GT Inlet Cooling

Oil & Gas Department
b l l fb l l f
Oil & Gas Department
Gas Turbine Inlet Air Cooling for Gas Turbine Inlet Air Cooling for
Performance EnhancementPerformance EnhancementPerformance EnhancementPerformance Enhancement
Presented by
Roozbeh ParhizkarRoozbeh ParhizkarRoozbeh ParhizkarRoozbeh Parhizkar
February February 20112011

An OverviewAn Overview
 A Review on Gas Turbine Cycle/OperationA Review on Gas Turbine Cycle/Operation
 Gas Turbine Cycle Simulation
 The Effects of Inlet Air Temperature on Gas
Turbine Performance
 Gas Turbine Inlet Air Cooling Methods
 E ti C li M th d Evaporative Cooling Methods
 Gas Turbine Inlet Air Fogginggg g
 Design and Operational Issues
 C t ti l Fl id D i Computational Fluid Dynamics
Gas Turbine Inlet Air Cooling for Performance Enhancement; Presented by Roozbeh Parhizkar

A Review on Gas Turbine Cycle/OperationA Review on Gas Turbine Cycle/Operation
T 3
2’
2 4
1’
S
1
1’
S

Gas Turbine Cycle SimulationGas Turbine Cycle Simulation
 wVVhhq  )(
2
1
) 2
1
2
212Steady State Energy Equation:Steady State Energy Equation:
Compressor:Compressor:
2
)()( 121212 TTChhw Compressor:Compressor:
1
)()( 121212 TTChhw p
CombustionCombustion
h bh b
2 3 )()( 232323 TTChhq p 
Chamber:Chamber:
3
T biT bi
p
)()( TTChh
4
Turbine:Turbine: )()( 434334 TTChhw p 
4
)()( 1243 TTCTTCw Gas Turbine Net Power Output:Gas Turbine Net Power Output:
)()( 1243 TTCTTCw ppGas Turbine Net Power Output:Gas Turbine Net Power Output:

Inlet Air Temperature EffectInlet Air Temperature Effect









)()( 1
1
1
1
113



rTTCw P




13


r
P
P
wV
RT
P
wVwmW   
3 3T
 Reduction in Power4  Reduction in Power
 Reduction in Fuel
Consumption
2
4
2
4
p
1 1
S

1 15
GT gross power(kW) GT gross LHV eff(%)
Compressor inlet mass flow(kg/s) Turbine exhaust tempereature(%)
1.1
1.15 p ( g ) p ( )
1
1.05
s(%)
0.95
1
lizedValues
0.85
0.9
Normal
0.8
0.75
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Compressor Inlet Temperature (°C)

Ambient Temperature Net Power Efficiency
= ++
10C 0.7% 0.2%

Gas Turbine Inlet Air Cooling MethodsGas Turbine Inlet Air Cooling Methods
• Refrigeration Systemsg y
‐ Mechanical Chillers
‐ Absorption ChillersAbsorption Chillers
‐ Thermal Energy Storage
(TES)(TES)
• Evaporative Methods• Evaporative Methods
‐ Evaporative Coolers
I l F‐ Inlet Fogging

Gas Turbine Inlet Air Cooling MethodsGas Turbine Inlet Air Cooling Methods
• Evaporative Cooler • Chiller Coils
• Economical operation • Independent of ambient humidity
• Uncomplicated system
• Depends on ambient relative
humidity
• Applicable for small or large systems
• Broad range of cooling achievable
(down to 7°C)humidity
• Needs source of make‐up water
(down to 7 C)
• Needs source of chilled water
• Causes slightly higher ΔP

Evaporative Cooling MethodsEvaporative Cooling Methods
• Evaporative Cooling Process on the Psychrometric Chart
CITTDB
TT
CITT
e


WBDB TT 

Evaporative Cooling MethodsEvaporative Cooling Methods
• Constraint: Ambient Wet Bulb Temperature Ambient Relative Humidity

Gas Turbine Inlet Air FoggingGas Turbine Inlet Air Fogging

Gas Turbine Inlet Air Fogging EffectGas Turbine Inlet Air Fogging Effect
30
25
(°C)
20
mperature(
15
orInletTem
10
Compresso
5
10
5
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Ambient Temperature (°C)

Inlet Air Fogging Effects on Gas Turbine Inlet Inlet Air Fogging Effects on Gas Turbine Inlet
Temperature Temperature pp
50
Without cooling Fog
40
45
C)
35
40
perature(°
25
30
rInletTem
15
20
ompresso
5
10
C
5
15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Inlet Air Fogging Effects on Compressor Mass Inlet Air Fogging Effects on Compressor Mass
Flow Rate Flow Rate
420
Without cooling Fog
410
420
g/s)
400
ssFlow(kg
380
390
rInletMas
370
ompresso
350
360
Co
15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Inlet Air Fogging Effects on Gas Turbine Output Inlet Air Fogging Effects on Gas Turbine Output
Power Power
130000
Without cooling Fog
125000
130000
115000
120000
put(kW)
110000
115000
rossOutp
105000
GTG
95000
100000
15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Inlet Air Fogging Effects on Gas Turbine Efficiency Inlet Air Fogging Effects on Gas Turbine Efficiency
34 5
Without cooling Fog
34
34.5
)
33.5
ciency(%)
33
sLHVEffic
32.5
GTGross
31.5
32
15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Design and Operational IssuesDesign and Operational Issues
► I► Issues:
• Nozzles Arrangement
• Variations in Ambient Air Conditions
• Variations in Mass Flow Rate
► Remedies:
Design Stage CFD Simulation
Operation Stage Online Monitoring System

Computational Fluid DynamicsComputational Fluid Dynamics
•• Governing EquationsGoverning Equations
Continuous Phase (Air) Disperses Phase (Water)
  Mi
i
Su
xt









  2
Pwsc
P
dYYk
dt
dm
 
    jj
i
ij
j
ji
i
i Fg
xx
p
uu
x
u
t















T  
GD
P
FF
dt
du

ddT
Y  
    H
i
eff
i
iP
i
P S
x
T
k
x
TuC
x
TC
t
















   fg
P
PP
P
PP h
dt
dm
dTTh
dt
dT
Cm  2

w
i
w
i
w
i
w S
x
Y
D
x
uY
x
Y
t
















 )()(

CFD ResultsCFD Results
•• Ting Wang; IMECETing Wang; IMECE200420046013360133

Simulating Real/Applied GeometrySimulating Real/Applied Geometry

GT Inlet Cooling

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