This document discusses building commissioning and energy auditing. It begins with introductions of Lyn Gomes and Tracey Whaley, who both have backgrounds in engineering and commissioning. They then cover what commissioning is, why it is important to save energy and costs, and how energy audits identify savings opportunities. Commissioning ensures new and existing buildings operate as intended to reduce energy use and greenhouse gas emissions in a cost-effective manner.
One of the presentations from a program called "Where Did the Money Go?!: Understanding Hidden Expenses That Derail Small Scale Renovations". It was coordinated by LLAMA BES at ALA Annual 2010 (June 26, 2010).
Many library leaders will find themselves planning a remodel of library space. Whether repurposing for a new use or just improving function and aesthetics, a limited budget can be eaten up by existing building issues: HVAC problems, asbestos abatement, interruption of systems, or simple staging logistics. Experts will share with attendees what to watch for, what questions to ask, and how to plan to anticipate these considerations so that project goals are met.
How can you design or retrofit your building to be net zero energy? What are the steps and what does it cost to get to net zero compared to standard construction? When you design commercial buildings that are super insulated, have very tight envelopes and use energy recovery ventilation, then you can add solar PV to generate power on site and reach for net zero.
One of the presentations from a program called "Where Did the Money Go?!: Understanding Hidden Expenses That Derail Small Scale Renovations". It was coordinated by LLAMA BES at ALA Annual 2010 (June 26, 2010).
Many library leaders will find themselves planning a remodel of library space. Whether repurposing for a new use or just improving function and aesthetics, a limited budget can be eaten up by existing building issues: HVAC problems, asbestos abatement, interruption of systems, or simple staging logistics. Experts will share with attendees what to watch for, what questions to ask, and how to plan to anticipate these considerations so that project goals are met.
How can you design or retrofit your building to be net zero energy? What are the steps and what does it cost to get to net zero compared to standard construction? When you design commercial buildings that are super insulated, have very tight envelopes and use energy recovery ventilation, then you can add solar PV to generate power on site and reach for net zero.
Half-day workshop on high-performance green building design for USGBC Nevada chapter, Las Vegas, 1/8/13, using case studies from Jerry Yudelson's new book, The World's Greenest Buildings: Promise vs Performance in Sustainable Design, published January 2013.
Dispelling Myths and Making Cents of Multifamily Green Building CertificationKEPHART
Green building certification is a great way to add value to a community for both owners and residents; however, it is often not pursued due to misconceptions that the process is too expensive and complicated. Plus, with so many certification programs out there, how do you decide which one to use? Join a panel of industry experts as they dispel some of the common myths about the complexity of certification as well as compare and contrast the costs and benefits of the most popular programs being used- including the National Green Building Standard (NGBS), Energy Star and LEED.
The following presentation discusses high-performance buildings today and in the future. Current and future codes are discussed as well as implications to the LEED rating system. The last part of the presentation focuses on the inefficiencies in the design-bid-build process and discusses how high-performance buildings will be the result of integrative design.
Presentation given at the 2014 BuildingChicago - Greening the Heartland conference by Judi Cooper, Shanna Olson, Carey Nagle, and Scott Bowman. Using the Iowa Utility Board / Office of Consumer Advocate as a case study, the group demonstrates the power of the integrated design process as a tool to reach extremely high performance (and extremely low energy use) in buildings.
An informative presentation on the evolution of green building practices that includes important topics such as
• EPA Definition of Green Building
• Leadership and Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Program
• Impact of Green Building Initiatives on Construction Defects and the impact of LEED
• How to measure a building's impact
• Why follow LEED standards???
• Measurable benefits of green technology
• Potential problems and theories of liability
• Negligence and economic loss rule
Mainstreaming Zero: Large Scale Commercial Net Zero Energy Buildings, AGC 2013Shanti Pless
My keynote on the growing large scale net zero energy building industry, with details from our net zero projects at NREL: http://news.agc.org/2013/10/30/the-agc-building-contractors-conference-shares-innovative-ways-to-increase-your-firms-productivity/. Thanks to Tom Hootman at RNL/MKK for some of the slides and great images!
The Green Building 101 Workshop is a full-day workshop providing a general introduction to green building concepts, techniques and materials, including the impact of various building certification systems on building contractor businesses, and the implications of various credentials for their employees.
The goal of the workshop is to provide a participant with the background necessary to make informed decisions about next steps for their business model and/or for training and credentialing. This workshop is designed for contractors interested in gaining the basics of green building. From knowledge to networking, this workshop is your ticket to entering the green economy.
Why should you attend this workshop?
* Gain a foundation in green building
* Learn from experts in the field
* Networking with potential employers
* Subsidized workshop fee
The workshop will be led by staff from The Green Roundtable / NEXUS, and assisted by guest speakers from leading institutions such as ICF and ABCD. All instructors have extensive experience in the field.
This is an equal opportunity program - auxiliary aids and services are available upon request to individuals with disabilities. This workshop is a project of Green Jobs Boston, the Mayor’s Office of Jobs and Community Services and the Boston Redevelopment Authority. A project of the Massachusetts State Energy Sector Partnership, funded in whole by a $6M grant awarded by the U.S. Department of Labor’s Employment & Training Administration.
Trends in Green Kitchens and Green BuildingsDerek Satnik
The green building industry is one of the hottest right now. Construction has always been a major contributor to the economy, and Canada is adding enough new buildings every year that over 1,000 kilotons of new emissions are added to the building sector's footprint - compounded every year. The same market in the US adds almost 10 times more. This is obviously a problem.
The Green Building sector is making a significant impact at reversing this trend. Mindscape's partners are leading the way: our latest projects are pursuing net-zero, cost effectively. LEED Platinum is not only affordable, but it's making money for the building owners. Green material costs are continually becoming more competitive as suppliers adapt to the requirements of green building programs. There are brighter days ahead.
Enjoy the read!
This slide deck was prepared for an internal training event at Distinctive Appliances, in Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.
A printed circuit board (PCB) is a fundamental component in modern electronics that serves as a platform for assembling and connecting electronic components. It provides a solid foundation for the interconnection of various electronic elements, including integrated circuits (ICs), resistors, capacitors, and other passive and active components.
The construction of a PCB typically involves a thin board made of non-conductive material, often fiberglass reinforced with epoxy resin or other laminates. The surface of the board is coated with a layer of copper, which serves as the conductive material for the electrical pathways.
PCB design involves a meticulous layout of conductive traces, which form the pathways for electrical signals to flow between components. These traces are usually etched onto the copper layer through a process of chemical etching or mechanical milling. The layout of the traces is determined by the circuit schematic, aiming to minimize signal interference, optimize signal integrity, and ensure efficient electrical connectivity.
In addition to the conductive traces, a PCB features various other elements. These include pads and vias. Pads are small areas of exposed copper where electronic components are soldered onto the board. Vias are holes drilled through the board that connect different layers of the PCB, facilitating the routing of traces between them.
PCBs can have multiple layers, ranging from single-sided boards with components mounted on one side, to double-sided and multi-layer boards, which have components mounted on both sides and multiple layers of conductive traces sandwiched between insulating layers.
The manufacturing process for PCBs involves several steps, including design and layout, fabrication of the board itself, application of the copper layer, etching or milling of the traces, drilling of holes for components and vias, and finally, assembly of components onto the board through soldering or other methods.
PCBs are essential in a wide range of electronic devices, from simple consumer electronics like calculators and remote controls to complex systems like computers, smartphones, and medical equipment. Their compact design, reliability, and scalability make them indispensable in the world of modern electronics, enabling the creation of increasingly sophisticated and efficient electronic devices.
Sustainable Practices Training for Green Advantage Environmental Certification
Pending OCILB Approval
Pending USGBC CE approval
Pending AIA CEUs approval
Buildings use approximately 40% of the energy in the US. Buzzwords like “going green” and “energy efficient” are more prevalent today. LEED is a rating system, which provides designers the opportunity to tailor their design to reduce the impact on society and the surroundings. It is an integrated process involving the architect, landscape architect, civil engineer, MEP (mechanical, electrical and plumbing) consultant, lighting designer and contractor. As a design team these professionals evaluate energy trade offs within a conceptual design to create a functional building. This session will focus on LEED V4. It will target LEED’s definition, history and categories. More importantly, how to become a LEED accredited professional and LEED’s V4 holistic approach to building design.
Energy Technologies for Mid-Rise Buildings - Past, Present and FutureRayco Energy
Presented on January 21, 2015 to WESTCON (Western Construction Consultants Association) by Rayco Energy.
An overview of the evolution of energy technologies in the high-density residential and commercial marketplace. Assessing energy management planning and budgeting for solar pv roof panels, LED lighting upgrades, demand management, and building envelope upgrades within California and Nevada.
Paths to Net-Zero Energy Sustainable HomesDerek Satnik
It's cold in Canada, so Canada has always been a world leader in designing efficient homes. This presentation explores the Canadian experience with low-energy housing, and how to get from today's standard practice to net-zero
Half-day workshop on high-performance green building design for USGBC Nevada chapter, Las Vegas, 1/8/13, using case studies from Jerry Yudelson's new book, The World's Greenest Buildings: Promise vs Performance in Sustainable Design, published January 2013.
Dispelling Myths and Making Cents of Multifamily Green Building CertificationKEPHART
Green building certification is a great way to add value to a community for both owners and residents; however, it is often not pursued due to misconceptions that the process is too expensive and complicated. Plus, with so many certification programs out there, how do you decide which one to use? Join a panel of industry experts as they dispel some of the common myths about the complexity of certification as well as compare and contrast the costs and benefits of the most popular programs being used- including the National Green Building Standard (NGBS), Energy Star and LEED.
The following presentation discusses high-performance buildings today and in the future. Current and future codes are discussed as well as implications to the LEED rating system. The last part of the presentation focuses on the inefficiencies in the design-bid-build process and discusses how high-performance buildings will be the result of integrative design.
Presentation given at the 2014 BuildingChicago - Greening the Heartland conference by Judi Cooper, Shanna Olson, Carey Nagle, and Scott Bowman. Using the Iowa Utility Board / Office of Consumer Advocate as a case study, the group demonstrates the power of the integrated design process as a tool to reach extremely high performance (and extremely low energy use) in buildings.
An informative presentation on the evolution of green building practices that includes important topics such as
• EPA Definition of Green Building
• Leadership and Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Program
• Impact of Green Building Initiatives on Construction Defects and the impact of LEED
• How to measure a building's impact
• Why follow LEED standards???
• Measurable benefits of green technology
• Potential problems and theories of liability
• Negligence and economic loss rule
Mainstreaming Zero: Large Scale Commercial Net Zero Energy Buildings, AGC 2013Shanti Pless
My keynote on the growing large scale net zero energy building industry, with details from our net zero projects at NREL: http://news.agc.org/2013/10/30/the-agc-building-contractors-conference-shares-innovative-ways-to-increase-your-firms-productivity/. Thanks to Tom Hootman at RNL/MKK for some of the slides and great images!
The Green Building 101 Workshop is a full-day workshop providing a general introduction to green building concepts, techniques and materials, including the impact of various building certification systems on building contractor businesses, and the implications of various credentials for their employees.
The goal of the workshop is to provide a participant with the background necessary to make informed decisions about next steps for their business model and/or for training and credentialing. This workshop is designed for contractors interested in gaining the basics of green building. From knowledge to networking, this workshop is your ticket to entering the green economy.
Why should you attend this workshop?
* Gain a foundation in green building
* Learn from experts in the field
* Networking with potential employers
* Subsidized workshop fee
The workshop will be led by staff from The Green Roundtable / NEXUS, and assisted by guest speakers from leading institutions such as ICF and ABCD. All instructors have extensive experience in the field.
This is an equal opportunity program - auxiliary aids and services are available upon request to individuals with disabilities. This workshop is a project of Green Jobs Boston, the Mayor’s Office of Jobs and Community Services and the Boston Redevelopment Authority. A project of the Massachusetts State Energy Sector Partnership, funded in whole by a $6M grant awarded by the U.S. Department of Labor’s Employment & Training Administration.
Trends in Green Kitchens and Green BuildingsDerek Satnik
The green building industry is one of the hottest right now. Construction has always been a major contributor to the economy, and Canada is adding enough new buildings every year that over 1,000 kilotons of new emissions are added to the building sector's footprint - compounded every year. The same market in the US adds almost 10 times more. This is obviously a problem.
The Green Building sector is making a significant impact at reversing this trend. Mindscape's partners are leading the way: our latest projects are pursuing net-zero, cost effectively. LEED Platinum is not only affordable, but it's making money for the building owners. Green material costs are continually becoming more competitive as suppliers adapt to the requirements of green building programs. There are brighter days ahead.
Enjoy the read!
This slide deck was prepared for an internal training event at Distinctive Appliances, in Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.
A printed circuit board (PCB) is a fundamental component in modern electronics that serves as a platform for assembling and connecting electronic components. It provides a solid foundation for the interconnection of various electronic elements, including integrated circuits (ICs), resistors, capacitors, and other passive and active components.
The construction of a PCB typically involves a thin board made of non-conductive material, often fiberglass reinforced with epoxy resin or other laminates. The surface of the board is coated with a layer of copper, which serves as the conductive material for the electrical pathways.
PCB design involves a meticulous layout of conductive traces, which form the pathways for electrical signals to flow between components. These traces are usually etched onto the copper layer through a process of chemical etching or mechanical milling. The layout of the traces is determined by the circuit schematic, aiming to minimize signal interference, optimize signal integrity, and ensure efficient electrical connectivity.
In addition to the conductive traces, a PCB features various other elements. These include pads and vias. Pads are small areas of exposed copper where electronic components are soldered onto the board. Vias are holes drilled through the board that connect different layers of the PCB, facilitating the routing of traces between them.
PCBs can have multiple layers, ranging from single-sided boards with components mounted on one side, to double-sided and multi-layer boards, which have components mounted on both sides and multiple layers of conductive traces sandwiched between insulating layers.
The manufacturing process for PCBs involves several steps, including design and layout, fabrication of the board itself, application of the copper layer, etching or milling of the traces, drilling of holes for components and vias, and finally, assembly of components onto the board through soldering or other methods.
PCBs are essential in a wide range of electronic devices, from simple consumer electronics like calculators and remote controls to complex systems like computers, smartphones, and medical equipment. Their compact design, reliability, and scalability make them indispensable in the world of modern electronics, enabling the creation of increasingly sophisticated and efficient electronic devices.
Sustainable Practices Training for Green Advantage Environmental Certification
Pending OCILB Approval
Pending USGBC CE approval
Pending AIA CEUs approval
Buildings use approximately 40% of the energy in the US. Buzzwords like “going green” and “energy efficient” are more prevalent today. LEED is a rating system, which provides designers the opportunity to tailor their design to reduce the impact on society and the surroundings. It is an integrated process involving the architect, landscape architect, civil engineer, MEP (mechanical, electrical and plumbing) consultant, lighting designer and contractor. As a design team these professionals evaluate energy trade offs within a conceptual design to create a functional building. This session will focus on LEED V4. It will target LEED’s definition, history and categories. More importantly, how to become a LEED accredited professional and LEED’s V4 holistic approach to building design.
Energy Technologies for Mid-Rise Buildings - Past, Present and FutureRayco Energy
Presented on January 21, 2015 to WESTCON (Western Construction Consultants Association) by Rayco Energy.
An overview of the evolution of energy technologies in the high-density residential and commercial marketplace. Assessing energy management planning and budgeting for solar pv roof panels, LED lighting upgrades, demand management, and building envelope upgrades within California and Nevada.
Paths to Net-Zero Energy Sustainable HomesDerek Satnik
It's cold in Canada, so Canada has always been a world leader in designing efficient homes. This presentation explores the Canadian experience with low-energy housing, and how to get from today's standard practice to net-zero
Similar to Saving the Environment One Building at a Time (20)
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacks
Saving the Environment One Building at a Time
1. Saving the
Environment
One Building at a time
Lyn Gomes, P.E., LEED AP, CLCATT, kW Engineering
Tracey A. Whaley, P.E., F.P.E, Ambient Energy
2. Introductions…
• Lyn Gomes, P.E., LEED AP
• Commissioning Authority/Agent
• Triple Talent: design, construction, startup
• I love pastries and pickles
• kW Engineering
• Energy engineering – efficiency & renewables
• Oakland, Long Beach, Chicago, Salt Lake City
• We walk the talk: our HQ building is LEED®
Gold certified with Energy Star = 100
• Tracey A. Whaley, P.E., F.P.E, CxAP
• BS Architectural Engineering, Kanas State
University
• Licensed in mechanical and fire protection
engineering
• Ambient Energy
• Commissioning Team Leader
• Provide New Building Commissioning, Retro-
Commissioning and Re-Commissioning
• Our office is LEED – CI Certified Gold
3. What we’ll cover
• Buildings use energy?!
• Building Commissioning:
• What’s that?
• Why should I care?
• Auditing:
• What is it?
• How does it save energy?
• What it takes
• Commissioning Provider
• Energy Engineer (Energy Auditor)
4. Building Energy Use
• Half of all the energy consumed in the U.S. is due to the
operations of the buildings we live and work in.
• HVAC, Lighting, Refrigeration, and Water Heating account for
2/3rds of that all energy used in buildings.
5. Building Systems Commissioning
• A quality-focused process for enhancing
the delivery of a project.
• Ensures building meets the Owner’s
Project Requirements.
• Planning Design Operation Maintenance
• “It is a risk-management strategy that
should be integral to any systematic
approach to garnering energy savings or
emissions reductions.” – Evan Mills, PhD, LBNL
6. Does this look familiar?
We don’t know what it is.
This is what Cx helps to avoid.
7. Cx: Good for Environment and Wallet
• Energy - CO2 emissions
• Commissioning is arguably the
single-most cost-effective
strategy for reducing energy,
costs, and greenhouse-gas
emissions in buildings today.
• New Buildings:
• 13 % median energy savings
• 4.2 year payback
• Existing Buildings
• 16% median energy savings
• 1.1 year payback
Source: California Energy Commission Study, Mills, Evan, PhD, “Building Commissioning: A Golden Opportunity for
Reducing Energy Costs and Greenhouse Gas Emissions,” (2009) http://cx.lbl.gov/2009-assessment.html
9. Retro-Commissioning (RCx)
• Cx for existing buildings
• 80% building stock
• 86% construction
spending
• Trend review
• Logic
• Setpoints
• Maintenance
• 2030 savings:
• $30B
• 340MTons CO2
10. Retro-Cx is a growing field
• Currently $200
million per year
• $4 billion per year
potential
• 1,500 to 25,000
F.T.E. workers
needed
• Bold, but realistic
- Evan Mills, PhD, LBNL
11. Energy Audits
• Focus:
Equipment/Systems
• Inspection
• Mechanical
equipment
• Control systems
• Lighting
• Water too!
• Analysis
• Crunch those numbers!
12. Good auditing must consider
human factors
• Team building is key to audit
implementation success
• Seek involvement with key players at site
• Let folks do what they’re good at
• Leave site staff with the knowledge to follow
through
• Don’t believe everything you hear
• Site inspections with staff can be misleading
• Auditor questions may be threatening
13. Lyn and Tracey’s Path to Cx
• Lyn
• BS Mechanical
Engineer
• HVAC Design
• LEED AP, PE
• Construction
• Startup OMs
(wastewater)
• UCBerkeley
Extension Course
• CLCATT
• Tracey
• BS Architectural
Engineer
• Electrical
mechanical design
• PE
• Mechanical
• Fire Protection
• Cx for military facilities
• U of Wisconsin
coursework
14. Architectural Engineering Programs in US
• California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo
• University of Colorado at Boulder
• Drexel University
• Illinois Institute of Technology
• Kansas State University
• Pennsylvania State University
• The University of Kansas
• University of Miami
• Milwaukee School of Engineering
• Missouri University of Science and Technology
• University of Nebraska-Lincoln
• North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University
• Oklahoma State University
• Tennessee State University
• University of Texas at Austin
• University of Wyoming
15. Energy Auditing Career Path
• ME or CEE or EE or Arch E
• BS minimum
• MS beneficial but not required
• Industrial Assessment Centers (DOE-funded)
15
• SFSU, SDSU, OSU, Colorado State, Boise State
• http://energy.gov/eere/amo/locations-industrial-assessment-centers
• Stanford MS CEE
• Sustainable Design/Construction or Atmosphere/Energy
• Get an internship
• Work for an “Energy Engineering” Firm
• Find role model(s) or mentor(s)
• Professional societies: ASHRAE, AEE, BCA
16. Engineers save the world
…with buildings that use
less energy or no energy!
(Net Zero buildings)
…with buildings that use less
water!
…by decreasing our carbon
footprint.
19. Thank You
• Questions?
Tracey A. Whaley, P.E., F.P.E.
Hanson Professional Services, Inc.
twhaley@hanson-inc.com
20. Why Save Energy in Buildings?
• Buildings consume
• 40% of our energy(1)
• 12-20% of our
water (our largest
user) (2)
• Energy - CO2
emissions
• Water is a precious
resource
• Because it works
20
1. USGBC via http://www.epa.gov/oaintrnt/projects/
2. USGBC, EPA
21. Who can do Cx?
Recommend Design Professionals perform Building
Commissioning
Why?
Design Professionals understand the design process and intent
that may be more complex than traditional systems.
Why can’t the engineer monitor the installation of their design?
The Cx Authority looks for different things than the engineer. We
are the Owner’s Advocate. We have ‘no skin in the game’. So, we
can give the Owner our unbiased opinion regarding the project.
We ask if a change in the project is consistent with the
Owner’s Project Requirements or Design Intent.
22. Building Systems Commissioning
According to Evan Mills, PhD, LBNL:
• Commissioning is more than “just another pretty energy
saving measure.”
• It is a risk-management strategy that should be integral to any
systematic approach to garnering energy savings or emissions
reductions.
• Ensures that a building owners get what they pay for when
constructing or retrofitting buildings
• Provides insurance for policymakers and program managers that
their initiatives actually meet targets
• Detects and corrects problems that would eventually surface as
far more costly maintenance or safety issues.
23. How much does Cx Cost?
• Commissioning is an underutilized strategy for saving energy and
money and reducing greenhouse gas emissions while managing related
risks.
• Reasons for this underutilization:
• widespread lack of awareness of need and value on the part of prospective
customers
• insufficient professionalism within the trades
• splintered activities and competition among a growing number of trade
• groups and certification programs
• misperception that it is not cost-effective in smaller buildings
• the absence of commissioning-like requirements in most building codes
• omission or obfuscation of the strategy in most energy-efficiency potentials
studies.
• tension between standardization and recognition that each building is
• unique and must be approached with an open mind
Evan Mills, PhD, LBNL
24. Building Systems Commissioning
US Green Building Council’s
Leadership in Energy
Environmental Design TM
A system for designing, constructing, operating
and certifying the world’s greenest buildings.
PR 1 Pre-requisite Commissioning
EA Cr 1 Enhanced Commissioning
25. Why Implement Building Commissioning?
• Failure of traditional methods to provide
an acceptable product.
• Building doesn’t meet User’s
expectations.
• Excessive change orders.
• Reduce problems and complaints at
completion.
• Building OM personnel don’t understand
their building.
• High utility bills
26. Commissioning Savings
The ‘Bottom Line”
• Energy Savings – Offices
$0.10 - $0.40 / sq. ft./year
• Energy savings – Tech. Manufacturing
$0.15 - $0.75 / sq. ft./year
• Comfort and Productivity
$150 / sq. ft./year payroll costs
$0.10/ sq. ft./year lost to complaint time
27. A/E Coursework
• Coursework varies by University (programs 4-5 years for
BS or MS)
• ABET Accreditation is Required!!!!
• Attend University out of state? Check for credit transfer
• Become LEED Accredited Professional (USGBC)
28. A/E is unusual field….How do I get a job?
• Take advanced/specialize courses in your area of interest.
• Structural
• HVAC
• Plumbing
• Electrical
• Lighting
• Green Building/Energy Analysis
• Etc.
• Learn about Building Codes in the area you will work
• Florida Building Code
• National Electrical Code
• National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
29. Existing Buildings (more than 5 years old)
• Maintain the existing building systems.
• ASHRAE Standard 180-2008 - Standard
Practice for Inspection and Maintenance of
Commercial Building HVAC Systems
• Use Standards:
• ASHRAE Standard 100 Energy Conservation in
Existing Buildings (establishes the guidelines
for the energy audit process)
30. A/E Professional
• MUST be willing to get Professional Engineer License for most
careers
• Sign and Seal Construction Documents is required for
commercial construction
• Earn more $$$$
• National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying:
NCEES
• Requirements for Licensure are different in each state.
Generally your college must be ABET accredited.
• Pass Fundamentals of Engineering Exam in final year of
college
• After 4-5 years of experience take Principles and Practice
Exam (PE)
• PE Exam is given in 23 formats.
• Since Spring 2003 NCEES has offered the Architectural Exam
• Continuing Education is required by most State Licensing
Boards
31. New Buildings (less than 5 years old)
• Small percent of the ‘stock’ of buildings in the U.S.
• 2% of Building projects are New Construction
• Use standards
• ASHRAE Advanced Energy Design Guides (free) Hotels, K-12 Schools, Retail,
Small Office Buidings.
• ASHRAE Standard 90.1 – establishes the base line energy performance of
buildings.
• ASHRAE Standard189.1 and USGBC LEED – establishes criteria for
sustainability and ‘Green’ buildings.
• ASHRAE Guideline 0 – 2005, The Commissioning Process
• ASHRAE Standard 180-2008 - Standard Practice for Inspection and
Maintenance of Commercial Building HVAC Systems
• Model the building to determine the most energy efficient system to be
used.
• Software programs such as E-quest and others
• Work with the architect to determine that the envelope or shell of the
building is ‘tight’ and has proper insulation and quality low-e windows.
• HVAC system is only as good as the envelope of the building it serves.
32. What we’ll cover
• Creating the Built Environment
• Why save energy in buildings?
• Commissioning (Cx)
• What is it?
• Who, Why, and When?
• How do you get to do it?
• Energy Audits
• Why do we audit?
• What do we audit?
• Audits have Levels
• How do you get to do it?
32
33. What’s in a Building
• HVAC
• Lighting
• Controls
• Envelope
• PV
• Backup power
• Compressed air…
33
34. Life of a Building
Planning (1 yr) Design (1 year) Construction (1-2 years)
Commissioning
Creation Operation (30-50 years)
34
Audits, RetroCommissioning (RCx),
ReCommissioning
(Cx)
35. Creating a building
People Documents
• Owner
• Commissioning
Agent (CxA)
• Design Team
• Architect
• Engineers
• Construction team
• General Contractor
• Subcontractors
Owner’s Project
Requirements
• Basis of Design
• Contract Documents
• Plans (drawings)
• Specifications (specs)
• Submittals (product
information)
• As-Builts
• Systems Manual
35
36. Operating a building
People Documents
• Owner
• Building Engineer
• Tenant
• Commissioning
Agent (CxA)
• Energy Auditor
• OPR
• Drawings
• Sequences of
Operation
• OM Manuals
• (Systems Manual)
• (Specs)
36
39. Cx: What is it?
• Commissioning is a process to ensure the
building performs as intended and to the
Owner’s expectations
• Part of Codes:
• LEED
• Title 24
• ASHRAE 90.1
• Ensures energy savings
are realized
• Critical to Net-zero goal
• Makes sure people are as
comfortable as possible
V =V +K e + K ∫ e × dt o p i
2/26/2011
39 SWE Region A
Conference
40. Process: Planning and Design
• Review Owner’s Project
Requirements (OPR)
• Ideally help develop it as well
• Review engineer’s Basis of
Design (BOD)
• Review specs and drawings for
• commissionability of systems
• compliance with BOD, OPR
Create and implement Cx Plan
40
41. Process: Construction and beyond
Review submittals
• Test energy-using/
producing
systems
• HVAC
• Lighting/lighting controls
• Renewable energy
• Domestic hot water
• Building Control System
• Systems Manual for
the Building Engineer
• Training
• Post-occupancy review
41
42. Who Does it?
42
• Team based,
collaborative
process
• Owner
• Design Team
• Architect
• ME
• EE
• Commissioning Agent
(CxA)
• Contractors
• GC
• Mechanical
• Electrical
• Controls
43. Why do we do it?
• Fundamentally: verify that the facility
satisfies the Owner’s functional needs.
• Reduced callbacks
• Happier Owners
• Reduced energy use
• Lower operating costs – Good ROI
• Improved occupant comfort and productivity
• Enhanced marketability and value of property
• Accountability by project team
• Reduced risk of exposure for project team
43
44. When is Cx required?
• Energy savings or Mission Critical
• LEED
• EA Prereq 1: Fundamental Cx
• EA Credit 3: Enhanced Cx
• Title 24/CalGreen
• LEED Fundamental Plus
• Strong requirements for Lighting
• ASHRAE 0, 90.1
• 0: Cx
• 90.1: Energy standard (baseline for many
states)
44
45. When does commissioning take place?
• Predesign
• Owner’s Project
Requirements (OPR)
• Design
• Review
• Will it work IRL?
• Stable control?
• Persistence?
• Construction
• Startup, tuning
• Testing
Construction
Design 45 Predesign 2/26/2011 SWE Region A
Conference
46. Once It’s Built
• Persistent energy
savings
• Occupancy surveys
• Recommissioning
• Retesting a building
that’s been
commissioned
• Retrocommissioning
• Commissioning a
building that’s never
been commissioned
46 Creation Operation (30-50 years)
47. RCx: Trend Review
• When to use:
• Building is already
occupied
• Verify equipment is
controlled smoothly
• “Loops are tuned”
• System is stable
• Rogue zones
• Determine whether
demand based resets
are working
47
48. Impacts
• Older buildings weren’t built to current standards but they
make up the majority of the U.S. building stock; 75%-
80% of all buildings that will exist in 2030 exist
today; 86% of construction dollars go to existing
buildings.
• Retro-Commissioning has the potential to save $30
billion by the year 2030, which corresponds to an
annual greenhouse gas emissions of 340 megatons of
CO2 each year. (Evan Mills, PhD, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory)
49. Why Retro-Cx or Energy Audit?
• Energy Efficiency is complex
• Good energy projects
depend on particulars
• Your building(s)
• Systems
• Operations
• Occupants
• Climate
• Other projects
• It’s all in the details
• LEED Credits
• Energy Star
50. Career Path
• ME or EE or ArchE or CE
• EIT
• Work in design
• Envelope
• HVAC
• Lighting
• Controls
• PE license
• Work in construction
• Coordination, startup,
controls
• ACP, CCP, BMCP
• LEED AP
• CLCTT-AT
• CEM
50
51. Resources
• PECI: peci.org
• Pacific Energy Center: www.pge.com/pec/
• Commissioning guides for new and existing
buildings:
http://www.cacx.org/resources/commissioni
ng-guides.html
• Retrocommissioning:
http://www.energy.wsu.edu/Documents/
BuildingCommissioning.pdf
• Lighting Commissioning:
http://goo.gl/YNFWuH (Part 1)
http://goo.gl/sGJ9YN (Part 2)
51
55. LEED Water Efficiency Credits
Credit Description Available
Points
TKW
WE Prerequisite 1
Indoor Plumbing Fixture Efficiency
0 0
WE Credit 1*
Water Performance Measurement
2 -
WE Credit 2*
Additional Indoor Plumbing Fixture
Efficiency
5 5 + 1
WE Credit 3
Water Efficient Landscaping
5 -
WE Credit 4*
Cooling Tower Water Management
2 -
*Additional points available
56. What do we audit?
• Anything that costs $
• Energy-using systems
• HVAC
• Lighting
• Processes
• Water-using systems
• Processes
• Cooling towers
• Irrigation systems
• Domestic water
56
59. Water Savings
• Check for leaks
• Install high
efficiency aerators
• Save energy
• Water plants
toward the end of
the day
• Buy more efficient
water appliances
• Take shorter
showers
59
65. Impact of Commissioning
• Nursing facility has back
up systems but occupants
don’t know how to
operate them.
• Staff use buckets to
transfer water to the
facility for critical
operation.
• Water system pump had
never been started. Staff
did not know the purpose
of the pump in the
system.
• This building was not
commissioned. If it had,
the staff would have been
trained to know how to
use the domestic water
pump system.
66. Impact of Commissioning
• Lake County, Florida – Central Utility Plant
• Oversized chiller and Boiler replaced with ‘pony’ chiller and boiler
• Sizes matched interim load and permitted much more efficient operation – min.
first cost savings, operating savings $15,000 / yr.
• North Carolina Central University - School of Nursing
• Used design checks to determine equipment oversized with multiple, redundant
units. Deleted one chiller, one tower cell, two pumps and the size of three AHUs
• Estimated energy savings $10,000 yr.
67. What can we do to reduce energy use?
According to Evan Mills, PhD, LBNL:
Commissioning is arguably the single-most cost-effective
strategy for reducing energy, costs, and
greenhouse-gas emissions in buildings today.
• Energy savings tend to persist well over at least a 3- to 5-year
timeframe, but data over longer time horizons are not available.
• Median commissioning costs: $0.30/ft2 and $1.16/ft2 for
existing buildings and new construction, respectively (and 0.4%
of total construction costs for new buildings).
• Median whole-building energy savings: 16% and 13%.
• Median payback times:1.1 and 4.2 years.
• Median benefit-cost ratios: 4.5 and 1.1, cash-on-cash returns of
91% and 23%.
68. Benefits of Building Systems Commissioning
• Ensure Compliance with Design Intent and
Owner’s Operational Needs
• Early detection of potential problems
• Establish protocol for issues resolution
• Reduce change orders, claims and Contractor
call backs
• Better building documentation
• Shortened occupancy transition period
• = Increase Value for the Owner!
69. Why should we care about buildings at all?
Building energy consumption:
• Represent over 72 percent of all electrical power
generation, 55 percent of natural gas
consumption
• Responsible for more than 1/3 of our total
carbon dioxide emissions
Gordon Holness, P.E., Fellow ASHRAE, Life Member, 2009-10 ASHRAE President
70. What is HVAC? Why is it important?
• HVAC: Heating, Ventilating and Air
Conditioning.
• HVAC (or Mechanical) Engineers design
the indoor environmental systems for the
buildings we work, play, and live in.
• Why is HVAC important?
• Americans spend 90% of their time
indoors. (source: EPA)
• Indoor levels of pollutants may be 2-5
times higher than outdoor levels. (source: EPA)
72. What can we do to reduce energy use?
• Install energy efficient HVAC Systems
and plumbing systems in our homes and
offices.
• Properly maintain these systems.
• Properly operate these systems.
• Implement the Commissioning Process.