Ethics concern an individual's moral judgements about right and wrong. Decisions taken within an organisation may be made by individuals or groups, but whoever makes them will be influenced by the culture of the company.

2. BY: CHELDY SYGACO ELUMBA-PABLEO,MPA,LLB

3. An organization as defined as
a group, in number from two
people to tens of thousands
that intentionally strives to
established a shared common
goal or set of goals.

4. Organizations are systems,
meaning that an
organization is consist of
highly integrated parts or
groups to accomplish shared
goals.

5. An organizational system is
composed of inputs
(resources—monetary and
human), processes (how the
organization moves to
achieve goals), output,
(products or services).

6.  An open system, such as a health care
organizations, focuses on external
relationship which places organizations in
a larger context or environment.
 An open system consist of relations with
suppliers, regulatory bodies, customers,
allies and competitors.
 These external influences help to guide
the internal process of the organizations.

8.  An organization forms when
individuals with varied interests
and different backgrounds unite
on a common platform and
work together towards
predefined goals and objectives.

9.  A code of ethics within an
organization is a set of
principles that is used to
guide the organization in its
decisions, programs, and
policies.

10. Develop ethical
behavioural influences
ROLE OF
LEADEERS
Build an integrity based
organization
Provide sound ethics
training
Implement plans and
strategies to achieve ethical
excellence
Instil strong organizational
values
“The ethics of the organization reflect the ethics and skills of leaders”

11.  1. LEADERSHIP--The culture of
an ethical business is defined
starting from the very top of
the organizational chart. For a
business to be ethical, its
leaders must demonstrate
ethical practices in any
situation.

12.  The true test of this leadership is in the decision-
making process when there is a choice between what
is ethically responsible and what will result in profit or
gain.
 Leaders who can consciously choose the path that is
ethically correct, as opposed to one that is purely
financially driven, have successfully created an ethical
culture in the business.
 When the culture is solid at the top of the organization,
it trickles down to all areas and employee.

13.  2. VALUES--An ethical business
has a core value statement that
describes its mission.
 Any business can create a value
statement, but an ethical
business lives by it.

14.  It communicates this mission to every
employee within the structure and
ensures that it is followed.
 The ethical business will institute a code
of conduct that supports its mission.
 This code of conduct is the guideline for
each employee to follow as he carries
out the company's mission.

15.  3. INTEGRITY-- is an all-
encompassing characteristic of
an ethical business.
 The ethical business adheres to
laws and regulations at the local,
state and federal levels.

16.  It treats its employees fairly,
communicating with them honestly
and openly.
 It demonstrates fair dealings with
customers and vendors including
competitive pricing, timely payments
and the highest quality standards in the
manufacture of its products.

17.  4. RESPECT--Ethics and respect go
hand in hand.
 An ethical business demonstrates
respect for its employees by valuing
opinions and treating each employee
as an equal.

18.  The business shows respect for its customers
by listening to feedback and assessing needs.
 An ethical business respects its vendors,
paying on time and utilizing fair buying
practices.
 And an ethical business respects its
community by being environmentally
responsible, showing concern and giving back
as it sees fit

19.  5. LOYALTY--Solid relationships are a
cornerstone of an ethical business.
 Loyal relationships are mutually
beneficial and both parties reap
benefits.
 Employees who work for a loyal
employer want to maintain the
relationship and will work harder
toward that end.

20.  Vendors and customers will remain
loyal to a business that is reliable and
dependable in all situations.
 An ethical business stays loyal to its
partnerships even in challenging
times.
 The result is a stronger relationship
when emerging from the challenge.

21.  CONCERN--An ethical business
has concern for anyone and
anything impacted by the
business.
 This includes customers,
employees, vendors and the
public.

22. Every decision made by the
business is based on the effect
it may have on any one of
these groups of people, or the
environment surrounding it.

24. Refers to an organization’s
beliefs, values, attitudes,
ideologies, practices,
customs, and language.

25. Even the beliefs of the
organizations stem from the
chief executive officer or the
board of trustees, managers
and employees need to be
loyal and committed to the
organization’s goal for culture
to be shaped.

26. 1. POWER. This cultures descriptors’ include
centralization, individual power and
decision making, autocratic, patriarchal
power, fear of punishment, and implicit
rules.
 the values are control, stability and loyalty.

27. 2. BUREAUCRACY –includes hierarchical
structure, emphasis on formal procedure
and rules, clearly defined role requirements
and boundaries of authority, minimized
risks, an impersonal and predictable work
environment employees as cogs and slots,
and positions more important than people.
 The values include efficiency,
predictability, production, and control.

28. 3. ACHIEVEMENT AND INNOVATION– This
include an emphasis on the team, a strong belief
in the mission of the organization, organized
work of task requirements, worker autonomy and
flexibility, decision making pushed to the lower
ranks and the promotion of cross-functional
knowledge and skills .
 The values includes creativity, adaptability, risk
taking and teamwork.

29. 4. SUPPORT– This include egalitarianism,
nurturance of personal growth and
development, usually non-profit
organizations, a safe environment, and a
non-political workplace.
 The value include commitment,
consensus, and growth.

30. 1. ADAPTABILITY CULTURE–
focus on the external
environment where
innovation, creativity, risk
taking, flexibility, and change
are the key elements for
success.

31.  This type of organization creates
change in proactive way in an
effort to anticipate responses and
problem.
 These companies are required to
change quickly in an anticipation
of customer needs.

32. 2. MISSION CULTURE– The
vision and goals are clearly
focused on a high level of
competitiveness and profit-
making strategies.

33.  This type of culture, executives,
and managers strongly
communicate a strategic plan for
the organizations’ employees
and expect high productivity,
performance goals, and fringe
benefits for goal attainment.

34. 3. CLAN CULTURE– The focus
is on employee needs and
the strategies in which
employees can engage for
high performance.

35. Key value in this culture
consist of leaders taking
care of their employees and
making sure they have
appropriate avenues to
satisfaction and
productivity.

36. Responsibility and ownership
are other key values in this
type of culture.
Rapid change occurs in this
environment because of
changing expectations from
the external environment.

37. 4. BUREAUCRATIC CULTURE– The focus
is primarily on the internal environment
where stability is a mainstay.
 Leaders develop and carry out
scrupulous and detailed plans in a
cautious and stable environment with
slow paced change.

38.  In the environment, personal
engagement and involvement is
lower in exchange for a high
level consistency, conformity,
efficiency, and integration.

39. Because of the inflexibility of
this type of culture, many
organizations are forced to
change to a different, more
flexible culture.

40.  No matter which culture is
promoted by organizational leaders,
the point is that the organizational
culture needs to fit with the
organization’s strategy and
environment.

41. For healthy organizational
culture to flourish, elements of
key values must be in place
and practiced.
This values begin with trust as
an underlying integral
premise.

42. TRUST is multifaceted
virtue that serves an
umbrella over the key
values in organizations.

43. SHORE (2017) stated that
ORGANIZATIONAL TRUST
is essential ingredient,
what he labelled as
lubricants, facilitating
everyday business and
interactions.

44. People can trust other people to
follow through with their work
and commitments just as people
in the community can depend
on organizations to uphold their
words and promises to them.

45.  Hold a high value in organizations
because these relationships represent a
formal duty to another or others
imposed by loyalty, commitment, and
organizational structure, meaning that
others have place trust in person to
carry out activities with morally good
judgment related to a position.

46. WILLIAMS (2006)-
emphasized that only when
the key element of fairness
exist can trust thrive in
organizations.

47. Creating a culture of
justice with a focus on
trust is essential for an
organization to flourish.

48. Practicing the virtue of justice
promotes fair distribution among
individuals in the community
while” trust is the adhesive that
binds its members.”

49.  According to Gutmann (1995, as sited in
Williams, 2006, these 2 principles must be
maintain so that community of individuals it
serves can have a sense of fairness:
1. NONDISCRIMINATION in the moral standing
of each person.
2. NONREPRESSION so that each person has a
deliberate voice if so chosen.

50. Without this an
organization cannot
be trustworthy or just.

51.  Although the key virtues of
fairness, honesty, integrity,
respect for others, promise
keeping, and prudence are the
typical values seen in
organizations, the vision and
mission will often determine
the differential values within
each organization.

52.  Some differential values are team
work, community, achievement,
competence, knowledge, creativity,
innovation, agility, having fun,
leading example, valuing diversity,
encouraging others, and
encouraging risk-taking.

53. Organization needs to define
their values operationally
through their philosophy and
mission; likewise, organizations
must define their ethical
practices in writing and verbal
communication.

54. Jack Welch , past chairman and
CEO of Gen. Electrics, once said
“Good business leaders create a
vision, articulate the vision,
passionately own the vision, and
relentlessly drive it to
completion.”

55. Trust in organizations is an
obscure concept that
consist of a web of
convoluted relationships.

56.  A violation of trust in organization
will prompt verbalization such as
angry and sarcastic remarks by
personnel, especially if trust has
been previously entrenched
throughout the organizational
levels.

57. It is less forgiving than
in a relationship where
trust historically exist
between two people.

58.  Researchers have found that trust
critically matters in organizations
because:
1. Trust promotes economic value
within organizations;
2. Trust increases strategic alliances,
teamwork, and productivity;

59. 3. Some personnel (like nurses)
experience a more positive practice
environment as a result of trust;
4. It increased empowerment,
autonomy, and overall job
satisfaction because of trust.

60.  Organizations are sometimes
compared to people in that an
organization functions as a moral
agent that can be held
accountable for its actions,
however, organizational ethics
“focuses on the choices of the
individual and organization.

61.  The term ORGANIZATIONAL ETHICS is
broad concept that includes not only
culture and trust, but also processes,
outcomes, and character denotes “a way
of acting, not a code of principles.
 it is the heart, pumping blood that
perfuse the entire organization with
common sense of purpose and a shared
set of values.”

62.  It refers to an organizations’
attempt to define its mission
and values, recognize values
that could cause tension, seek
best solution to these tensions,
and manage the operations to
maintain its values.

63.  The ethics process serves as a
mechanism for organizations to
address ethical issues regarding
financial, business, management,
and relationship decision.

64. THANK YOU FOR READING!
CHELDHAYE