease milk
yiled, progressive anaemia, icterus and constipation.

3. Anaplasmosis
Etiology
1.Anaplasma marginale is the causative agent in cattle and
wild ruminants.
2.A. ovis in sheep. goat and deer.
3. A centrale is closely related to A. marginale and cause
mild anaplasmosis in cattle.

4. Anaplasmosis
Epidemiology:
Host range: 1.Cattle are susceptible to A. marginale and
A.centrale and sheep to A. ovis
2.Seropositivety rates in endemic areas varied from 60 to 90%
intermediate hosts some 20 tick species.
Source of infection:
1.The source of infection is always the blood of an infected
animal.
2.Recovered carrier animals are the source of infection.

5. Anaplasmosis
Risk factors:
1.Anaplasmosis is essentially a disease of cattle .
2.Potentially affecting animals of any breed and sex.
3.sheep and goat, as well as certain wild ruminants,
can be laterally infected with A. marginale

6. Anaplasmosis
Age at infection
1.Young calves up to 6 months are usually susceptable to
infection and mostly subclinical
2.Calves aged between 9 to 12 months.
3.Usually show no clinical signs or develop only a mild form
of the disease
4.cattle aged between 1 to 2 years may develop acute but
rarely fatal disease symptoms. 5.Acute and occasionally
fatal infections occur in cattle more than 3 years of age.

7. Anaplasmosis
• Nutritional status
• Shortage of feed and concurrent diseases may result in
the development of acute anaplasmosis.
Season:
• 1.A seasonal occurrence of disease occurs in
association with seasonal occurrence of the insect
vectors.
• 2.Winter outbreaks are likely associated with
iatrogenic transmission.

8. Economic importance:
1.costs of mortality which may vary from very low to
high (50-60%)
2.Reproductive disorders-abortion and temporary
infertility.
3.Drop in milk production in sick and recovered animals.
4.Costs associated with the implementation of costly
preventive and curative measure.

9. Anaplasmosis
Clinical findings
Peracute form:
•Sudden onset of high fever, anaemia, icterus, severe
dyspnoea and death, often within 24 hours, mostly in
adult cattle.
•Affected animals are often hyperexcitable and tend to
attack attendants just before death.
•Pregnant cows frequently abort.

10. Anaplasmosis
Acute form
•Mucous membrane are pallor
•Decrease milk yield, icterus, constipation and dehydration
•Nervous symptoms include restlessness
•The fever may be continuous or intermittent
•Characterized by fever, anaemia, increased heart and
respiration rates, muscles weakness and depression

11. Anaplasmosis
Chronic form
• Chronic disease may follow the acute stage and
manifested by a slow recovery and may last from a few
weeks to 3 months or longer. • The animal may not
produce optimally and appears to be in a less than
satisfactory condition.

12. Anaplasmosis
Necropsy findings:
• Blood is thin and watery, and the color of the mucous membranes
may range from pate to dark yellow.
• Splenomegaly due to involvement of the reticuoendothlial system.
• The liver is enlarged.
• The gallbladder appears enlarged and is distended with thick
yellow-green bile.
• Epicardial and pericardial petechiae and ecyhmoses are often
present.
• The lungs are usually pale and edematous .

13. Anaplasmosis
Drugs suggestion:
Generic name : Oxtetracycline
Trade name:
**Inj. Tetravet- 2ml/10kg
Inj. Tetravet 100 -1 ml/10-20kg bw.
Inj. Tetravet LA-1ml/10 kg
IM or IV or SC
Oxtetracycline Bolus:
Tetravet bolus
1 ml/10 kg bwt. IM or IV 1bol/ 20-25 Kg

14. Anaplasmosis
Treatment:
1) Tetravet (Oxytetracycline)
2) Asta Vet (Antihistamine)
3)Babecure (Imidocarb Dipropionate)
4) Anora bolus
5) Fero Vet
6) V-Plex Vet (Vitamin B- Complex)

15. Supportive therapy:
- Blood transfusion @ 2 to 4 litre/ cattle with acute anaemia.
- Haematinic drugs not and liver supportive drugs may reduce the time
required for convalescence.
- Mild laxatives is used for ruminal stasis.
Control:
•Eliminating the carrier stage: Cattle are susceptible to reinfection but show
resistance to clinical anaplasmosis for variable periods of up to 30 months.
•Chemoprophylaxis: Oxytetracycline used for throughout the vector season.
•Control of vector by biologically & mechanically.
•Vaccination (both live & killed vaccine is used).