The document summarizes India's growth and pattern of industrialization from 1951-1991 and 1991 onwards. During 1951-1965, India established an industrial base with over 7% average industrial growth and over 10% growth in capital goods and basic industries. From 1965-1976, industrial growth slowed to less than 5% due to various factors. Industrial growth recovered from 1976-1990 due to huge public sector investment and liberalization policies. From 1991-1994 industrial growth slowed to 2.3% due to inadequate forex reserves and a tight monetary policy. Growth revived from 1994-1996 due to growth in exports and government investment. Growth slowed again from 1997-2002 except for 1999-2000, and recovered from 2002-2007 with 8.
Unit: 1 Introduction to Indian Economy : Alternative Development Strategies – Trends in
National Income, Growth and Structure since 1991 - New Industrial Policy 1991 – Recent changes
in Trade Policy - Competition Policy - Public Sector Reform - Privatization and Disinvestments –
Progress of Human Development in India
Unit: 2 Planning and Economic Development : Redefining the Role of the State – Human Capital
Formation in India – Problem of Foreign Aid – Economic Reforms and Reduction of Poverty –
Measures to Remove Regional Disparities
Unit: 3 Indian Industries : Review of Industrial Growth under 10th and 11th Five year plan -
Growth and present state of IT industry in India – Outsourcing, Nationalism and Globalization –
Small Sector Industrial Policy
Unit: 4 a) Foreign Trade: Trends of Exports and Imports of India – Composition of India’s
Foreign Trade - Direction of India’s Foreign Trade – Growth and Structure of India’s Foreign
Trade since 1991 – Balance of Payments since the New Economic Reforms of 1991.
b) Foreign Capital : Need for Foreign Capital – Foreign Investment Inflows – Role of Special
Economic Zones (SEZ)
Unit: 5 India in the Global Setting : India in Global Trade – Liberalization and Integration with
the Global Economy – Globalization Strategies – India’s Foreign Exchange Reserves –
Convertibility of the Rupee – WTO and India.
Industrialization is first chapter of Growth & Structure of Industries. This presentation helps students to understand understanding of Industrialization in India and classification of Industries in India.
Unit: 1 Introduction to Indian Economy : Alternative Development Strategies – Trends in
National Income, Growth and Structure since 1991 - New Industrial Policy 1991 – Recent changes
in Trade Policy - Competition Policy - Public Sector Reform - Privatization and Disinvestments –
Progress of Human Development in India
Unit: 2 Planning and Economic Development : Redefining the Role of the State – Human Capital
Formation in India – Problem of Foreign Aid – Economic Reforms and Reduction of Poverty –
Measures to Remove Regional Disparities
Unit: 3 Indian Industries : Review of Industrial Growth under 10th and 11th Five year plan -
Growth and present state of IT industry in India – Outsourcing, Nationalism and Globalization –
Small Sector Industrial Policy
Unit: 4 a) Foreign Trade: Trends of Exports and Imports of India – Composition of India’s
Foreign Trade - Direction of India’s Foreign Trade – Growth and Structure of India’s Foreign
Trade since 1991 – Balance of Payments since the New Economic Reforms of 1991.
b) Foreign Capital : Need for Foreign Capital – Foreign Investment Inflows – Role of Special
Economic Zones (SEZ)
Unit: 5 India in the Global Setting : India in Global Trade – Liberalization and Integration with
the Global Economy – Globalization Strategies – India’s Foreign Exchange Reserves –
Convertibility of the Rupee – WTO and India.
Industrialization is first chapter of Growth & Structure of Industries. This presentation helps students to understand understanding of Industrialization in India and classification of Industries in India.
Introduction
The industrial policy means the procedures, principles, policies rules and regulations which control the industrial undertaking of the country and pattern of industrialization. It explains the approach of Government in context to the development of industrial sector. In India the key objective of the economic policy is to achieve self-reliance in all sectors of the economy and to develop socialistic pattern of society. The industrial policy in the pre-reform period i.e. before1991 put greater emphasis on the state intervention in the field of industrial development. These policies no doubt have resulted into the creation of diversified industrial structure but caused a number of inefficiencies, distortions and rigidities in the system. Thus during late 70’s and 80’s, Government initiated liberalization measures in the industrial policy framework. The drastic liberalization measures were however, carried out in 1991.
Industrial Policies Prior to 1991
Industrial Policy Resolution, 1948
The first important industrial policy statement was made in the Industrial policy Resolution (IPR), 1948. The main thrust of IPR, 1948 was to lay down the foundation of mixed economy whereby the private and public sector was accepted as important components in the development of industrial economy of India. The policy divided the industries into four broad categories:
(i) Industries with Exclusive State Monopoly: It included industries engaged in the activity of atomic energy, railways and arms and ammunition.
(ii) Industries with Government Control: It included the industries of national importance and so needs to be registered. 18 such industries were put under this category eg. fertilizers, heavy chemical, heavy machinery etc.
(iii) Industries in the Mixed Sector: It included the industries where private and public sector were allowed to operate. Government was allowed to review the situation to acquire any existing private undertaking.
(iv)Industries under Private Sector: Industries not covered by above categories fell in this category.
IPR, 1948 gave public sector vast area to operate. Government took the role of catalytic agent of industrial development. The resolution assigned complementary role to small-scale and cottage industries. The foreign capital which was seen with suspect in the pre-independent era was recognized as an important tool to speedup up industrial development
Introduction
The industrial policy means the procedures, principles, policies rules and regulations which control the industrial undertaking of the country and pattern of industrialization. It explains the approach of Government in context to the development of industrial sector. In India the key objective of the economic policy is to achieve self-reliance in all sectors of the economy and to develop socialistic pattern of society. The industrial policy in the pre-reform period i.e. before1991 put greater emphasis on the state intervention in the field of industrial development. These policies no doubt have resulted into the creation of diversified industrial structure but caused a number of inefficiencies, distortions and rigidities in the system. Thus during late 70’s and 80’s, Government initiated liberalization measures in the industrial policy framework. The drastic liberalization measures were however, carried out in 1991.
Industrial Policies Prior to 1991
Industrial Policy Resolution, 1948
The first important industrial policy statement was made in the Industrial policy Resolution (IPR), 1948. The main thrust of IPR, 1948 was to lay down the foundation of mixed economy whereby the private and public sector was accepted as important components in the development of industrial economy of India. The policy divided the industries into four broad categories:
(i) Industries with Exclusive State Monopoly: It included industries engaged in the activity of atomic energy, railways and arms and ammunition.
(ii) Industries with Government Control: It included the industries of national importance and so needs to be registered. 18 such industries were put under this category eg. fertilizers, heavy chemical, heavy machinery etc.
(iii) Industries in the Mixed Sector: It included the industries where private and public sector were allowed to operate. Government was allowed to review the situation to acquire any existing private undertaking.
(iv)Industries under Private Sector: Industries not covered by above categories fell in this category.
IPR, 1948 gave public sector vast area to operate. Government took the role of catalytic agent of industrial development. The resolution assigned complementary role to small-scale and cottage industries. The foreign capital which was seen with suspect in the pre-independent era was recognized as an important tool to speedup up industrial development
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Energy Efficiency & Industrial Productivity - Gaining through Saving, Julia Reinaud
IIP discusses industrial productivity at the International Energy Agency's (IEA) Workshop on the Multiple Benefits of Energy Efficiency, March 14, 2012
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Indonesian Policy of Industrialization Now and in the Future (Direction)
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Analysis of recent transactions in Internet Machinery Industry detailing on Transaction Multiples (Revenue & EBITDA), Multiples Chart, Active Buyers & Transaction Data. A goldmine of resource for Entrepreneurs.
India Orthopedic Devices Market: Unlocking Growth Secrets, Trends and Develop...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, “India Orthopedic Devices Market -Industry Size, Share, Trends, Competition Forecast & Opportunities, 2030”, the India Orthopedic Devices Market stood at USD 1,280.54 Million in 2024 and is anticipated to grow with a CAGR of 7.84% in the forecast period, 2026-2030F. The India Orthopedic Devices Market is being driven by several factors. The most prominent ones include an increase in the elderly population, who are more prone to orthopedic conditions such as osteoporosis and arthritis. Moreover, the rise in sports injuries and road accidents are also contributing to the demand for orthopedic devices. Advances in technology and the introduction of innovative implants and prosthetics have further propelled the market growth. Additionally, government initiatives aimed at improving healthcare infrastructure and the increasing prevalence of lifestyle diseases have led to an upward trend in orthopedic surgeries, thereby fueling the market demand for these devices.
As a business owner in Delaware, staying on top of your tax obligations is paramount, especially with the annual deadline for Delaware Franchise Tax looming on March 1. One such obligation is the annual Delaware Franchise Tax, which serves as a crucial requirement for maintaining your company’s legal standing within the state. While the prospect of handling tax matters may seem daunting, rest assured that the process can be straightforward with the right guidance. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll walk you through the steps of filing your Delaware Franchise Tax and provide insights to help you navigate the process effectively.
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RMD24 | Debunking the non-endemic revenue myth Marvin Vacquier Droop | First ...BBPMedia1
Marvin neemt je in deze presentatie mee in de voordelen van non-endemic advertising op retail media netwerken. Hij brengt ook de uitdagingen in beeld die de markt op dit moment heeft op het gebied van retail media voor niet-leveranciers.
Retail media wordt gezien als het nieuwe advertising-medium en ook mediabureaus richten massaal retail media-afdelingen op. Merken die niet in de betreffende winkel liggen staan ook nog niet in de rij om op de retail media netwerken te adverteren. Marvin belicht de uitdagingen die er zijn om echt aansluiting te vinden op die markt van non-endemic advertising.
Taurus Zodiac Sign_ Personality Traits and Sign Dates.pptxmy Pandit
Explore the world of the Taurus zodiac sign. Learn about their stability, determination, and appreciation for beauty. Discover how Taureans' grounded nature and hardworking mindset define their unique personality.
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Business Valuation Principles for EntrepreneursBen Wann
This insightful presentation is designed to equip entrepreneurs with the essential knowledge and tools needed to accurately value their businesses. Understanding business valuation is crucial for making informed decisions, whether you're seeking investment, planning to sell, or simply want to gauge your company's worth.
Unveiling the Secrets How Does Generative AI Work.pdfSam H
At its core, generative artificial intelligence relies on the concept of generative models, which serve as engines that churn out entirely new data resembling their training data. It is like a sculptor who has studied so many forms found in nature and then uses this knowledge to create sculptures from his imagination that have never been seen before anywhere else. If taken to cyberspace, gans work almost the same way.
Enterprise Excellence is Inclusive Excellence.pdfKaiNexus
Enterprise excellence and inclusive excellence are closely linked, and real-world challenges have shown that both are essential to the success of any organization. To achieve enterprise excellence, organizations must focus on improving their operations and processes while creating an inclusive environment that engages everyone. In this interactive session, the facilitator will highlight commonly established business practices and how they limit our ability to engage everyone every day. More importantly, though, participants will likely gain increased awareness of what we can do differently to maximize enterprise excellence through deliberate inclusion.
What is Enterprise Excellence?
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What might I learn?
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Who might benefit? Anyone and everyone leading folks from the shop floor to top floor.
Dr. William Harvey is a seasoned Operations Leader with extensive experience in chemical processing, manufacturing, and operations management. At Michelman, he currently oversees multiple sites, leading teams in strategic planning and coaching/practicing continuous improvement. William is set to start his eighth year of teaching at the University of Cincinnati where he teaches marketing, finance, and management. William holds various certifications in change management, quality, leadership, operational excellence, team building, and DiSC, among others.
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Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey throu...dylandmeas
Discover the innovative and creative projects that highlight my journey through Full Sail University. Below, you’ll find a collection of my work showcasing my skills and expertise in digital marketing, event planning, and media production.
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Sustainability has become an increasingly critical topic as the world recognizes the need to protect our planet and its resources for future generations. Sustainability means meeting our current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. It involves long-term planning and consideration of the consequences of our actions. The goal is to create strategies that ensure the long-term viability of People, Planet, and Profit.
Leading companies such as Nike, Toyota, and Siemens are prioritizing sustainable innovation in their business models, setting an example for others to follow. In this Sustainability training presentation, you will learn key concepts, principles, and practices of sustainability applicable across industries. This training aims to create awareness and educate employees, senior executives, consultants, and other key stakeholders, including investors, policymakers, and supply chain partners, on the importance and implementation of sustainability.
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1. Develop a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental principles and concepts that form the foundation of sustainability within corporate environments.
2. Explore the sustainability implementation model, focusing on effective measures and reporting strategies to track and communicate sustainability efforts.
3. Identify and define best practices and critical success factors essential for achieving sustainability goals within organizations.
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1. Introduction and Key Concepts of Sustainability
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Memorandum Of Association Constitution of Company.pptseri bangash
www.seribangash.com
A Memorandum of Association (MOA) is a legal document that outlines the fundamental principles and objectives upon which a company operates. It serves as the company's charter or constitution and defines the scope of its activities. Here's a detailed note on the MOA:
Contents of Memorandum of Association:
Name Clause: This clause states the name of the company, which should end with words like "Limited" or "Ltd." for a public limited company and "Private Limited" or "Pvt. Ltd." for a private limited company.
https://seribangash.com/article-of-association-is-legal-doc-of-company/
Registered Office Clause: It specifies the location where the company's registered office is situated. This office is where all official communications and notices are sent.
Objective Clause: This clause delineates the main objectives for which the company is formed. It's important to define these objectives clearly, as the company cannot undertake activities beyond those mentioned in this clause.
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Liability Clause: It outlines the extent of liability of the company's members. In the case of companies limited by shares, the liability of members is limited to the amount unpaid on their shares. For companies limited by guarantee, members' liability is limited to the amount they undertake to contribute if the company is wound up.
https://seribangash.com/promotors-is-person-conceived-formation-company/
Capital Clause: This clause specifies the authorized capital of the company, i.e., the maximum amount of share capital the company is authorized to issue. It also mentions the division of this capital into shares and their respective nominal value.
Association Clause: It simply states that the subscribers wish to form a company and agree to become members of it, in accordance with the terms of the MOA.
Importance of Memorandum of Association:
Legal Requirement: The MOA is a legal requirement for the formation of a company. It must be filed with the Registrar of Companies during the incorporation process.
Constitutional Document: It serves as the company's constitutional document, defining its scope, powers, and limitations.
Protection of Members: It protects the interests of the company's members by clearly defining the objectives and limiting their liability.
External Communication: It provides clarity to external parties, such as investors, creditors, and regulatory authorities, regarding the company's objectives and powers.
https://seribangash.com/difference-public-and-private-company-law/
Binding Authority: The company and its members are bound by the provisions of the MOA. Any action taken beyond its scope may be considered ultra vires (beyond the powers) of the company and therefore void.
Amendment of MOA:
While the MOA lays down the company's fundamental principles, it is not entirely immutable. It can be amended, but only under specific circumstances and in compliance with legal procedures. Amendments typically require shareholder
Memorandum Of Association Constitution of Company.ppt
Grth.& pattern of indus.
1. GROWTH & PATTERN OF INDUSTRIALISATION GROWTH OF INDUSTRIES DURING 1951-1991 PERIOD & PATTERN REASONS 1951 -65 : ESTABLISHING INDUSTRIAL BASE AVERAGE INDUSTRIAL GROWTH – MORE THAN 7% & CAPITAL & BASIC GOODS = MORE THAN 10% MAHALNOBIS MODEL, HUGE INVESTMENTS IN BASIC GOODS BY PUBLIC SECTOR 1965 – 76 :SLOW GROWTH INDUSTRIAL GROWTH RATE, LESS THAN 5% SLOW GROWTH OF AGRI,,INFRA., LICENSING, MRTP, FERA, PAKISTAN WARS OF 65 & 71, OIL CRISIS OF 1973, DRAUGHT 65-66 1976-1990 : INDUSTRIAL RECOVERY HUGE PUBLIC SECTOR INVESTMENT, LIBERALISATION, FISCAL INCENTIVES, LIBERAL TRADE POLICIES
2. INDUSTRIAL GROWTH SINCE 1991 PERIOD & PHASE REASONS 1991-94: SLOW DOWN 2.3% IN 1992-93; NEGATIVE GROWTH OF CAPITAL GOODS SECTOR; -4.1% INADEQUATE FOREX RESERVES, AFTER DEVALUATION EXPENSIVE INDUSTRIAL EXPORTS,LIQUIDITY CRUNCH IN BANKS DUE TO TIGHT MONETARY POLICY, WAIT & WATCH APROACH OF DOMESTIC INVESTORS 1994-96: REVIVAL 9.1% IN 1994-95 13% IN 1995-96 GROWTH IN EXPORTS, STABILITY IN AGRO GROWTH, MORE GOVT. INVESTMENT, MORE CONSUMPTION DEMAND, LOWER CRR, SLR & THUS MORE FUNDS 1997-02: IN GENERAL SLOW DOWN EXCEPT 99-00 5%, IN 01-02, 2.7% 97-98, FALL IN AGRO PRODUCTION, STAGNATED INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT, EXTRA CAUTIOUS BANKS LESS EXPORTS, LARGE INDUSTRIES SPENT FOR RESTRUCTURING & NOT FOR EXPANSION
3. 2002-07: RECOVERY 8.2% GROWTH IN MANUFACTURING DUE TO MICRO & MEDIUM ENTERPRISES 2007 – 08 ONWARDS DECLINE IN GENERAL GROWTH DECLINED FROM 11.6% IN 06-07 TO 8.5% IN 07-08 & MANUFACTURING TO 2.4% IN 08-09 AS PER ECO SURVEY 07-08 PERSISTANT RISE IN CRUDE OIL & METAL PRICES, GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS, RECESSION, DECLINE IN EXPORTS & ALSO DOMESTIC DEMAND PATTERN OF INDUSTRIALIZATION Use based classification of industries Basic goods capital goods intermediate goods consumer goods Durable Non-durables Minerals, metals, Crude oil, chemicals Machines, Equipment, Engineering goods Coal, cement, steel, Power, Dominant prior to 90’s Now – developed basic goods indus.Shift to these after 80’s
4. On the basis of ownership Public private joint Role of public sector is falling down Problems of Industrial sector Infrastructural Constraints Industrial Productivity Employment is falling: 1994-2007, % growth of employment by organised sector = -0.03 Burden of Public Sector: CPSEs during 2008-09 – 158 net profit & 54 losses Industrial Sickness: Board of Industrial & Financial Reconstruction BIFR (7158 ref.) Regional Imbalances New challenges Industrial Pollution
