Presentation given at the 2014 BuildingChicago - Greening the Heartland conference by Judi Cooper, Shanna Olson, Carey Nagle, and Scott Bowman. Using the Iowa Utility Board / Office of Consumer Advocate as a case study, the group demonstrates the power of the integrated design process as a tool to reach extremely high performance (and extremely low energy use) in buildings.

2. Integrate Early…
Integrate Often!
Success for a LEED Platinum Public Building

3. Judi Cooper
Deputy Executive Secretary
Administrative Services Manager
judi.cooper@iub.iowa.gov
Shanna Olson
LC
Senior Lighting Designer
olsonsl@kjww.com

4. Scott Bowman
PE, LEED AP BD+C
Retired Principal and Sustainability Advisor
bowmansc@kjww.com
scottb@ideabuildworks.com
Carey Nagle
AIA, LEED AP BD+C
Associate Principal
cnagle@bnim.com
Fellow

5. COMMUNICATION
Time to get engaged!

6. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
…learn how integrated design communication must be
established and nurtured.
…understand how integrated design with early analysis and goal
setting can greatly affect the performance of a building.
…engage and share with peers on the benefits and challenges of
integrated design, and have fun in the process.
…see actual examples of projects which achieved exemplary
performance as a result of integrative design.
Participants will . . .

7. WHY?
• Energy codes are advancing…
• Sustainability standards are advancing…
• Design constraints are increasing…
• Owners budgets are constrained…
• Owners expectations are higher…
• Buildings and systems are more complex…
• Communication tools have exploded…
• Integrated Design is the way to address all these
issues and more!

9. © 2 0 1 2
B N I M

10. A PROCESS FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE
B++

11. © 2 0 1 2
B N I M
SIMPLE IDEAS
AND PROCESS
FOR ANY:

12. ACHIEVABLE +
REPLICABLE
TRANSFORM THE FUTURE

14. © 2 0 1 2
B N I M

15. Owners
© 2 0 1 2
B N I M
Design
Professionals
Government
EVERY BUILDING

16. Owner
Consultants
Iowa Energy Center
Utility Companies
State Legislature
INTEGRATE
=
UNITE
COLLABORATION + INTEGRATED DESIGN PROCESS

17. INTEGRATED DESIGN
As defined by LEED v4

18. INTEGRATIVE
PROCESS

19. IP CREDIT 102 INTEGRATIVE PROCESS
New Credit – In HC too!
Early “simple box” energy analysis
Lists parametric options reviewed
Includes water performance
Requires cost analysis and bundling
Reward for doing goal setting and analysis early!
LEED 2009
Didn’t Exist
LEED v4
IP102: Integrative Process
CREDIT POINTS
1

22. OWNERS PROJECT
REQUIREMENTS
The lowly, miss-understood OPR…

23. OPR ACCORDING TO LEED
• LEED v2009 – EAp1
– The owner must document the owner’s project
requirements. The design team must develop the
basis of design. The CxA must review these
documents for clarity and completeness. The
owner and design team must be responsible for
updates to their respective documents.

24. OPR ACCORDING TO LEED
• LEED v2009 – EAp1 – Reference Guide
– The owner’s project requirements should detail
the functional requirements of a project and the
expectations of the building’s use and operation
as they relate to the systems being commissioned.

25. OPR ACCORDING TO LEED
• LEED v2009 – EAp1 – Reference Guide
– The owner’s project requirements should detail
the functional requirements of a project and the
expectations of the building’s use and operation
as they relate to the systems being
commissioned.

26. OPR ACCORDING TO LEED
• LEED v2009 – EAp1 – Reference Guide
– Owner and User Requirements
– Environmental and Sustainability Goals
– Energy Efficiency Goals
– Indoor Environmental Goals
– Equipment and System Expectations
– Building Occupant and O&M Requirements

27. OPR ACCORDING TO LEED
• LEED v4 – Integrative Process and Cx
– Early Energy and Water analysis must be
documented in OPR and BOD
– More Requirements of documents:
• Building and Site Program
• Building Form and Geometry
• Building Envelope and Façade
• Other Systems

28. WHAT IS THE BIG DEAL?
• The OPR is the most under valued and under
used document in the design process
• Design teams MUST be on the same page and
understand the Owners expectations
• Integration starts with communication, but
must include documentation and approval
• Something other than meeting minutes needs
to reflect objectives, goals and decisions

29. OPR AS DESIGN TOOL
• Embrace Integrated Design and Process
• Create OPR as a collaboration of initial
building and sustainability charettes
• Focus on Owners goals and expectations
• Expand way beyond energy and systems
• Define required research or future decisions
• Revise and update – living document!

30. WHAT DOES THE OWNER WANT?
• Meet an aggressive energy usage goal;
• A replicable model building;
• A comfortable, productive environment for
staff/guests;
• Viewed as a positive addition to the Iowa
Capitol Complex;
• A tour destination point; and
• Stay on budget

32. COMMUNICATION REPORT
BACK
What do you think INTEGRATED DESIGN means?

33. HIGH PERFORMANCE
PROCESS
What is the right and proper way to reach high goals?

35. LAYERS OF DESIGN

36. Use Less
• Reduce Loads
• Passive
• Envelope
Use
Efficiently
• System
Selection
• High
Efficiency
Make On
Site
• Renewable
Energy
• Portal to
Future

37. Total EUI :
28.0
kBtu/sf/yr
% Reduction from
code base EUI
60%
Model for other
government & private
sector entities
LEED
Platinum
VISIONARY GOALS

38. Building Area
44,640
GSF
Cost
$204
Per GSF
MODEST BUDGET

40. PROJECT COMPLETION DATE
Jan. 17, 2011
LOT SIZE
6.06 acres
BUILDING GROSS FLOOR AREA
44,640 sf
BUILDING FOOTPRINT AREA
20,003 sf
HOURS OF OPERATION
6:00 A – 5:30 P.M.
BUILDING OCCUPANCY
Permanent 90 x 44 Hours
Visitors 20 Per Week x 4Hours
TOTAL PROJECT COST
$10,140,768 (Construction Costs)
GENERAL PROJECT
INFORMATION

41. GROUND FLOOR PLAN
1 lobby
2 open office
3 enclosed office
4 meeting room
5 copy/work room
6 records information
7 hearing room
8 break room
9 receiving
10 files/storage
11 server room

42. UPPER FLOOR PLAN
1 lobby
2 open office
3 enclosed office
4 meeting room
5 copy/work room
6 records information
7 hearing room
8 break room
9 receiving
10 files/storage
11 server room

44. “The team saw that the impact of their work
was bigger than just the building. It was to set
an example for other government buildings.”
JURY MEMBER
2012 AIA COTE TOP TEN PROJECTS SELECTION COMMITTEE

49. “The reason we exceeded our [performance] goal is
because the occupants understood what we were
trying to do from the top down [O] we walked in the
door with a set of protocols that we all helped to
develop and understood. We don’t plug in superfluous
loads. We function with daylight. With the systems that
are there— the geothermal, the photovoltaics — there
are times when the building is producing more than we
are using and sending it back to the State Capital
Complex.”
JUDI COOPER
DEPUTY EXECUTIVE SECRETARY | IUB-OCA

53. “Young people are aware of [this building] and excited by
it. I’ve taken unsolicited phone calls from high school
students saying, I see your new building on the Capital
complex. Can I come and see it? And I say, Of course
you can! I take them on a tour. I’ve taken teachers,
architecture students, people from around the world.
They are aware of it, and I am excited by what they will
do when they are the ones out there designing like this.”
JUDI COOPER
DEPUTY EXECUTIVE SECRETARY | IUB-OCA

56. WATER STRATEGIES
1 rain garden
2 sediment basin
3 water infiltration basin
4 pervious pavement
5 offsite storm diverter
6 bioswale
7 on-street parking
(minimizes impervious surface)

59. ENVELOPE
How do we keep the outside out, and the inside in?

61. REPLICATION INNOVATION
• Good Thermal Envelope
• Cost Effective Precast
• Thermal Bridging Mitigation
• Non-Conductive Precast System
• Material Duality
ENVELOPE
1 continuous thermal and air barriers at construction interfaces
2 thermomass precast concrete wall system
3 zinc cladding
4 cool roof
5 Daylight harvesting sunscreen
6 green wall

62. REPLICATION INNOVATION
• Operable Windows • Weather Station
• Building Automation System Alert
• Systems Tie-In
• Cost Effective
NATURAL VENTILATION
1 operable exterior windows
2 weather sensor measuring temperature, humidity, wind speed, and direction
3 weather station alerts occupants to open and close windows
4 mechanical system shuts down when windows are open

64. Material Duality, structural systems
as finish systems
Agrifiber, a rapidly renewable and
regionally sourced material, was
used for the door cores
Furniture achieves Cradle-to-Cradle
certification or equivalent standard
Low V.O.C. materials used
throughout
All furniture within the project is
Greenguard certified at a minimum

65. 35%
of total material content was recycled
67%of materials were regionally extracted,
harvested and fabricated
96%
of wood used was Forestry Stewardship
Council certified, hence responsibly
harvested
89%
of construction waste was recycled

66. HEATING VENTILATION AND
AIR CONDITIONING
The physiological manifestation of well being…comfort!

67. Courtesy PNNL
ASHRAE 90.1-2013
ASHRAE 90-1975 ASHRAE 90A-1980
ASHRAE 90.1-1999
ASHRAE 90.1-2001
ASHRAE 90.1-2007
ASHRAE 90.1-2004
ASHRAE 90.1-1989
ASHRAE 90.1-2010
Improvement in ASHRAE Standard 90.1 (Year 1975 – 2010)EnergyUseIndex(1975Use=100)
Year
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990
50
1995 20152000 20102005
110
100
90
80
70
60

68. ENERGY MODELING
• Key to High Performance
• Important to understand interaction
• Many approximations – manage expectations
• Know limits of software
• Understand gross assumptions!
• Move from isolated evaluations to bundling
• Set early goals – Measure against them
often!

69. Energy Use Basis
Baseline – 72.5 kBtu/sf
23%
Heating
Cooling
Fan/Pump
Lights
Plug Load
DHW
44%
Data Courtesy of The Weidt Group

70. Energy Use Basis
Design – 27.3 kBtu/sf
Heating
Cooling
Fan/Pump
Lights
Plug Load
DHW
Data Courtesy of The Weidt Group
15%
21%42%

71. Actual – 21.2 kBtu/sf
Energy Use Basis
Heating
Cooling
Fan/Pump
Lights
Plug Load
DHW
Data Courtesy of The Weidt Group
18%
HEATING
11%
COOLING
24%
FAN/PUMP
20%
LIGHTS
26%
PLUG
LOAD

72. Energy Use Basis
Heating
Cooling
Fan/Pump
Lights
Plug Load
DHW
Data Courtesy of The Weidt Group
18%
HEATING
11%
COOLING
Actual – 16.7 kBtu/sf
24%
FAN/PUMP
20%
LIGHTS
26%
PLUG
LOAD
with Renewable (PV)

73. Why kBtu/sf?
• ASHRAE currently uses energy cost
• Dollars reflect some local energy utilization and
market conditions
• Suppressed sources can obscure signals
– Natural Gas
– Renewable Energy (Wind or Solar)
• Need to measure true performance
• Location, Location, Location
– 28 kBtu/sf means something in Iowa
– What about Portland?

74. REPLICATION INNOVATION
• Passive Strategies
• Geothermal
• Energy Recovery
• Occupancy Sensors Per Workstation
• Demand Controlled Ventilation
• Building Automation System
• Photovoltaic Panels
ENERGY STRATEGIES
1 geothermal system
2 photovoltaic roof panels
3 occupancy sensors for lighting and plug load reduction at each work station and office
4 stormwater filtered and infiltrated on site
5 continuous monitoring of all systems
6 perimeter radiant heating

75. 19.1%
of Building Energy Use
RENEWABLE ENERGY

77. DAYLIGHTING AND LIGHTING
What do you mean gas lamps are good anymore?

78. DAYLIGHT HARVESTING
GOALS
Create a balance between potential energy reduction
through enhanced daylight and reduced heat gain

79. Sunscreen Conditions
summer winter
1 diffuse northern daylight
2 light tubes
3 daylight harvesting sunscreen
4 light sensors
5 daylight responsive artificial lighting
6 interior glazing transmits daylight
7 exterior view throughout
DAYLIGHTING STRATEGIES

83. • Feel of the
space
• Energy goals
• Energy code
• LEED
• Light levels
• Comfort
with
technology
• Initial
• Simple
payback
• Life cycle
cost
Budget
User’s
needs
AestheticsEnergy
LIGHTING DESIGN PROGRAMMTIC GOALS

84. IUB/OCA – LIGHTING DESIGN
Mix of design techniques and lamp sources

85. IUB/OCA – LIGHTING DESIGN
Mix of design techniques and lamp sources

86. IUB/OCA – LIGHTING DESIGN
Mix of design techniques and lamp sources

87. EVOLUTION IN LIGHTING

88. Linear LED Linear Fluorescent
Life 50-100,000 hrs + 24-87,000 hrs
Efficacy/ Efficiency Varies widely Varies widely
Standard control Typically 0-10v standard Typically switching
standard
Optical qualities Point source/ lenses used
to create ambient optics,
quality ranges
Ambient source
CCT/ CRI 2700-6500/65-90 2700-5000/ 75-90
Cost 1.1-3 1
SDCM/ MacAdam’s step 7 step min 4 step min
Replacement cost and
availability
Unknown Known & varies by lamp
LED V. FLUORESCENT

89. WHITE LIGHT EFFICACY PROJECTIONS

90. Who will determine when
LED’s need to be replaced?
How much will it cost to
replace?
IMAGE SOURCE: maxlite.com
Will the replacement parts
provide the same lumen
output and color quality?
IES LM-80 & TM-21 have
been adopted to define LED
life and lumen maintenance
APPLICATION CONSIDERATIONS
What does end of life mean for an LED?

91. APPLICATION
CONSIDERATIONS
How does it really compare?

92. TRADITIONAL
SOURCES
SOLID STATE INITIAL COST
LAMP LIFE
DIFFERENCE
LINEAR FL EVERY
FEW FEET’
(SEVERAL
HUNDRED WATTS)
6 TO 10
FIXTURES
300 TO 500
WATTS
UNKNOWN . 24-87,000HRS
TO 50,000HR
126/270/
480 WATTS
DEPENDING ON
SCALE
100/180/350
WATTS
DEPENDING ON
SCALE
MINIMAL
COST
DIFFERENCE
12,000HRS TO
50,000HRS
COMPARISON

93. APPLICATION
CONSIDERATIONS
What is white light and why does it matter?

94. IUB/OCA
OUTDOOR LIGHTING
Use of LED for all sources

95. IUB/OCA
OUTDOOR LIGHTING
LED Parking Lighting

96. APPLICATION
CONSIDERATIONS
How do exterior lamp source options compare today?

97. LAMP TYPE
WATTS PER
SQ FOOT
COST
DIFFERENCE
LIFE CONTROL
CMH
37800 NOM
77% EFFICIENCY
29080DELIVERED
338 WATTS
.292 WATTS
PER SQ FT AT
ABOUT 18FC
~ 30,000 HRS 0-10V DIMMING
LED 412w
30,000 LUMEN
.311 WATTS
PER SQ FT AT
ABOUT 18FC
ABOUT 15%
MORE
L90 AT
60,000 HRS
BI-LEVEL OR
0-10V DIMMING
W/ OCCUPANCY
SENSOR
CURRENT EXTERIOR LAMP SOURCE OPTIONS

98. • Feel of the
space
• Energy goals
• Energy code
• LEED
• Functionality
requirements
• Comfort with
technology
• Initial
• Simple
payback
• Life cycle
cost
Budget
User’s
needs
AestheticsEnergy
CONTROLS PROGRAMMTIC GOALS

99. CURRENT AND PROJECTED
CODE STATUS PER STATE

100. IUB/OCA LIGHTING
CONTROLS INTEGRATION
Networked 0-10v & switching protocols with Daylight Harvesting

101. 0-10V DIMMING CONTROL
Daylight Harvesting

102. TYPICAL LIGHTING CONTROL ZONES

103. NETWORK CONTROL
SYSTEMS
Digital Addressable Lighting Interface (DALI)

104. Typically Saves the Most Energy
in the Long Run
Typically Requires More
Knowledge to Maintain
Maximizes Controllability Typically More Expensive
Convergence
Requires Greater Coordination in
Design and Construction
Long Term Flexibility
Two Way Communication
Pro’s Con’s
DIGITAL ADDRESSABLE LIGHTING INTERFACE
DALI PROTOCOLS

105. CONVERGENCE
How do we bring things together?

106. CONTROL INTEGRATION
• Integrated control
systems
– Lighting
– AV
– Shades
– HVAC
– Security
– Receptacle

107. AMBIENT TASK CONTROL

108. • 50% of all receptacles shall have automatic shutoff in:
Open offices
Private offices
Computer classrooms
• Accomplished in one of three ways
Ceiling or wall vacancy sensor
Relay panel with time clock
Plug in occupancy sensor
MAY NOT BE ALLOWED BY AHJ
ASHRAE 2010
RECEPTACLE CONTROL

109. PLUG LOAD CONTROL
Data Courtesy of The Weidt Group
Model = 0.90 w/sf
Metered = 0.25 w/sf

110. OPERATIONS
Now I get to run what you designed…but my reality has shifted!

111. PROTOCOLS
• Iowa’s Green Government Initiative
• Ensure importance of goal is communicated
• Solicit buy in – “All In”
• Have clear behavioral expectations
• Automated building features make is easy
• Live it out – No superfluous load
Lay the Groundwork

113. BYOB

114. POST-OCCUPANCY + KNOWLEDGE SHARING

115. $54,000 Annual Savings

116. Includes PV
75%
98%

117. Includes PV
75%
98%

118. Energy Monitoring
LEED Measurement &
Verification
Electrical Circuits Monitored
• Lighting
• Plug Loads
• Mechanical Equipment
• General Building Loads
• IT Equipment
Geothermal Loop
Data Collected by Capitol
Complex Energy Management
System

119. Energy Star = 100
MEASUREMENT AND VERIFICATION
Second Year M&V Results:
• Design Estimated Model EUI – with PV 28.1
• Monitored EUI – with PV 16.7
• Monitored EUI – without PV 21.2
Conclusions:
• Model over predicted pumping energy
• Model slightly over predicted lighting savings
• Plug loads are significantly lower than expectations
• Corrected energy model tracks actual use well

120. COMMUNICATION FOLLOW-UP
Now what do you think?

121. TAKEAWAYS
• Integrative Design leads to High Performance
• Use the OPR as a design tool
• Collaboration of envelope to lighting is key
• Energy modeling should be early and often
• Measure against goals for key decisions
• Plug load management is new horizon
Important concepts we wanted to emphasize…

122. QUESTIONS
…understand how integrated design communication must be
established and nurtured.
…realize integrated design with early analysis and goal
setting can greatly affect the performance of a building.
…have seen the benefits and challenges of integrated
design, and had some fun in the process.
…know of actual examples of projects which achieved
exemplary performance as a result of integrative design.
Learning objectives you should…

123. AWARDS AND RECOGNITIONS
• AIA Committee On The Environment
Top 10 Green Building Award 2012
Top 10 Plus in 2014
• ASHRAE Technology Award
Second Place in 2014
• AIA Central States Region Merit Award
• AIA Iowa Merit Award
• Des Moines’ Environmental Impact Awards
Built Environment Award

124. http://bt.e-ditionsbyfry.com/publication/?i=200800&p=38

125. COMMUNICATION REPORT BACK
What did we learn?

126. Integrate Early…
Integrate Often!
Success for a LEED Platinum Public Building