A market can be defined as a group of firms willing and able to sell a similar product or service to the same potential buyers.
Imperfect competition covers all situations where there is neither pure competition nor pure monopoly.
Perfect competition and pure monopoly are very unlikely to be found in the real world.
In the real world, it is the imperfect competition lying between perfect competition and pure monopoly.
The fundamental distinguishing characteristic of imperfect competition is that average revenue curve slopes downwards throughout its length, but it slopes downwards at different rates in different categories of imperfect competition.
Monopoly refers to the market situation where there is a
Single seller selling a product which has no close substitutes.
Monopolies are characterized by a lack of economic competition to produce the good or service, a lack of viable substitute goods, and the existence of a high monopoly price well above the firm's marginal cost that leads to a high monopoly profit
The word “oligopoly” comes from the Greek “oligos” meaning "little or small” and “polein” meaning “to sell.” When “oligos” is used in the plural, it means “few” ,few firms or few sellers.
DEFINATION:
Oligopoly is that form of market where there are few firms and there is natural interdependence among the firms regarding price and output policy.
Study the international Finance at the macro level. In this slide we will see the Current Account situation of several countries and Vietnam on focus (as of 2008).
In slide 2.2 we will see how to Finance the Current Account deficit.
A market can be defined as a group of firms willing and able to sell a similar product or service to the same potential buyers.
Imperfect competition covers all situations where there is neither pure competition nor pure monopoly.
Perfect competition and pure monopoly are very unlikely to be found in the real world.
In the real world, it is the imperfect competition lying between perfect competition and pure monopoly.
The fundamental distinguishing characteristic of imperfect competition is that average revenue curve slopes downwards throughout its length, but it slopes downwards at different rates in different categories of imperfect competition.
Monopoly refers to the market situation where there is a
Single seller selling a product which has no close substitutes.
Monopolies are characterized by a lack of economic competition to produce the good or service, a lack of viable substitute goods, and the existence of a high monopoly price well above the firm's marginal cost that leads to a high monopoly profit
The word “oligopoly” comes from the Greek “oligos” meaning "little or small” and “polein” meaning “to sell.” When “oligos” is used in the plural, it means “few” ,few firms or few sellers.
DEFINATION:
Oligopoly is that form of market where there are few firms and there is natural interdependence among the firms regarding price and output policy.
Study the international Finance at the macro level. In this slide we will see the Current Account situation of several countries and Vietnam on focus (as of 2008).
In slide 2.2 we will see how to Finance the Current Account deficit.
Download these notes and other resources at https://WeAreQurious.com/Economics
Teaching, learning and revision notes for Market Efficiency in A-Level Economics and IB Economics for all exam boards (Edexcel, AQA, OCR, Eduqas).
Download these notes and other resources at https://WeAreQurious.com/Economics
Teaching, learning and revision notes for Monopsony in A-Level Economics and IB Economics for all exam boards (Edexcel, AQA, OCR, Eduqas, WJEC).
Students should be able to:
Understand the characteristics of this market structure with particular reference to the interdependence of firms
Explain the behaviour of firms in this market structure
Explain reasons for collusive and non-collusive behaviour
Evaluate the reasons why firms may wish to pursue both overt and tacit collusion
Download these notes and other resources at https://WeAreQurious.com/Economics
Teaching, learning and revision notes for Market Efficiency in A-Level Economics and IB Economics for all exam boards (Edexcel, AQA, OCR, Eduqas).
Download these notes and other resources at https://WeAreQurious.com/Economics
Teaching, learning and revision notes for Monopsony in A-Level Economics and IB Economics for all exam boards (Edexcel, AQA, OCR, Eduqas, WJEC).
Students should be able to:
Understand the characteristics of this market structure with particular reference to the interdependence of firms
Explain the behaviour of firms in this market structure
Explain reasons for collusive and non-collusive behaviour
Evaluate the reasons why firms may wish to pursue both overt and tacit collusion
This presentation is all about the Merger and Acquisitions, it includes many Indian examples of Mergers and Acquisitions. it also provide you detailed information aboubt ==
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BYD SWOT Analysis and In-Depth Insights 2024.pptxmikemetalprod
Indepth analysis of the BYD 2024
BYD (Build Your Dreams) is a Chinese automaker and battery manufacturer that has snowballed over the past two decades to become a significant player in electric vehicles and global clean energy technology.
This SWOT analysis examines BYD's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats as it competes in the fast-changing automotive and energy storage industries.
Founded in 1995 and headquartered in Shenzhen, BYD started as a battery company before expanding into automobiles in the early 2000s.
Initially manufacturing gasoline-powered vehicles, BYD focused on plug-in hybrid and fully electric vehicles, leveraging its expertise in battery technology.
Today, BYD is the world’s largest electric vehicle manufacturer, delivering over 1.2 million electric cars globally. The company also produces electric buses, trucks, forklifts, and rail transit.
On the energy side, BYD is a major supplier of rechargeable batteries for cell phones, laptops, electric vehicles, and energy storage systems.
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024 - Ricerca sulle Startup e il Sistema dell'Innov...Quotidiano Piemontese
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024
Una ricerca de il Club degli Investitori, in collaborazione con ToTeM Torino Tech Map e con il supporto della ESCP Business School e di Growth Capital
how to swap pi coins to foreign currency withdrawable.DOT TECH
As of my last update, Pi is still in the testing phase and is not tradable on any exchanges.
However, Pi Network has announced plans to launch its Testnet and Mainnet in the future, which may include listing Pi on exchanges.
The current method for selling pi coins involves exchanging them with a pi vendor who purchases pi coins for investment reasons.
If you want to sell your pi coins, reach out to a pi vendor and sell them to anyone looking to sell pi coins from any country around the globe.
Below is the contact information for my personal pi vendor.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
what is the best method to sell pi coins in 2024DOT TECH
The best way to sell your pi coins safely is trading with an exchange..but since pi is not launched in any exchange, and second option is through a VERIFIED pi merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and pioneers and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive amounts before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade pi coins with.
@Pi_vendor_247
Even tho Pi network is not listed on any exchange yet.
Buying/Selling or investing in pi network coins is highly possible through the help of vendors. You can buy from vendors[ buy directly from the pi network miners and resell it]. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal vendor.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins at high rate quickly.DOT TECH
Where can I sell my pi coins at a high rate.
Pi is not launched yet on any exchange. But one can easily sell his or her pi coins to investors who want to hold pi till mainnet launch.
This means crypto whales want to hold pi. And you can get a good rate for selling pi to them. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor below.
A vendor is someone who buys from a miner and resell it to a holder or crypto whale.
Here is the telegram contact of my vendor:
@Pi_vendor_247
What price will pi network be listed on exchangesDOT TECH
The rate at which pi will be listed is practically unknown. But due to speculations surrounding it the predicted rate is tends to be from 30$ — 50$.
So if you are interested in selling your pi network coins at a high rate tho. Or you can't wait till the mainnet launch in 2026. You can easily trade your pi coins with a merchant.
A merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive quantities till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi vendor to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins effectively (from 50 - 100k pi)DOT TECH
Anywhere in the world, including Africa, America, and Europe, you can sell Pi Network Coins online and receive cash through online payment options.
Pi has not yet been launched on any exchange because we are currently using the confined Mainnet. The planned launch date for Pi is June 28, 2026.
Reselling to investors who want to hold until the mainnet launch in 2026 is currently the sole way to sell.
Consequently, right now. All you need to do is select the right pi network provider.
Who is a pi merchant?
An individual who buys coins from miners on the pi network and resells them to investors hoping to hang onto them until the mainnet is launched is known as a pi merchant.
debuts.
I'll provide you the Telegram username
@Pi_vendor_247
how can I sell pi coins after successfully completing KYCDOT TECH
Pi coins is not launched yet in any exchange 💱 this means it's not swappable, the current pi displaying on coin market cap is the iou version of pi. And you can learn all about that on my previous post.
RIGHT NOW THE ONLY WAY you can sell pi coins is through verified pi merchants. A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges and crypto whales. Looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before the mainnet launch.
This is because pi network is not doing any pre-sale or ico offerings, the only way to get my coins is from buying from miners. So a merchant facilitates the transactions between the miners and these exchanges holding pi.
I and my friends has sold more than 6000 pi coins successfully with this method. I will be happy to share the contact of my personal pi merchant. The one i trade with, if you have your own merchant you can trade with them. For those who are new.
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram.
I wouldn't advise you selling all percentage of the pi coins. Leave at least a before so its a win win during open mainnet. Have a nice day pioneers ♥️
#kyc #mainnet #picoins #pi #sellpi #piwallet
#pinetwork
how to sell pi coins in South Korea profitably.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network coins in South Korea or any other country, by finding a verified pi merchant
What is a verified pi merchant?
Since pi network is not launched yet on any exchange, the only way you can sell pi coins is by selling to a verified pi merchant, and this is because pi network is not launched yet on any exchange and no pre-sale or ico offerings Is done on pi.
Since there is no pre-sale, the only way exchanges can get pi is by buying from miners. So a pi merchant facilitates these transactions by acting as a bridge for both transactions.
How can i find a pi vendor/merchant?
Well for those who haven't traded with a pi merchant or who don't already have one. I will leave the telegram id of my personal pi merchant who i trade pi with.
Tele gram: @Pi_vendor_247
#pi #sell #nigeria #pinetwork #picoins #sellpi #Nigerian #tradepi #pinetworkcoins #sellmypi
1. GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF FIRMS
- PART1
(A2 Economics)
1. Size of the firms
2. Growth of firms
3. How can firms grow?
2. Learning O bjectives
- explain the reasons for size of firms
- distinction between internal and external growth
such as integration, diversification, mergers,
acquisitions
3. Sizeofthefirms
There are many measures of the size of a firm. Some
of the measures are:
a) number of employees
b)value of sales = sales turnover or total annual
revenue
c) value of fixed capital employed,
d) market share out of total demand,
e) others e.g. tonnage for ships, acreage for farming.
4. Growth offirms
The firm may have different objectives for
expanding:
1) to achieve economies of scale
2)to obtain greater share of the market and hence
greater monopoly power
3)to reduce risks with a wider range of products
and services and markets
4) to increase profits
5. Howcan firms grow?
1)Internal growth - The firm increases its size by
producing more of its existing products or
extending its range of products.
2)External growth - The firm grows when it joins
forces with another firm or other firms to
form a larger firm. This means that the growth is
much faster than internal expansion.
6. Mergers
This occurs when two or more firms merge to form a
bigger organization. This
integration may be
i)Vertical integration takes place when firms in the same
industry but at different stages of production process join
together. There are two types of vertical merger:
- Forward integration
- Backward integration
7. Vertical Forward Integration
Forward integration: This involves the firm
buying/merging with firms which serve the customer.
Example: when a clothing manufacturing firm buys retail
outlets; beer producing companies in the U.K. buy pubs.
This is usually done to increase sale of their product.
8. Vertical Backward Integration
Backward integration: This occurs when the firm
buys/merges with its source of supply. Example: tyre
manufacturer in U.K. buys a rubber plantation
in Malaysia. This will ensure greater security and control
of raw materials.
Quality and quantity of raw materials can also be
controlled. The amount of raw materials being available
to competitors is also controlled.
10. Horizontal integration
ii) Horizontal integration takes place when firms in
the same industry, at the same stage in production
process integrate.
Example: POSBank and DBS. The bigger bank will
have a greater share of the market - market
dominance.
12. Lateral Integration
is the merger of two firms who sell related
goods or services but the firms do not compete
directly with each other.
Example: A book publisher might acquire a
magazine/newspaper publisher or even
television and other media products
13. Conglomerate Integration
Conglomerates take place when firms from
totally different industries merge.
These firms do not share similar products or
services.
Example: a shipyard buys up a firm producing
bread. The objective for this type of merger is
more for diversification to reduce risks.
15. Acquisitions
Acquisitions (takeovers) take place when a firm
buys up a smaller firm and absorbs it
completely. The smaller firm loses its identity
and will cease to exist. Another example of a
takeover exists when a company buys up 51 %
of a company's share and acquires 'controlling
interest'. The smaller company will still function
under its own identity. A 'holding company' is
usually established.
19. Q1
What is one of the long-term benefits to a firm of
vertical integration?
A a concentration on activities in which the firm has a
comparative advantage
B a reduction in the total costs involved in agreeing
contracts with other firms
C an increase in the firm’s market share
D improvements in efficiency resulting from
increased use of market incentives
20. Q 2
The takeover of a life assurance company by a bank is
an example of
A horizontal integration.
B lateral integration.
C vertical backwards integration.
D vertical forwards integration.
21. Q 3
An example of forward vertical integration for a
computer manufacturer would be a merger with
A another computer manufacturer.
B a computer retailer.
C a silicon chip manufacturer.
D a software developer.
