The document outlines the four stages of the writing process: familiarization, controlled writing, guided writing, and free writing. In the familiarization stage, model texts are read and key features are highlighted. Controlled writing involves isolated practice of highlighted features. Guided writing focuses on organizing ideas to imitate model texts. Free writing is the final stage where students independently complete comparable writing tasks using skills learned.

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The Stages
Familiarization
• Model text are read. The features of the genres, such as organization of the main points, use of language are
highlighted.
• Students do controlled activities to practice the features of the model text genres.
• They do the writing task using the skills, structures and vocab that they have practiced to produced expected
written product.
Controlled
Writing
• Controlled practice of highlight features, usually in isolation.
• Students do activities to practice the features highlighted in the analysis of the model text.
• E.g. : Student are studying speech format essay, they may asked to practice the language use to end the
speech, practicing the ‘Thank you’.
Guided
Writing
• This is the most crucial part in writing process. This third stage focused on the organization of the ideas.
• Students prepare to imitate the model texts by organizing a pre-determined set of ideas to fit the model.
Free
Writing
• The end result of writing process. Students choose from a choice of comparable writing tasks.
• Students use the skills, structures and vocab they have learnt to produce the expected written product, to show
they can do as fluent and competent users of language.
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