Guide to open suse 13.2 by mustafa rasheed abass & abdullah t. tua'ama (update)

1
Ministry Of Higher Education & Scientific Research
University Of Diyala
College Of Engineering
Computer Engineering Dept.
Third stage
-Preparation By:
Mustafa R. Abass Abdullah T. Tua'ama
-Supervision By:
Ms.c Huda

List of Content
--------------------
-Chapter One :
Introduction
1.1 History
1.2 Overview
1.3 Five Reasons try OpenSuse
offeropenSUSEdoesfeaturesWhat1.4
1.5 Feature highlights
Installed Applications1.6
Chapter Two:-
H.W Support & Installation
2.1 Hardware Support
2.2 Installa/on
2.2.1 Install openSuse without any Operation System
2.2.2 Install OpenSuse With Virtual Box (Virtual Machine)
2.2.3 Install OpenSuse With another Opera/on System (like: win 7)
2.3 Hard Disk partitioning
Chapter Three :-
User Interface
3.1 Graphical User Interface (GUI)
3.1.1 KDE

3.1.2 GNOME
3.2 Command line Interface
3.2.1 Managing So:ware with Command Line Tools
3.2.1.1 Zypper
3.2.1.2 RPM—the Package Manager
REFRENCECS

1.1 History
In the past, the SUSE Linux company had focused on releasing the SuSE Linux
Personal and SuSE Linux Professional box sets which included extensive printed
documentation that was available for sale in retail stores. The company's ability to sell
an open source product was largely due to the closed-source development process
used. Although SUSE Linux had always been open product licensed with the GPL, it was
only freely possible to retrieve the source code of the next release 2 months a'er it was
ready for purchase. SUSE Linux strategy was to create a technically superior Linux
distribution with the large number of employed engineers, that would make users
willing to pay for their distribution in retail stores.
Since the acquisition by Novell in 2003 and with the advent of openSUSE this has been
reversed: star.ng with version 9.2, an unsupported 1 DVD ISO image of SUSE
Professional was made available for download as well as a bootable Live
DVD evaluation. The FTP server continues to operate and has the advantage of
"streamlined" installs: Only downloading packages the user feels they need. The ISO has
the advantages of an easy install package, the ability to operate even if the user's
network card does not work "out of the box", and less experience needed (i.e., an
inexperienced Linux user may not know whether or not to install a certain package, and
the ISO offers several preselected sets of packages).
The ini.al stable release from the openSUSE Project, SUSE Linux 10.0, was available for
download just before the retail release of SUSE Linux 10.0. In addi.on, Novell
discontinued the Personal version, renaming the Professional version to simply "SUSE
Linux", and repricing "SUSE Linux" to about the same as the old Personal version. As of
version 10.2, the SUSE Linux distribution was officially renamed to openSUSE.
Over the years, SuSE Linux has gone from a status of a distribution which includes
proprietary so'ware, with restric.ve, delayed publica.ons (2 months of wai.ng for
those who had not bought the box, without ISOs available, but installation available via
FTP) and a closed development model to a free distribution model with immediate and
freely availability for all and transparent and open development. Its popularity
con.nues to grow: as of May 2010, for example, patch download sta.s.cs show more
than two million unique installa.ons of openSUSE 11.1 and 11.2 alone, with the largest
numbers located in Germany (28%) and the United States (14%).
On April 27, 2011 A=achmate completed its acquisi.on of Novell. Attachmate split
Novell into two autonomous business units, Novell and SUSE. Attachmate made no
changes to the relationship between SUSE (formerly Novell) and the openSUSE project.

1.2 Overview
The openSUSE Project community, sponsored by SUSE, develops and
maintains SUSE Linux distributions components. openSUSE Linux is the successor to
"SUSE Linux Professional".Beyond the distribution, the openSUSE Project provides a
web portal for community involvement. The community developing openSUSE
collaboratively with its corporate sponsors through the Open Build Service, writing
documentation, designing artwork, fostering discussion on open mailing lists and
in Internet Relay Chat channels, and improving the openSUSE site through
its wiki interface. openSUSE aims to offer a stable base and allow users to use the Open
Build Service to get additional or more up to date software, or even a rolling
release version with the name Tumbleweed. Moreover, the system should be flexible
and make it easy to re-purpose for specific goals like running a web- or mail server. Like
most Linux distributions, openSUSE includes both a default graphical user
interface (GUI) and a command line interface option. During installation, the user may
choose among KDE SC, GNOME, LXDE and Xfce GUIs. openSUSE supports thousands of
software packages across the full range of Free software / open source development.

1.3 Five Reasons to Try OpenSUSE13.2
1. Stability and Power
Stability is a key focus of the openSUSE project, and the base system of this
latest release is no exception. In addition, however, it adds better scalability and
performance and an enhanced boot process, among other improvements.
Based on version 2.6.37 of the Linux kernel, the software takes advantage of
numerous enhancements in that version, including better scalability of virtual
memory management and separation of terminal users' tasks. The new kernel also
brings additional hardware support, as I've noted before, including open Broadcom
wireless drivers and improved Wacom support.
Better 2D and 3D acceleration, meanwhile, result from the inclusion of improved
graphics drivers, the openSUSE project says.
With the ability to download simultaneously from multiple servers and to fetch only
the parts of files that have changed, openSUSE now also offers much faster
repository refreshments along with package installations and updates. A newly
bolstered boot process, meanwhile, supports VirtualBox and the SELinux security
framework.
2. Integrated So:ware Choices
OpenSUSE features the KDE Plasma Desktop 4.6 along with GNOME 2.32, Xfce
4.8 and LXDE 0.5 as alternatives. Also included is GNOME Shell, which will be part of
the forthcoming GNOME 3.
OpenOffice.org has been replaced with LibreOffice 3.3.1--making OpenSUSE the
first major distribution to ship the Document Foundation's new contender, the
project says--and both Firefox 4 and Scribus 1.4 are included as well.
All such software is deeply integrated for consistent functionality even in lighter-
weight desktops such as Xfce and LXDE, the openSUSE project says. Keyboard
shortcuts are set, for example, while menu layouts are tweaked and file associations
are user-friendly.

For improved integration of LibreOffice and Firefox into KDE Plasma, the operating
system uses native file dialogs and oxygen styling, and it respects the user's mail
client and browser choices.
3. Con/nuous Updates
Whereas traditionally users have had to rely on a set release cycle for updates
to their software, openSUSE introduces the new Tumbleweed rolling release
repository as an option. Tumbleweed contains the latest stable versions of software
such as Firefox and Thunderbird, making it easier for users to stay up to date.
4. Administra/ve Tools
Targeting administrators and developers, OpenSUSE ships the latest
virtualization and Web server stacks along with "all the major development
languages, platforms and associated IDEs," the project says. Included among the
additions, for example, are Xen 4.0.2, VirtualBox 4.0.4 and KVM 0.14 for
virtualization and Apache 2.2.17, Lighttpd 1.4.26 and Ngninx 0.8.54 on the Web
server side.
Version 9.0.3 of PostgreSQL, the MySQL 5.1.53 community edition and the MariaDB
5.1 fork are also included.
5. The Freedom of Linux
Last but definitely not least are all the myriad benefits you get when you use
most any version of Linux, including the freedom to modify the software to suit your
business, the freedom from vendor lock-in, the freedom from
rampant malware and the freedom from exorbitant costs.
Opensuse 13.2 with new tool of desktop and at variance other version
opensuse doesn't suffer from any problem therefore we don't find any drawback on
it

1.4 What features does openSUSE offer
• Full desktop operating system
openSUSE has everything you need to do your work and play. Browse the
web, send email, be online in social, write documents, and much more; all (for)
free.
• Full office suite included
Use LibreOffice to create professional-looking documents, spreadsheets,
presentations and more. With LibreOffice, you can work on office documents
created with other office suites.
• Enjoy your Internet experience, worry-free
Forget worrying about viruses and spyware. openSUSE has none, period.
And the included Firefoxweb browser alerts you to known phishing websites,
helping protect you from scams and identity thieves.
• Have fun with media
Play your music, podcasts, and videos with Banshee and Amarok. Organize,
edit, share, and fool around with your photos with F-Spot or DigiKam; make new
photos of yourself and your friends with Cheese.
• Live mobile
openSUSE works great on laptops and on personal handheld devices. So you
don't have to be tied down to be working or having fun with openSUSE!
• Simply change
Are you coming from another operating system and want to be free with
Linux? There are tons of application equivalents.
• We back you up
openSUSE products are backed with free software updates for 18
months after release. The openSUSE community is also helpful and ready if you
have any questions or problems with openSUSE.

• Full and accurate source
openSUSE products allow developers to retrieve the
distributed binary package. The
available online, further information on how to get them is
1.5 Feature highlights
openSUSE 13.2 is...
Stabilized
A lot of hard work has been put into improving openSUSE via
automated testing tool which helps ensure the latest
full of any nasty surprises for end users. 13.2 also comes with the shiny new Btrfs
as the default filesystem for the root partition and the tried and tested XFS for
/home. The new 3.16 Linux kernel also comes with several new st
like detecting if your Dell Latitude
the YaST codebase has matured after being ported to Ruby meaning that it is
more responsive and reliable than ever.
Networked
This release comes with AppArmor 2.9 enabled by default which means more
security for any applications that have an AppArmor profile set to enforce mode.
There are also updated packages for various net
and more.
Evolved
openSUSE 13.2 comes with GCC 4.8 and the option to install the newer GCC 4.9,
5.3which brings lots of improvements to the Qt5
option of installing the brand new
Polished
In this release the YaST port to Ruby has matured to a point whe
is now reliable and full of the fantastic features you expect from
source code
products allow developers to retrieve the exact source
distributed binary package. The complete sources for openSUSE products are
, further information on how to get them is available
A lot of hard work has been put into improving openSUSE via
automated testing tool which helps ensure the latest openSUSE releases are not
/home. The new 3.16 Linux kernel also comes with several new stability features
Latitude laptop is falling (to the ground)
responsive and reliable than ever.
There are also updated packages for various network tools like Samba, AutoYaST
openSUSE 13.2 comes with GCC 4.8 and the option to install the newer GCC 4.9,
which brings lots of improvements to the Qt5 framework. You also have the
new (but still in testing) Plasma 5.
In this release the YaST port to Ruby has matured to a point where the codebase
source code of each
for openSUSE products are
available.
A lot of hard work has been put into improving openSUSE via openQA the
openSUSE releases are not
ability features
ground). Additionally,
work tools like Samba, AutoYaST
openSUSE 13.2 comes with GCC 4.8 and the option to install the newer GCC 4.9, Qt
framework. You also have the
re the codebase

YaST. ActiveDoc continues to be used as the place to find documentation on
various tools you are bound to encounter in the Linu
features KDE Applications 4.14
desktop environment as the KDE project continues to port code to KDE
Frameworks 5. Meanwhile
3.14. LXDE has been revamped for this release with up to date packages,
improved artwork, lots of bug fixes and new features.
Faster
Linux 3.16 comes with improvements for Nouveau the open source driver
for NVIDIA cards as well as more features for Intel and AMD
kernel also improves the performance of Btrfs and XFS.
Feature-full
KDE Plasma Desktop now comes with support for integrating with your
mobile devices via theKDE Connect
means you get tons of new features
possible!. YaST also comes with a new Qt interface as well as having been ported
to Qt5.
Innovative
This release comes with a number of experimental technologies to try out,
such as Wayland 1.4, KDE Frameworks 5, bleeding edge software available on
the Build Service and a brand new colour scheme for the distro
continues to be used as the place to find documentation on
various tools you are bound to encounter in the Linux world. 13.2 also
4.14 and Plasma Desktop 4.11 which will form stable
Frameworks 5. Meanwhile the GNOME desktop comes with
evamped for this release with up to date packages,
improved artwork, lots of bug fixes and new features.
for NVIDIA cards as well as more features for Intel and AMD graphics. This new
kernel also improves the performance of Btrfs and XFS.
Connect package. The new default Btrfs filesystem
features many which you may have never thought
and a brand new colour scheme for the distro
continues to be used as the place to find documentation on
x world. 13.2 also
and Plasma Desktop 4.11 which will form stable
desktop comes with version
evamped for this release with up to date packages,
graphics. This new
e. The new default Btrfs filesystem
many which you may have never thought

1.6 Installed Applications
Here's a list of applications used to perform common tasks, they're all installed
by default and are all high quality, but naturally you can replace them with
alternatives if you wish.
1. Surf the Web with Firefox
Mozilla Firefox is the default web browser.
It's one of the world's leading web browsers.
Alternatives to consider: Rekonq, Opera,
Chromium, Konqueror
2. Office Productivity with LibreOffice
LibreOffice is a complete off
with word processing, spreadsheets,
presentation, drawing and more. It's very
compatible with Microsoft Office
Alternatives to consider: Calligra,
Abiword
Installed Applications
are all high quality, but naturally you can replace them with
Surf the Web with Firefox
Mozilla Firefox is the default web browser.
It's one of the world's leading web browsers.
Alternatives to consider: Rekonq, Opera,
Office Productivity with LibreOffice
LibreOffice is a complete office suite
spreadsheets,
presentation, drawing and more. It's very
compatible with Microsoft Office
Alternatives to consider: Calligra,
are all high quality, but naturally you can replace them with

3. Listen to Music with Amarok
Amarok is a feature rich music
player that handles your music,
podcasts, portable music player or iPod
etc. Read about codec installation in a
later chapter.
Alternatives to consider: Clementine,
JuK, Qmmp
4. Watch Video with Kaffeine
Kaffeine plays videos and DVDs
even TV if you have a digital TV
(dvb). Read about codec installation in a
later chapter.
Alternatives to consider: VLC, SMPlayer,
UMPlayer
Listen to Music with Amarok
Amarok is a feature rich music
player that handles your music,
podcasts, portable music player or iPod
etc. Read about codec installation in a
Alternatives to consider: Clementine,
Watch Video with Kaffeine
Kaffeine plays videos and DVDs - and
even TV if you have a digital TV-card
(dvb). Read about codec installation in a
Alternatives to consider: VLC, SMPlayer,

5. Image Editing with GIMP
GIMP (GNU Image Manipulation
Program) is a very powerful image
editing application
Alternatives to consider: Gwenview
(only very basic editing)
6. E-mail, Calendar, News feeds and more with Kontact
Kontact is a fullblown PIM
(personal information management)
suite, combining e-mail, calendar,
news feeds, addressbook and more in
one place. Each of the Kontact
components (KMail, KOrganizer,
Akregator etc.) can also be used as
standalone applications
Alternatives to consider: Moz
Thunderbird
Image Editing with GIMP
(GNU Image Manipulation
Program) is a very powerful image
Alternatives to consider: Gwenview
mail, Calendar, News feeds and more with Kontact
Kontact is a fullblown PIM
(personal information management)
mail, calendar,
news feeds, addressbook and more in
one place. Each of the Kontact
components (KMail, KOrganizer,
Akregator etc.) can also be used as
Alternatives to consider: Mozilla
mail, Calendar, News feeds and more with Kontact

Chapter Two
H.W Support &
INSTALLATION

First:- Before installation we must know system Requirement..
Second:- When you burn the downloaded ISO files to a DVD it's important to remember
to burn them as ISOs/images with your CD/DVD writer software, or the media won't be
bootable.
https://www.opensuse.org/en/Download opensuse :
2.1 Hardware Support
System Minimum Requirements
• CPU: Pentium III 500 MHz or higher processor (Pentium 4 2.4 GHz or higher
or any AMD64 or Intel64 processor recommended)
• RAM: 1 GB physical RAM (2 GB recommended)
• Disk Space: 5,0 GB for a normal installation (more recommended)
• Sound and Graphics Card: Most modern cards are supported
2.2 Installation
2.2.1 The Installation without any Operating System
When you're ready, insert the DVD and (re)start the computer. We will see…
-Welcome Screen.

Start Installation-
Language, Keyboard and Licence-
rights. It doesn't require yourThe licence agreement is only to inform you of your
anguage and keyboard layout are.Check that lacceptance, since it doesn't limit your use
on products,-Here you choose to add online repositories or include addas desired.
usually will just click "Next". Online repositories can be added in the installed system
later.

Installation Options-
Partitioning-
By default openSUSE will propose to create three new partitions / (root) for system files,
/home/ for personal files of users and swap which is used as a supplement for RAM,
similar to the page file in MS Windows.

Don't worry about all the sub volumes created, these are just technicalities of the Btrfs
file system, and not "real" partitions, that normal users should need to worry about.
If you're performing a dual boot installation, pay extra attention, to make sure everything
is as desired.
Note that Linux labels disks/partitions using the following scheme - sda1 is first partition
on the first disk, sdb3 is the third partition on the second disk, and so forth. Partitions that
will be formatted are written in red text.
Clock and Time Zone-
here.zoneSet the time
Desktop Selection-

Various different graphical user interfaces (desktop environments) exist for GNU/Linux.
KDE is preselected and is preferred by about 70% of openSUSE users and is also the
focus of this guide.
Under "Other" you can select LXDE, Xfce, minimal graphical environment (IceWM)
and even a text based system which is useful for servers.
Create New User-
Now it's time to create your user. Note that by default the root user (administrator)
password will be the same as the password for the normal user.
If you want the added security of a separate root password, consider unchecking that
checkbox. You may also want to consider disabling auto login to prevent people from
easily accessing your system and data.
Installation Settings-

this is the point of no return!-Double check that everything is as desired
Actual Installation-
Now the actual installation is performed. When it's done the system will reboot and be
ready to use.

2.2.2 The Installation
Machine)
Virtual Box is deceptively simple yet also very
everywhere from small embedded systems or desktop c
up to datacenter deployments and even Cloud
-First download and setup virtual box on your computer (free on site)
h=p://ww35.virtualbox.com
open virtual box and create a new virtual machine-
Memory size-
The Installation With Virtual Box (Virtual
Box is deceptively simple yet also very powerful. It can run
from small embedded systems or desktop class machines all the way
deployments and even Cloud
virtual box on your computer (free on site)
open virtual box and create a new virtual machine
(Virtual
powerful. It can run
lass machines all the way
deployments and even Cloud environments.

Select the amount of memory (ram) in megabytes to be allocated to virtual machine.
Hard drive-
Click on create
Hard drive file-
Select hard drive file type

Choice storage On Physical Hard Drive-
File Location and Size-
Select the name of Virtual Hard Drive File & Size of It
Select isoimage file that we download it or from disc of openSuse-

After this step, opensuse will run..and we make the same steps of installation
That we make before.
2.2.3 Install OpenSuse With another Opera/on
System (Dual Boot)
First we must install Windows 7 Before OpenSuse, and then make boot For
opensuse. The first step is same in any installation but when we reach this step we
should change the place ..
Setup…PartitionCreate
Nextand click)experts(forPartitioningCustomChoose

Right-click on the DRIVE where you want to install openSUSE and choose Add Partition
Make a swap partition, 2-4 GB is fine.
Below are the options I use. Ext4 for file system, noatime, discard (=trim)

This next step is critical as your system will not boot without it. Right-click on the Windows EFI boot
partition and choose Edit
partitionMountChoose
/boot/efiChoose
FinishClick
AcceptclickDone?

Last chance to bail…
NextClick
disabled here:I don’t use Secure Boot. It can be

Now we can choice between windows 7 and OpensuseNow we can choice between windows 7 and Opensuse.

2.3 Hard Disk Partition
Sophisticated system configurations require specific disk setups. All common
partitioning tasks can be done with YaST. To get persistent device naming with
block devices, use the block devices below /dev/disk/by-idor /dev/disk/by-uuid.
Logical Volume Management (LVM) is a disk partitioning scheme that is designed to
be much more flexible than the physical partitioning used in standard setups. Its
snapshot functionality enables easy creation of data backups. Redundant Array of
Independent Disks (RAID) offers increased data integrity, performance, and fault
tolerance. openSUSE also supports multipath I/O (see the chapter about multipath
I/O in Storage Administration Guide), and there is also the option to use iSCSI as a
networked disk.
Using the YaST Partitioner
With the expert partitioner, shown in Figure , “The YaST Partitioner”,
manually modify the partitioning of one or several hard disks. Partitions can be
added, deleted, resized, and edited. Also access the soft RAID and LVM configuration
from this YaST module.
Repartitioning the Running System
Although it is possible to repartition your system while it is running, the risk
of making a mistake that causes data loss is very high. Try to avoid repartitioning
your installed system and always do a complete backup of your data before
attempting to do so.

All existing or suggested partitions on all connected hard disks are displayed in the
list of Available Storage in the YaST Expert Partitioner dialog. Entire hard disks are
listed as devices without numbers, such as /dev/sda. Partitions are listed as parts of
these devices, such as /dev/sda1. The size, type, encryption status, file system, and
mount point of the hard disks and their partitions are also displayed. The mount
point describes where the partition appears in the Linux file system tree.
Several functional views are available on the lefthand System View. Use these views
to gather information about existing storage configurations, or to configure
functions like RAID, Volume Management, Crypt Files, or NFS.
If you run the expert dialog during installation, any free hard disk space is also listed
and automatically selected. To provide more disk space to openSUSE, free the
needed space starting from the bottom toward the top of the list (starting from the
last partition of a hard disk toward the first). For example, if you have three
partitions, you cannot use the second exclusively for openSUSE and retain the third
and first for other operating systems.
Partition Types
Every hard disk has a partition table with space for four entries. Every entry in the
partition table corresponds to a primary partition or an extended partition. Only
one extended partition entry is allowed, however.
A primary partition simply consists of a continuous range of cylinders (physical disk
areas) assigned to a particular operating system. With primary partitions you would
be limited to four partitions per hard disk, because more do not fit in the partition
table. This is why extended partitions are used. Extended partitions are also
continuous ranges of disk cylinders, but an extended partition may be divided
into logical partitions itself. Logical partitions do not require entries in the partition
table. In other words, an extended partition is a container for logical partitions.
If you need more than four partitions, create an extended partition as the fourth
partition (or earlier). This extended partition should occupy the entire remaining
free cylinder range. Then create multiple logical partitions within the extended
partition. The maximum number of logical partitions is 15 on SCSI, SATA, and
Firewire disks and 63 on (E)IDE disks. It does not matter which types of partitions
are used for Linux. Primary and logical partitions both function normally.
Creating a Partition
To create a partition from scratch select Hard Disks and then a hard disk with free
space. The actual modification can be done in the Partitions tab:

1. Select Add. If several hard disks are connected, a selection dialog appears in
which select a hard disk for the new partition.
2. Specify the partition type (primary or extended). Create up to four primary
partitions or up to three primary partitions and one extended partition.
Within the extended partition, create several logical partitions
3. Select the file system to use and a mount point. YaST suggests a mount point
for each partition created. To use a different mount method, like mount by
label, select Fstab Options.
4. Specify additional file system options if your setup requires them. This is
necessary, for example, if you need persistent device names. For details on the
available options, refer to Section 3.1.3, “Editing a Partition”.
5. Click Finish to apply your partitioning setup and leave the partitioning
module.
If you created the partition during installation, you are returned to the
installation overview screen.
Editing a Partition
When you create a new partition or modify an existing partition, you can set
various parameters. For new partitions, the default parameters set by YaST are
usually sufficient and do not require any modification. To edit your partition setup
manually, proceed as follows:
1. Select the partition.
2. Click Edit to edit the partition and set the parameters:
File System ID
Even if you do not want to format the partition at this stage, assign it a file
system ID to ensure that the partition is registered correctly. Possible values
include Linux, Linux swap, Linux LVM, andLinux RAID.
File System
To change the partition file system, click Format Partition and select file
system type in the File System list.
For details on the various file systems, refer to Storage Administration Guide.
Encrypt Device

If you activate the encryption, all data is written to the hard disk in encrypted
form. This increases the security of sensitive data, but reduces the system
speed, as the encryption takes some time to process. More information about
the encryption of file systems is provided in Chapter 11,Encrypting Partitions
and Files (↑Security Guide).
Fstab Options
Specify various parameters contained in the global file system administration
file (/etc/fstab). The default settings should suffice for most setups. You can,
for example, change the file system identification from the device name to a
volume label. In the volume label, use all characters except/ and space.
To get persistent devices names, use the mount option Device
ID, UUID or LABEL. In openSUSE, persistent device names are enabled by
default.
When using the mount option LABEL to mount a partition, define an
appropriate label for the selected partition. For example, you could use the
partition label HOME for a partition intended to mount to /home.
If you intend to use quotas on the file system, use the mount option Enable
Quota Support. This must be done before you can define quotas for users in
the YaST User Management module. For further information on how to
configure user quota
Mount Point
Specify the directory where the partition should be mounted in the file system
tree. Select from YaST suggestions or enter any other name.
3. Select Finish to save the changes.
Expert Options
After you select a hard disk device (like sda) in the System View pane, you can access
the Expert... menu in the lower right part of the Expert Partitioner window. The
menu contains the following commands:
Create New Partition Table
This option helps you create a new partition table on the selected device.

.
Advanced Options
After you select the hostname of the computer (the top-level of the tree in
the System View pane), you can access the Configure... menu in the lower right part
of the Expert Partitioner window. The menu contains the following commands:
Configure iSCSI
To access SCSI over IP block devices, you first have to configure iSCSI. This
results in additionally available devices in the main partition list.
Configure Multipath
Selecting this option helps you configure the multipath enhancement to the
supported mass storage devices.
More Partitioning Tips
The following section includes a few hints and tips on partitioning that should help
you make the right decisions when setting up your system.
Using swap
Swap is used to extend the available physical memory. It is then possible to use
more memory than physical RAM available. The memory management system of
kernels before 2.4.10 needed swap as a safety measure. Then, if you did not have
twice the size of your RAM in swap, the performance of the system suffered. These
limitations no longer exist.
Linux uses a page called “Least Recently Used” (LRU) to select pages that might be
moved from memory to disk. Therefore, running applications have more memory
available and caching works more smoothly.
If an application tries to allocate the maximum allowed memory, problems with
swap can arise. There are three major scenarios to look at:
System with no swap
The application gets the maximum allowed memory. All caches are freed, and
thus all other running applications are slowed. After a few minutes, the
kernel's out-of-memory kill mechanism activates and kills the process.

System with medіum sized swap (128 MB–512 MB)
At first, the system slows like a system without swap. After all physical RAM
has been allocated, swap space is used as well. At this point, the system
becomes very slow and it becomes impossible to run commands from remote.
Depending on the speed of the hard disks that run the swap space, the system
stays in this condition for about 10 to 15 minutes until the out-of-memory kill
mechanism resolves the issue. Note that you will need a certain amount of
swap if the computer needs to perform a “suspend to disk”. In that case, the
swap size should be large enough to contain the necessary data from memory
(512 MB–1GB).
System with lots of swap (several GB)
It is better to not have an application that is out of control and swapping
excessively in this case. If you use such application, the system will need many
hours to recover. In the process, it is likely that other processes get timeouts
and faults, leaving the system in an undefined state, even after killing the
faulty process. In this case, do a hard machine reboot and try to get it running
again. Lots of swap is only useful if you have an application that relies on this
feature. Such applications (like databases or graphics manipulation programs)
often have an option to directly use hard disk space for their needs. It is
advisable to use this option instead of using lots of swap space.
If your system is not out of control, but needs more swap after some time, it is
possible to extend the swap space online. If you prepared a partition for swap space,
just add this partition with YaST. If you do not have a partition available, you may
also just use a swap file to extend the swap. Swap files are generally slower than
partitions, but compared to physical ram, both are extremely slow so the actual
difference is negligible.
Adding a Swap File Manually
To add a swap file in the running system, proceed as follows:
1. Create an empty file in your system. For example, if you want to add a swap
Qile with 128 MB swap at/var/lib/swap/swapfile, use the commands:
2. mkdir -p /var/lib/swap
dd if=/dev/zero of=/var/lib/swap/swapQile bs=1M count=128
3. Initialize this swap file with the command
mkswap /var/lib/swap/swapfile

4. Activate the swap with the command
swapon /var/lib/swap/swapfile
To disable this swap file, use the command
swapoff /var/lib/swap/swapfile
5. Check the current available swap spaces with
cat /proc/swaps
Note that at this point, it is only temporary swap space. After the next reboot,
it is no longer utilized.
6. To enable this swap file permanently, add the following line to
/var/lib/swap/swapQile swap swap defaults 0
Partitioning and LVM
From the Expert partitioner, access the LVM configuration by clicking the
Management item in theSystem View
already exists on your system, it is automatically activated upon enteri
LVM configuration of a session. In this case, all disks containing a partition
(belonging to an activated volume group) cannot be repartitioned. The Linux kernel
cannot reread the modified partition table of a hard disk when any partition on
disk is in use. However, if you already have a working LVM configuration on your
system, physical repartitioning should not be necessary. Instead, change the
configuration of the logical volumes.
At the beginning of the physical volumes (PVs), inform
written to the partition. To reuse such a partition for other non
advisable to delete the beginning of this volume. For example, in the VG
PV /dev/sda2, do this with the command
count=1.
File System for Booting
The file system used for booting (the root file system or
stored on an LVM logical volume. Instead, store it on a normal physical partition.
Activate the swap with the command
swapon /var/lib/swap/swapfile
To disable this swap file, use the command
swapoff /var/lib/swap/swapfile
Check the current available swap spaces with the command
To enable this swap file permanently, add the following line to /etc/fstab
/var/lib/swap/swapQile swap swap defaults 0 0
, access the LVM configuration by clicking the
System View pane. However, if a working LVM configuration
already exists on your system, it is automatically activated upon enteri
cannot reread the modified partition table of a hard disk when any partition on
configuration of the logical volumes.
At the beginning of the physical volumes (PVs), information about the volume is
written to the partition. To reuse such a partition for other non-LVM purposes, it is
advisable to delete the beginning of this volume. For example, in the VG
, do this with the command dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda2 bs=512
File System for Booting
The file system used for booting (the root file system or /boot) must not be
/etc/fstab:
, access the LVM configuration by clicking the Volume
pane. However, if a working LVM configuration
already exists on your system, it is automatically activated upon entering the initial
cannot reread the modified partition table of a hard disk when any partition on this
ation about the volume is
LVM purposes, it is
advisable to delete the beginning of this volume. For example, in the VG system and
ev/sda2 bs=512
) must not be

For more details about LVM, see the Storage
LVM Configuration
This section briefly describes the principles behind the Logical Volume Manager
(LVM) and its multipurpose features.
set up LVM with YaST.
The Logical Volume Manager
The LVM enables flexible distribution of hard disk space over several file systems. It
was developed because sometimes the need to change the segmenting of hard disk
space arises just after the initial partitioning has been done. Because it
modify partitions on a running system, LVM provides a virtual pool (volume group,
VG for short) of memory space from which logical volumes (LVs) can be created as
needed. The operating system accesses these LVs instead of the physical parti
Volume groups can occupy more than one disk, so that several disks or parts of
them may constitute one single VG. This way, LVM provides a kind of abstraction
from the physical disk space that allows its segmentation to be changed in a much
easier and safer way than with physical repartitioning. Background information
regarding physical partitioning can be found in
Types” and Section 3.1, “Using the
Figure 3.2. Physical Partitioning versus LVM
For more details about LVM, see the Storage Administration Guide.
(LVM) and its multipurpose features. , “LVM Configuration with YaST”
space arises just after the initial partitioning has been done. Because it
needed. The operating system accesses these LVs instead of the physical parti
nd safer way than with physical repartitioning. Background information
regarding physical partitioning can be found inSection 3.1.1, “Partition
3.1, “Using the YaST Partitioner”.
Physical Partitioning versus LVM¶
, “LVM Configuration with YaST”, learn how to
space arises just after the initial partitioning has been done. Because it is difficult to
needed. The operating system accesses these LVs instead of the physical partitions.
nd safer way than with physical repartitioning. Background information
3.1.1, “Partition

Figure 3.2, “Physical Partitioning versus LVM” compares physical partitioning (left)
with LVM segmentation (right). On the left side, one single disk has been divided
into three physical partitions (PART), each with a mount point (MP) assigned so
that the operating system can gain access. On the right side, two disks have been
divided into two and three physical partitions each. Two LVM volume groups (VG 1
and VG 2) have been deQined. VG 1 contains two partitions from DISK 1 and one
from DISK 2. VG 2 contains the remaining two partitions from DISK 2. In LVM, the
physical disk partitions that are incorporated in a volume group are called physical
volumes (PVs). Within the volume groups, four LVs (LV 1 through LV 4) have been
defined. They can be used by the operating system via the associated mount points.
The border between different LVs do not need to be aligned with any partition
border. See the border between LV 1 and LV 2 in this example.
LVM features:
• Several hard disks or partitions can be combined in a large logical volume.
• Provided the configuration is suitable, an LV (such as /usr) can be enlarged if
free space is exhausted.
• With LVM, it is possible to add hard disks or LVs in a running system.
However, this requires hot-swappable hardware.
• It is possible to activate a "striping mode" that distributes the data stream of a
LV over several PVs. If these PVs reside on different disks, the read and write
performance is enhanced, as with RAID 0.
• The snapshot feature enables consistent backups (especially for servers) of
the running system.
With these features, LVM is ready for heavily used home PCs or small servers. LVM
is well-suited for the user with a growing data stock (as in the case of databases,
music archives, or user directories). This would allow file systems that are larger
than the physical hard disk. Another advantage of LVM is that up to 256 LVs can be
added. However, working with LVM is different from working with conventional
partitions. Instructions and further information about configuring LVM is available
in the official LVM HOWTO athttp://tldp.org/HOWTO/LVM-HOWTO/.
Starting from Kernel version 2.6, LVM version 2 is available, which is backward-
compatible with the previous LVM and enables the continued management of old
volume groups. When creating new volume groups, decide whether to use the new
format or the backward-compatible version. LVM 2 does not require any kernel
patches. It makes use of the device mapper integrated in kernel 2.6. This kernel only
supports LVM version 2. Therefore, when talking about LVM, this section always
refers to LVM version 2.

3.2.2. LVM Configuration with YaST
The YaST LVM configuration can be reached from the YaST Expert Partitioner
(see Section 3.1, “Using the YaST Partitioner”
in the System View pane. The Expert Partitioner allows you to edit and delete
existing partitions and also create new ones that need to be used with LVM. The first
task is to create PVs that provide space to a volume group:
1. Select a hard disk from Hard Disks
2. Change to the Partitions tab.
3. Click Add and enter the desired size of the PV on this disk.
4. Use Do not format partition
Do not mount this partition.
5. Repeat this procedure until you have defined all the desired physical volumes
on the available disks.
3.2.2.1. Creating Volume Groups
If no volume group exists on your system, you must add one (see
“Creating a Volume Group”). It is possible to create additional groups by
on Volume Management in the System View
single volume group is usually sufficient.
1. Enter a name for the VG, for example,
2. Select the desired Physical Extend Size
block in the volume group. All the disk space in a volume group is handled in
blocks of this size.
The possible size of an LV depends on the block size used in the volume group.
The default is 4 MB and allows for
LVs. The physical size should be increased, for example, to 8, 16, or 32
need LVs larger than 256 GB.
3. Add the prepared PVs to the VG by selecting the device and clicking on
Selecting several devices is possible by holding
devices.
4. Select Finish to make the VG available to further configuration steps.
Figure 3.3. Creating a Volume Group
LVM Configuration with YaST¶
YaST LVM configuration can be reached from the YaST Expert Partitioner
3.1, “Using the YaST Partitioner”) within the Volume Management
pane. The Expert Partitioner allows you to edit and delete
Vs that provide space to a volume group:
Hard Disks.
tab.
and enter the desired size of the PV on this disk.
Do not format partition and change the File System ID to 0x8E Linux LVM
t this partition.
Repeat this procedure until you have defined all the desired physical volumes
Creating Volume Groups¶
If no volume group exists on your system, you must add one (see
). It is possible to create additional groups by
System View pane, and then onAdd Volume Group
single volume group is usually sufficient.
Enter a name for the VG, for example, system.
Physical Extend Size. This value defines the size of a
Logical Volumes and Block Sizes
MB and allows for a maximum size of 256 GB for physical and
LVs. The physical size should be increased, for example, to 8, 16, or 32
need LVs larger than 256 GB.
Add the prepared PVs to the VG by selecting the device and clicking on
devices is possible by holding Ctrl while selecting the
to make the VG available to further configuration steps.
Creating a Volume Group¶
YaST LVM configuration can be reached from the YaST Expert Partitioner
Volume Management item
pane. The Expert Partitioner allows you to edit and delete
0x8E Linux LVM.
Repeat this procedure until you have defined all the desired physical volumes
If no volume group exists on your system, you must add one (see Figure 3.3,
). It is possible to create additional groups by clicking
Add Volume Group. One
. This value defines the size of a physical
Logical Volumes and Block Sizes
a maximum size of 256 GB for physical and
LVs. The physical size should be increased, for example, to 8, 16, or 32 MB, if you
Add the prepared PVs to the VG by selecting the device and clicking on Add.
while selecting the
to make the VG available to further configuration steps.

If you have multiple volume groups defined and want to add or remove PVs, select
the volume group in theVolume Management list. Then change to the Overview tab
and select Resize. In the following window, you can add or remove PVs to the
selected volume group.
Configuring Logical Volumes¶
After the volume group has been filled with PVs, define the LVs which the operating
system should use in the next dialog. Choose the current volume group and change

to the Logical Volumes tab. Add, Edit, Resize, andDelete LVs as needed until all space
in the volume group has been occupied. Assign at least one LV to each volume
group.
Figure . Logical Volume Management
Click Add and go through the wizard-like pop-up that opens:
1. Enter the name of the LV. For a partition that should be mounted to /home, a
self-explanatory name likeHOME could be used.
2. Select the size and the number of stripes of the LV. If you have only one PV,
selecting more than one stripe is not useful.
3. Choose the filesystem to use on the LV as well as the mount point.

By using stripes it is possible to distribute the data stream in the LV among several
PVs (striping). However, striping a volume can only be done over different PVs, each
providing at least the amount of space of the volume. The maximum number of
stripes equals to the number of PVs, where Stripe "1" means "no striping". Striping
only makes sense with PVs on different hard disks, otherwise performance will
decrease.
If you have already configured LVM on your system, the existing logical volumes can
also be used. Before continuing, assign appropriate mount points to these LVs.
With Finish, return to the YaST Expert Partitioner and finish your work there.
Soft RAID Configuration
The purpose of RAID (redundant array of independent disks) is to combine several
hard disk partitions into one large virtual hard disk to optimize performance and/or
data security. Most RAID controllers use the SCSI protocol because it can address a
larger number of hard disks in a more effective way than the IDE protocol. It is also
more suitable for the parallel command processing. There are some RAID
controllers that support IDE or SATA hard disks. Soft RAID provides the advantages
of RAID systems without the additional cost of hardware RAID controllers.
However, this requires some CPU time and has memory requirements that make it
unsuitable for high performance computers.
With openSUSE® , you can combine several hard disks into one soft RAID system.
RAID implies several strategies for combining several hard disks in a RAID system,
each with different goals, advantages, and characteristics. These variations are
commonly known as RAID levels.
Common RAID levels are:
RAID 0
This level improves the performance of your data access by spreading out
blocks of each file across multiple disk drives. Actually, this is not really a
RAID, because it does not provide data backup, but the name RAID 0 for this
type of system is commonly used. With RAID 0, two or more hard disks are
pooled together. Performance is enhanced, but the RAID system is destroyed
and your data lost if even one hard disk fails.
RAID 1
This level provides adequate security for your data, because the data is copied
to another hard disk 1:1. This is known as hard disk mirroring. If one disk is

destroyed, a copy of its contents is available on the other one. All disks but
one could be damaged without endangering your data. However, if the
damage is not detected, the damaged data can be mirrored to the undamaged
disk. This could result in the same loss of data. The writing performance
suffers in the copying process compared to using single disk access (10 to 20
% slower), but read access is significantly faster in comparison to any one of
the normal physical hard disks. The reason is that the duplicate data can be
parallel-scanned. Generally it can be said that Level 1 provides nearly twice
the read transfer rate of single disks and almost the same write transfer rate
as single disks.
RAID 2 and RAID 3
These are not typical RAID implementations. Level 2 stripes data at the bit
level rather than the block level. Level 3 provides byte-level striping with a
dedicated parity disk, and cannot service simultaneous multiple requests.
These levels are rarely used.
RAID 4
Level 4 provides block-level striping just like Level 0 combined with a
dedicated parity disk. In the case of data disk failure, the parity data is used to
create a replacement disk. However, the parallel disk may create a bottleneck
for write access.
RAID 5
RAID 5 is an optimized compromise between Level 0 and Level 1, in terms of
performance and redundancy. The hard disk space equals the number of disks
used minus one. The data is distributed over the hard disks as with
RAID 0. Parity blocks, created on one of the partitions, exist for security
reasons. They are linked to each other with XOR, enabling the contents to be
reconstructed by the corresponding parity block in case of system failure.
With RAID 5, no more than one hard disk can fail at the same time. If one hard
disk fails, it must be replaced as soon as possible to avoid the risk of losing
data.
Other RAID Levels
Several other RAID levels have been developed (RAIDn, RAID 10, RAID 0+1,
RAID 30, RAID 50, etc.), some of them being proprietary implementations
created by hardware vendors. These levels are not very common and
therefore are not explained here.

Soft RAID Configuration with YaST
The YaST RAID configuration can be reached from the YaST Expert Partitioner,
described in Section 3.1, “Using the YaST Partitioner”. This partitioning tool enables
you to edit and delete existing partitions and create new ones to be used with soft
RAID:
1. Select a hard disk from Hard Disks.
2. Change to the Partitions tab.
3. Click Add and enter the desired size of the raid partition on this disk.
4. Use Do not Format the Partition and change the File System ID to 0xFD Linux
RAID. Do not mount this partition.
5. Repeat this procedure until you have defined all the desired physical volumes
on the available disks.
For RAID 0 and RAID 1, at least two partitions are needed—for RAID 1, usually
exactly two and no more. If RAID 5 is used, at least three partitions are required. It is
recommended to utilize partitions of the same size only. The RAID partitions should
be located on different hard disks to decrease the risk of losing data if one is
defective (RAID 1 and 5) and to optimize the performance of RAID 0. After creating
all the partitions to use with RAID, click RAID+Add RAID to start the RAID
configuration.
In the next dialog, choose between RAID levels 0, 1, 5, 6 and 10. Then, select all
partitions with either the“Linux RAID” or “Linux native” type that should be used by
the RAID system. No swap or DOS partitions are shown.
Figure . RAID Partitions

To add a previously unassigned partition to the selected RAID volume, first click the
partition then Add. Assign all partitions reserved for RAID. Otherwise, the space on
the partition remains unused. After assigning all partitions, click Next to select the
available RAID Options.
In this last step, set the file system to use as well as encryption and the mount point
for the RAID volume. After completing the configuration with Finish, see
the /dev/md0 device and others indicated with RAID in the expert partitioner.
Troubleshooting
Check the file /proc/mdstat to find out whether a RAID partition has been damaged.
In the event of a system failure, shut down your Linux system and replace the
defective hard disk with a new one partitioned the same way. Then restart your
system and enter the command mdadm /dev/mdX --add /dev/sdX. Replace 'X'
with your particular device identifiers. This integrates the hard disk automatically
into the RAID system and fully reconstructs it.

3.User Interface
3.1 Graphical User Interfaces (GUI)
You can customize nearly every last inch of your Linux installation to fit your
liking, and it starts with choosing the right desktop environment. Whether you're a
Linux beginner or you're just looking for a new interface, here's an overview of how
desktop environments work and how to pick the right one for you.
Windows and Mac OS X come with pretty specific graphical interfaces (you know,
the windows, the skin, the system toolbars, etc.) that aren't really built for
customization. With Linux, you can fully customize not only how your desktop
looks, but even its functionality, and the settings available in its preferences. If
you're a beginning Linux user, you may have heard of popular desktop
environments like GNOME, KDE, XFCE, Openbox, or others—but what do they all
mean? Here, we'll discuss what desktop environments are, and how to try new ones
out on your existing Linux installation.
What Are Window Managers and Desktop Environments?
While Windows and Mac OS X were designed around a GUI and, for the most part,
are fixed to that specific GUI, Linux's GUI is completely separate from the operating
line-system itself. It's split up into a few different parts: atop the command
tem is the X window system, which is what draws the GUI onto youroperating sys
screen. On top of that is what's called your window manager, which allows you to
manage the windows on your screen: move them around, drag and drop files, scroll
nup and down, and so o
X Window – Basic concepts
Often a new Linux user will read references to X Window. X Window (commonly
known as X11 or X) provides Linux PCs a graphical environment, in which
different graphical desktops can run (giving the user a graphical appearance that
is typical of the OS of modern computers, such as seen in the Mac, or in MS-
Windows). Without X Window one would only have a simple ascii prompt/shell

type environment on their Linux PC (with no graphics). In Linux X Window, to
obtain a user friendly Graphical User Environment (GUI), on top of X Window runs
a Window Manager or a Desktop Environment. In such a case an openSUSE Linux
user is then typically running their PC in what is referred to as run level 5. (Note in
a Mac and in MS-Windows, there is typically no such clear distinction between the
ASCII shell, and the upper level graphical environment, and hence Mac/MS-
Windows have only one GUI, while a Linux user can choose from many).
X Window - Aspects
X Window is very powerful, in that its architecture is deliberately structured, with
separate "client" and "server" aspects. For a one PC user, both the "client" and the
"server" run on the same PC (and hence the this client/server division is
transparent). But X Window is designed such that the "client" and "server" can be
run on different machines. Hence, for example, with X11 and the Secure Shell (ssh)
program (see below), an X Window application can run on a remote Linux PC, but
with the graphics window of the same application being displayed locally on a
"local" Linux PC. This is very useful for remote support/access not only on a LAN,
but also across the Internet
Four of the more popular desktops available for openSUSE are:
• KDE
• GNOME
There are also many other desktops available for openSUSE. We Take KDE Only
3.1.1 KDE
KDE Software Compilation is the innovative Free Software suite that
increases your pleasure and productivity
The default graphical environment on openSUSE is usually known as KDE. Its full
name is Plasma Workspace from the KDE Project. KDE is a modern, elegant, yet
powerful graphical user interface (GUI).
What makes KDE on openSUSE special?
• It has a team of dedicated engineers who spend much of their time fixing
bugs so you can rely on KDE.

• It has a large, active and highly experienced community team around it who
bring multiple points of view and different interests to the project so that
KDE on openSUSE meets many users' needs
• Through its innovation it stimulates the openSUSE distribution to develop,
evolve and progress
Obtain KDE Software on
KDE Software is preselected on installations from
click through the installation. If you prefer to save download time, burn the Live
KDE image to a CD or a USB stick
YaST Software Management.
Default Desktop
Plasma Desktop from KDE is the default workspace on openSUSE. It offers
you an elegant working environment that takes full advantage of your
computer's capabilities and the
in the way you want to work or play. It combines the power of
toolkit, with KDE's high-resolution, quality artwork, clean, unobtrusive themes,
powerful widgets, WebKit for online content and useful experience effects into a
consistent desktop that can be shaped in nearly limitless ways. The default
configuration provides a conventional desktop, but Plasma Desktop's flexible
design gives you the power to intuitiv
widgets.
Proven, Well-Integrated
As well as the workspace, the
applications, some of which have been constantly refined since the beginning of
the KDE project in 1996. KDE applications are easy to learn due to a consistent
look and feel and familiar design across applications. And KDE applications are
fast and reliable by virtue of a high degree of integration and sharing of
It has a large, active and highly experienced community team around it who
KDE on openSUSE meets many users' needs
innovation it stimulates the openSUSE distribution to develop,
on openSUSE
KDE Software is preselected on installations from the openSUSE
installation. If you prefer to save download time, burn the Live
stick - all the same software is available online via
from KDE is the default workspace on openSUSE. It offers
computer's capabilities and the latest technology developments to support you
in the way you want to work or play. It combines the power of Qt
resolution, quality artwork, clean, unobtrusive themes,
, WebKit for online content and useful experience effects into a
design gives you the power to intuitively arrange panels, menus, icons, and
Integrated Applications
As well as the workspace, the KDE Platform powers a wide
, some of which have been constantly refined since the beginning of
e by virtue of a high degree of integration and sharing of
It has a large, active and highly experienced community team around it who
innovation it stimulates the openSUSE distribution to develop,
openSUSE DVD, so just
installation. If you prefer to save download time, burn the Live
all the same software is available online via
from KDE is the default workspace on openSUSE. It offers
latest technology developments to support you
Qt, the leading
resolution, quality artwork, clean, unobtrusive themes,
, WebKit for online content and useful experience effects into a
ely arrange panels, menus, icons, and
wide range of
, some of which have been constantly refined since the beginning of
e by virtue of a high degree of integration and sharing of

components with each other and the workspace. These are the default tools
recommended by openSUSE for day-to-day tasks:
• Firefox Browser with KDE Integration: openSUSE's Firefox offers you the
familiarity of the popular browser along with improvements such as the KDE
file dialog for saving or uploading content, matching theming and useful
bookmarks
• LibreOffice with KDE Integration: The same attention to consistency
makes LibreOffice, the widely used office suite, fit right in with your desktop
• Dolphin File Manager gives you fast and powerful file management features
for your content, whether it's your hard disk, a memory stick or a remote
computer
• Okular Document Reader: Okular's wide file format support ensures that you
can read whatever is on your computer, and you won't want any other PDF
reader because of its lightning startup time and support for advanced
features such as PDF forms and highlighting
• Digikam Photo Management: Digikam is the most powerful photo manager
on Linux. It makes it easy to share your shots on photography and social
networking sites like Facebook, Flickr, PicasaWeb and SmugMug. Prolific
snappers can keep track of thousands of shots with its powerful tagging and
wide range of ways to search for images, and appreciate its high
performance when viewing thumbnails or editing images, and high-end
photographers recognise its strong support for many RAW formats and high-
bit depth editing
• Make yourself heard with Choqok and Blogilo : Choqok lets you broadcast
your thoughts to the Twitter and Identi.ca microblogging networks, and for
the serious blogger, Blogilo eases writer's block for Wordpress, Blogspot and
many other sites
• Music and Movies with Amarok and Kaffeine: Amarok manages the largest
music collections with ease, lets you watch the video in the YouTube widget
and shows you useful information about artists and lets you discover new
acts using its Web integration features. Kaffeine is the lightweight way to
watch movies and digital terrestrial TV
• Kontact Personal Information Manager: helps you stay on top of your email,
agenda and contacts in the office or at home with time-tested user interfaces
• Kopete Instant Messenger: Kopete (pronounced Kop-Eh-Teh) lets you
connect to all the popular Instant Messaging networks, including Facebook
Chat via the open XMPP protocol

As Linux is the Free operating system, there are naturally many alternatives
available to suit your taste, both from the KDE Software Collection (Konqueror,
KOffice) and from other providers. You can also
other desktop environments with no loss of functionality
openSUSE: KDE with Extra
While openSUSE strives to ship a Plasma experience that closely matches that
supplied by the KDE project, the collective experience of
openSUSE KDE team and feedback from the openSUSE KDE community allow us
to make some customizations to make it even better:
• KSUSEInstall helps you install additional
support or extra plugins that do not ship on the download media
• Attractive branding gives KDE openSUSE a distinctive look that harmonizes
with upstream artwork
• Sensible default configuration of desktop services gives you a high
performance desktop and speedy startup
• Including many fixes that have been made since KDE Software Compilation
4.4.4 was shipped
The Home of User Interface
As the first Free Software
constant development as well as an undiminished thirst to innovate
itself. KDE has been the home of many firsts on Linux, including desktop
interprocess communications, a common notification system for applications, a
shared address book, person
clipboard.
KDE on openSUSE aims to be the best platform for continued innovation for KDE
developers by offering great tools and publishing platform in the openSUSE Build
Service, and by constantly contributing directly to upstream KDE.
Installing KDE as the only desktop
KOffice) and from other providers. You can also use KDE applications under
other desktop environments with no loss of functionality.
Extra Krunch
supplied by the KDE project, the collective experience of
and feedback from the openSUSE KDE community allow us
to make some customizations to make it even better:
KSUSEInstall helps you install additional features such as multimedia
Attractive branding gives KDE openSUSE a distinctive look that harmonizes
Sensible default configuration of desktop services gives you a high
performance desktop and speedy startup
Including many fixes that have been made since KDE Software Compilation
Interface Innovation on Linux
Software desktop project, KDE brings you over 14 years of
constant development as well as an undiminished thirst to innovate
shared address book, person-centered Instant Messaging, and an enhanced
nSUSE aims to be the best platform for continued innovation for KDE
Service, and by constantly contributing directly to upstream KDE.
Installing KDE as the only desktop enviorment
use KDE applications under
supplied by the KDE project, the collective experience of the expert
and feedback from the openSUSE KDE community allow us
features such as multimedia
Attractive branding gives KDE openSUSE a distinctive look that harmonizes
Sensible default configuration of desktop services gives you a high-
Including many fixes that have been made since KDE Software Compilation
desktop project, KDE brings you over 14 years of
constant development as well as an undiminished thirst to innovate and improve
centered Instant Messaging, and an enhanced
nSUSE aims to be the best platform for continued innovation for KDE

If you’re looking for a way to install KDE5 during the OpenSUSE OS installation
there is a way. It takes a few steps but it works. I’ll explain how to do it below. As of
this writing it will install KDE 5.1 on OpenSUSE 13.2.
Make sure you have a network connection during the install because the options
you need don’t appear unless you add repos before installation. Fortunately the
OpenSUSE installer now has you set up a network connection before you do
anything else.
On this screen make sure you have “Add Online Repositories” checked off.
The default repos are all you need.

On this screen do not select any of the default desktop environments. Select
“Minimal X Window”.we select kde
On this screen click software.
Check off Plasma 5 base on the left. Here you should also search for
NetworkManager and install it as well. You might also want to check off some
other packages such as image viewers and PDF readers. Everything you need to
have a working OpenSUSE system with KDE 5.1 is selected already though.

Once you boot up you’ll have you’ll have a very minimal graphical interface. Log in
as Root. You will need to go into Yast and then click the /etc/sysconfig editor.
Go to Desktop > Display Manager > DISPLAY_MANAGER and set it to kdm.
Then go to Desktop > Window Manager > DEFAULT_WM and set it to plasma5.
That’s it. Restart your system and you’ll have OpenSUSE KDE5 without the bulk of
two full featured desktop environments.
3.1.2 Gnome
openSUSE 13.2 comes with the latest and greatest that the G
offer — GNOME 3.14. At the time of the release 13.2 offers GNOME 3.14.1, which
improves upon the user-experience of GNOME 3.10, that came with openSUSE 13.1,
several notches, featuring notably a much improved gnome
subtle animations and multi-touch gest
have all seen remarkable activity during the development of 3.14 (and earlier, 3.12),
focused on exciting features but also to make the desktop experience more unified
and consistent.
to Desktop > Window Manager > DEFAULT_WM and set it to plasma5.
two full featured desktop environments.
openSUSE 13.2 comes with the latest and greatest that the GNOME desktop has to
At the time of the release 13.2 offers GNOME 3.14.1, which
experience of GNOME 3.10, that came with openSUSE 13.1,
several notches, featuring notably a much improved gnome-shell with pretty
touch gestures for the first time. The core applications
to Desktop > Window Manager > DEFAULT_WM and set it to plasma5.
NOME desktop has to
At the time of the release 13.2 offers GNOME 3.14.1, which
experience of GNOME 3.10, that came with openSUSE 13.1,
shell with pretty-but-
ures for the first time. The core applications

At the heart of the GNOME experience is the much improved GNOME Shell,
handling such trifle as launching applications, switching between windows and
workspaces with the grace of a ballet dancer. Gnome
3.14.1 with openSUSE 13.2, has picked up the abi
gestures, including on touchscreens, to open the Activities overview, applications
overview and message tray, and to switch between windows and workspaces. In
addition, this latest version of the shell features a host of pret
animations that make working inside GNOME a real pleasure.
Typing in a search term in the gnome
for matching files, documents, notes, contacts, photos… and even features inline
calculations (just type in 22/7 and see for yourself)!
The applications overview now lists “Sundry” and “Utility” applications in
folders making the full list of applications less crowded and easier to navigate. In
an openSUSE-special touch, the YaST modules are all
its own, making it straightforward to launch any YaST module straight from the
shell.
Header-bars aka Client side window
The support for header-bars, that nifty combination of window
toolbar in one screen real-estate saving gem, which started with 3.10 (so you
should have seen a glimpse of this in openSUSE 13.1 already) has proliferated
into all major applications. Core applications such as text
eps/pdf viewer Evince, Music, Docu
addition header-bars have also picked up touchscreen support, so where one
could not previously move windows with header
now possible.
Is that a brand new video player?
Video player showing Apple Movie Trailers straight from the web
No, it is still totem, for long GNOME’s default media player in openSUSE. Except
now, in it’s 3.14 incarnation it has been completely revamped, now showing a list
of videos in your home directory when launched and allowing you to switch to a
list of online video channels at th
NOME experience is the much improved GNOME Shell,
workspaces with the grace of a ballet dancer. Gnome-shell, available at version
3.14.1 with openSUSE 13.2, has picked up the ability to respond to multi
addition, this latest version of the shell features a host of pret
animations that make working inside GNOME a real pleasure.
Typing in a search term in the gnome-shell’s activities overview now gives results
type in 22/7 and see for yourself)!
The applications overview now lists “Sundry” and “Utility” applications in
making the full list of applications less crowded and easier to navigate. In
special touch, the YaST modules are all classed into an app
window decorations
bars, that nifty combination of window
estate saving gem, which started with 3.10 (so you
into all major applications. Core applications such as text-editor GEdit, Notes,
eps/pdf viewer Evince, Music, Documents all benefit from this development. In
bars have also picked up touchscreen support, so where one
could not previously move windows with header-bars around by touch, this is
player?
showing Apple Movie Trailers straight from the web
, for long GNOME’s default media player in openSUSE. Except
list of online video channels at the touch of a button. The playback controls are
NOME experience is the much improved GNOME Shell,
shell, available at version
lity to respond to multi-touch
addition, this latest version of the shell features a host of pretty-but-subtle
shell’s activities overview now gives results
The applications overview now lists “Sundry” and “Utility” applications in app-
making the full list of applications less crowded and easier to navigate. In
classed into an app-folder of
bars, that nifty combination of window-header and
estate saving gem, which started with 3.10 (so you
editor GEdit, Notes,
ments all benefit from this development. In
bars have also picked up touchscreen support, so where one
bars around by touch, this is
, for long GNOME’s default media player in openSUSE. Except
e touch of a button. The playback controls are

now presented as a floating toolbar that automatically hides when you don’t need
it, allowing the currently playing video to take up maximum screen area. This
refined look carries over to the fullscreen view t
Behind the scenes (literally!), it still uses the trusted gstreamer backend (which
has got updates of its own since openSUSE 13.1), so the playback is still robust
and beautiful.
Revamped text editing
GEdit utilities menu
GEdit utilities menu
GEdit has a brand new look making use of latest GTK+ technologies including the
header-bar and an intuitive pop
recent documents really convenient. It keeps all its power and features from
previous versions but packs ev
In addition, the application Notes makes it easy to take quick notes without the
fuss of having explicitly save a text file for the purpose. It shows all your notes in
a convenient easy-to-navigate interface so
searching for where you saved the text file in your file system.
Geolocation support in apps
Geolocation enabled apps in GNOME
Applications such as Clocks, Weather and Maps have pi
support by default, automatically detecting your present location and presenting
relevant information. When you start up, for example, Clocks now, it defaults to
showing the time in your current timezone, where previously you would have
refined look carries over to the fullscreen view too.
as a brand new look making use of latest GTK+ technologies including the
bar and an intuitive pop-over based “Open” button that makes opening
previous versions but packs everything into a beautiful compact interface.
navigate interface so that you don’t ever have the trouble of
searching for where you saved the text file in your file system.
Applications such as Clocks, Weather and Maps have picked up geolocation
as a brand new look making use of latest GTK+ technologies including the
over based “Open” button that makes opening
erything into a beautiful compact interface.
that you don’t ever have the trouble of
cked up geolocation

had to add your city manually to the list of clocks to make this happen. Same goes
with Maps, which defaults to showing your present location when you start it up.
Concerned about privacy? Just turn it off from Privacy Settings! Speaking of
maps…
Travel directions support in
Maps showing travel directions
Maps (available at version 3.14.1) has also undergone much work since the
version in the previous openSUSE
technical preview. It has since stabilised and
GNOME experience. It has also gained a handful of nifty features, most notably
being able to show directions for travel and the ability to switch between the
default map view and a satellite overview.
New default applications
Polari and Music as new default applications
openSUSE 13.2 switches to default applications that Qit in with GNOME 3’s vision
toward providing a consistent, modern desktop experience. Gnome
becomes the default music organizer and player replaci
previous versions. To have your music catalogued by this new application, simply
put your favourite music files in the Music directory inside your home directory.
13.2 also introduces Polari, a beautiful modern IRC chat client, which t
as the default instead of xchat.
Both xchat and rhythmbox are still available for installation from the default
repositories for fans of these applications.
Maps
Maps showing travel directions
version in the previous openSUSE release, where it was only available as a
technical preview. It has since stabilised and now forms a key component of the
default map view and a satellite overview.
Polari and Music as new default applications
toward providing a consistent, modern desktop experience. Gnome
becomes the default music organizer and player replacing Rhythmbox used in
13.2 also introduces Polari, a beautiful modern IRC chat client, which t
repositories for fans of these applications.
release, where it was only available as a
now forms a key component of the
toward providing a consistent, modern desktop experience. Gnome-music
ng Rhythmbox used in
13.2 also introduces Polari, a beautiful modern IRC chat client, which takes over

In addition, the visual theme in GNOME has been much enhanced by virtue of
careful attention to detail and the reworking of several of its components.
Animated transitions in applications such as Weather, GEdit and others make
everyday work a pleasure. Enhanced HiDPI support ensures the desktop and
applications look just as great even if you are working on that high-resolution
screen of your oh-so new (and expensive!) computer.
Much has been done to make the desktop transition from the login screen faster
and smoother, and a lot of work has gone on to improve the memory usage of the
shell and several core applications, making sure that its 3.14 incarnation provides
GNOME’s most smart, snappy, lean and productive experience ever.
Installing gnome its look like kde
3.2 Command line interface
The shell is a Command-Line Interface (CLI), much like MS-DOS was (and
the Command Prompt in Windows XP is), but with the full power of Linux
multitasking available. Dependent on how the shell is entered, it may be full
screen, or it may be in a window under a Window Manager. Most common is
the bash (Bourne-again shell), where bash is a Unix shell written for the GNU
Project. Bash is the default shell on most Linux systems, as well as on Mac OS X
and it can be run on most Unix-like operating systems. In the case of openSUSE, a
bash shell can typically be used by starting the program Konsole (<ALT><F2>
and type "konsole") or by startingxterm (<ALT><F2> and "xterm"). A Linux shell
is used when interfacing with the lower Linux boot levels. Applications can be
started from a shell, which can also be very useful a number of reasons, such as
for debugging problems.
The following picture shows simplified version of information and command flow when one user
interacts with the computer running Linux

3.2.1 Managing Software with Command Line Tools
Abstract
This chapter describes Zypper and RPM, two command line tools for managing
software.
3.2.1.1 Zypper
Zypper is a command line package manager for installing, updating and removing
packages as well as for managing repositories. It is especially useful for accomplishing
remote software management tasks or managing software from shell scripts.
General Usage
The general syntax of Zypper is:
zypper [global-options] command [command-options] [arguments] ...
The components enclosed in brackets are not required. The simplest way to execute
Zypper is to type its name, followed by a command. For example, to apply all needed
patches to the system type:
zypper patch
Additionally, you can choose from one or more global options by typing them just
before the command. For example, --non-interactive means running the command
without asking anything (automatically applying the default answers):
zypper --non-interactive patch
To use the options specific to a particular command, type them right after the
command. For example, --auto-agree-with-licenses means applying all needed
patches to the system without asking to confirm any licenses (they will
automatically be accepted):
zypper patch --auto-agree-with-licenses
Some commands require one or more arguments. When using the install command,
for example, you need to specify which package(s) to install:
zypper install mplayer

Some options also require an argument. The following command will list all known
patterns:
zypper search -t pattern
You can combine all of the above. For example, the following command will install
the mplayer and amarokpackages from the factory repository while being verbose:
zypper -v install --from factory mplayer amarok
The --from option makes sure to keep all repositories enabled (for solving any
dependencies) while requesting the package from the specified repository.
Most Zypper commands have a dry-run option that does a simulation of the given
command. It can be used for test purposes.
zypper remove --dry-run MozillaFirefox
Installing and Removing Software with Zypper¶
To install or remove packages use the following commands:
zypper install package_name
zypper remove package_name
Zypper knows various ways to address packages for the install and remove
commands:
by the exact package name (and version number)
zypper install MozillaFirefox
or
zypper install MozillaFirefox-3.5.3
by repository alias and package name
zypper install mozilla:MozillaFirefox
Where mozilla is the alias of the repository from which to install.
by package name using wildcards

The following command will install all packages that have names starting
with “Moz”. Use with care, especially when removing packages.
zypper install Moz*
by capability
For example, if you would like to install a perl module without knowing the
name of the package, capabilities come in handy:
zypper install 'perl(Time::ParseDate)'
by capability and/or architecture and/or version
Together with a capability you can specify an architecture (such
as i586 or x86_64) and/or a version. The version must be preceded by an
operator: < (lesser than), <= (lesser than or equal), = (equal), >= (greater than
or equal), > (greater than).
zypper install 'Qirefox.x86_64'
zypper install 'Qirefox>=3.5.3'
zypper install 'Qirefox.x86_64>=3.5.3'
by path to the RPM file
You can also specify a local or remote path to a package:
zypper install /tmp/install/MozillaFirefox.rpm
zypper install
http://download.opensuse.org/repositories/mozilla/SUSE_Factory/x86_64/
MozillaFirefox-3.5.3-1.3.x86_64.rpm
To install and remove packages simultaneously use the +/- modifiers. To
install emacs and remove vimsimultaneously, use:
zypper install emacs -vim
To remove emacs and install vim simultaneously, use:
zypper remove emacs +vim
To prevent the package name starting with the - being interpreted as a command
option, always use it as the second argument. If this is not possible, precede it with -
-:

zypper install -emacs +vim # Wrong
zypper install vim -emacs # Correct
zypper install -- -emacs +vim # same as above
zypper remove emacs +vim # same as above
If (together with a certain package) you automatically want to remove any packages
that become unneeded after removing the specified package, use the --clean-
deps option:
rm package_name --clean-deps
By default, Zypper asks for a confirmation before installing or removing a selected
package, or when a problem occurs. You can override this behavior using the --non-
interactive option. This option must be given before the actual command
(install, remove, and patch) as in the following:
zypper --non-interactive install package_name
This option allows the use of Zypper in scripts and cron jobs.
Installing Source Packages
If you want to install the corresponding source package of a package, use:
zypper source-install package_name
That command will also install the build dependencies of the specified package. If
you do not want this, add the switch -D. To install only the build dependencies use -
d.
zypper source-install -D package_name # source package only
zypper source-install -d package_name # build dependencies only
Of course, this will only work if you have the repository with the source packages
enabled in your repository list (it is added by default, but not enabled).
See Section 8.1.4, “Managing Repositories with Zypper” for details on repository
management.
A list of all source packages available in your repositories can be obtained with:
zypper search -t srcpackage

Utilities
To verify whether all dependencies are still fulfilled and to repair missing
dependencies, use:
zypper verify
In addition to dependencies that must be fulfilled, some
packages “recommend” other packages. These recommended packages are only
installed if actually available and installable. In case recommended packages were
made available after the recommending package has been installed (by adding
additional packages or hardware), use the following command:
zypper install-new-recommends
This command is very useful after plugging in a webcam or WLAN device. It will
install drivers for the device and related software, if available. Drivers and related
software are only installable if certain hardware dependencies are fulfilled.
Updating Software with Zypper¶
There are three different ways to update software using Zypper: by installing
patches, by installing a new version of a package or by updating the entire
distribution. The latter is achieved with the zypper dist-upgrade command which
is discussed in Section 15.1, “Upgrading the System”.
Installing Patches
To install all officially released patches applying to your system, just run:
zypper patch
In this case, all patches available in your repositories are checked for relevance and
installed, if necessary. The above command is all you must enter in order to apply
them when needed.
Zypper knows three different commands to query for the availability of patches:
zypper patch-check
Lists the number of needed patches (patches, that apply to your system but
are not yet installed)

~ # zypper patch-check
Loading repository data...
Reading installed packages...
5 patches needed (1 security patch)
zypper list-patches
Lists all needed patches (patches, that apply to your system but are not yet
installed)
~ # zypper list-patches
Loading repository data...
Reading installed packages...
Repository | Name | Version | Category | Status
------------------------------------+-----------+---------+----------+-------
Updates for openSUSE 11.3 11.3-1.82 | lxsession | 2776 | security | needed
zypper patches
Lists all patches available for openSUSE, regardless of whether they are
already installed or apply to your installation.
It is also possible to list and install patches relevant to specific issues. To list specific
patches, use the zypper list-patches command with the following options:
--bugzilla[=number]
Lists all needed patches for Bugzilla issues. Optionally, you can specify a bug
number if you only want to list patches for this specific bug.
--cve[=number]
Lists all needed patches for CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures)
issues, or only patches matching a certain CVE number, if specified.
To install a patch for a specific Bugzilla or CVE issue, use the following commands:
zypper patch --bugzilla=number
or
zypper patch --cve=number

For example, to install a security patch with the CVE number CVE-2010-2713,
execute:
zypper patch --cve=CVE-2010-2713
Installing Updates¶
If a repository contains only new packages, but does not provide
patches, zypper patch does not show any effect. To update all installed packages
with newer available versions, use:
zypper update
To update individual packages, specify the package with either the update or install
command:
zypper update package_name
zypper install package_name
A list of all new installable packages can be obtained with the command:
zypper list-updates
Note that this command only packages lists packages that match the following
criteria:
• has the same vendor like the already installed package
• is provided by repositories with at least the same priority than the already
installed package
• is installable (all dependencies are satisfied)
A list of all new available packages (regardless whether installable or not) can be
obtained with:
zypper list-updates --all
To find out why a new package cannot be installed, just use the zypper
install or zypper updatecommand as described above.
Upgrading to a New Product Version
To easily upgrade your installation to a new product version (for example, from
openSUSE 11.2 to openSUSE 11.3), Qirst adjust your repositories to match the
current openSUSE repositories. For details, refer toSection 8.1.4, “Managing

Guide to open suse 13.2 by mustafa rasheed abass & abdullah t. tua'ama (update)

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