Certainly! A biopesticide is a type of pesticide derived from natural materials, such as animals, plants, bacteria, and certain minerals. Biopesticides are considered an eco-friendly alternative to conventional chemical pesticides due to their lower environmental impact and often target-specific nature. **Introduction:** Begin by introducing the concept of biopesticides, highlighting their significance in sustainable agriculture and their role in reducing environmental harm compared to traditional pesticides. **Types of Biopesticides:** Discuss the different categories of biopesticides, including microbial pesticides (bacteria, viruses, fungi), biochemical pesticides (plant extracts, pheromones), and plant-incorporated protectants (genetically modified crops). **Advantages of Biopesticides:** Explore the benefits of using biopesticides, such as minimal environmental impact, reduced residue levels in crops, and lower risks to non-target organisms, including humans. **Challenges and Limitations:** Examine the challenges associated with biopesticides, including shorter efficacy periods, potential variability in effectiveness, and regulatory hurdles for approval. **Mode of Action:** Detail how biopesticides work at the molecular or physiological level to control pests. Highlight examples of specific biopesticides and their modes of action. **Applications in Agriculture:** Discuss the practical applications of biopesticides in various crops and farming systems. Provide case studies or examples of successful biopesticide use in pest management. **Environmental Impact:** Compare the environmental impact of biopesticides with traditional chemical pesticides, emphasizing factors like soil health, water quality, and overall ecosystem resilience. **Regulatory Framework:** Examine the regulatory aspects governing biopesticides, including registration requirements, safety assessments, and compliance with environmental standards Regulatory Framework:** Examine the regulatory aspects governing biopesticides, including registration requirements, safety assessments, and compliance with environmental standards Examine the regulatory aspects governing biopesticides, including registration requirements, safety assessments, and compliance with environmental standards . biopesticides, such as minimal environmental impact, reduced residue levels in crops, and lower risks to non-target organisms, including humans. **Challenges and Limitations:** Examine the challenges associated with biopesticides, including shorter efficacy periods, potential variability in effectiveness, and regulatory hurdles for approval. **Mode of Action:** Detail how biopesticides work at the molecular or physiological level to control pests. Highlight examples of specific biopesticides and their modes of action. **Applications in Agriculture:** Discuss the practical applications of biopesticides in various crops and farming systems. Provide case studies or examples of successful......

1. TEAMS AND TEAMWORK
Prepare by:
Sukanya baruri
Anandi Radadiya
Gopisha Vasoya
Submitted to:
Dr. Dilip R. Vahoniya

2. TEAMS AND TEAMWORK
TEAM:
Two or more people who interact with and influence
each other toward a common purpose.
formal team : it is created by managers & charged
with carrying out specific tasks to help the
organization achieve its goals.
Informal Groups emerge whenever people come
together and interact regularly.

3.  Formal and Informal teams:
• The most prevalent type of formal group is command
team which includes all a manager and its employees.
• Command team :
• A team composed of manager & employees who reports
to that manager.
• Committee is a formal organization team that usually
relatively long lived created to carryout specific
organizational tasks.
• Task Forces or Project Team: Task forces created to deal
with a specific problem and are usually disbanded after
the tsk is completed.

4.  They maintain and strengthen the norms and values their
members hold in common.
 They give members feelings of social satisfaction, status
and security.
 Informal groups help their members communicate . They
learn about their problems and matters and develop their
own informal channels of communication
 Informal group help solve problems.
 Beyond a the 4 groups is the reference groups which
identify and compare ourselves E.g.: For manager a higher
level is higher level manager.

5. High Performance or Super Teams:
• They are a group of 3 to 30 workers drawn from
different areas of corporations.
• Well Run Super teams manage themselves and
arrange their work schedules, set their
productivity quotas, order their own equipment
and supplies, improve product quality.

6. Self Managed Teams:
Super teams that manage themselves without any formal
supervision are self managed or self managed work groups.
Characteristics Of Self Managed Teams:
• The teams has responsibility for relatively
whole task .
• Team member each possess a variety of task
related task
• The team has power to determine such things as
work methods and assignment
• The performance of the group as a whole is the
basis for compensation and feedback

7.  Leadership Roles :
• A person who speaks up more than others who offers more and better
suggestions than anyone else or gives direction to groups activities
usually becomes a informal leader.
• A self confident, assertive individual may develop into a formal or a
rival to formal leader.
 Stages Of Team Development
 Forming : The group forms and learns what sort of behavior is
acceptable to the group.
 Storming : The members become more comfortable then brainstorming
occurs where opposition to ideas and they begin to assert their individual
responsibilities
 Norming: The conflicts that arose in previous stage are addresses and
hopefully resolved. Group unity emerges as members establish common
goals and norms, rules.
 Performing: The groups begins to operate as a unit. The structure of
group now supports and eases group dynamics and performances.
 Adjourning: Temporary groups such as task forces, this is the time
when the group wraps up activities

8.  TEAM NORMS :
• Expectations about how the others members will behave.
Some of these norms are carried over from society in
general such as dressing properly for or showing up to
time.
• When an individual breaks with team norms , the other
members will probably pressure that individual to
conform.
• Conform to norms can be extremely useful, as norm
answer many questions about how we should behave
toward one another on a day to day basis.
• Conformity to Norms can be negative if it stifles initiative
and innovation, holding back group’s performances.

9.  TEAM COHESIVENESS:
• The degree of solidarity and positive feelings held by
individuals towards group.
• The more cohesive the group more strongly members feel
about belonging to it, the greater its influence.
• Higher the cohesive teams lesser is the tension and
hostility and more uniform output than less cohesive
group.

10. 4 ways to improve cohesiveness
 Introduce Competition:
Conflict with external teams increases group cohesiveness.
 Increase Interpersonal Attraction:
People tend to join teams whose members they identify.
 Increase Interaction:
Increased interaction can improve coordination and
communication.
 Create Common Goals And Common Fates:
a)Task Interdependence: The extent to which work requires its
members to interact
b)Potency: Collective belief of a group that it can be effective
c)Outcome interdependence: The degree to which work has its
effect by its members

11.  A committee is a task force is the best way to collect the
expertise of different members of the organization and
then channel their efforts to solve problems
 Guidelines For Committees:
 The committee goals should be clearly defined, preferably
in writing.
 The committee’s authority should be specified
 The optimum size of committee should be determined.
 A chairperson should be decided on basis of his ability
 The agenda and all supporting materials for the meeting
should be distributed to all members
 Meetings should start and end on time.

12.  Focusing Teams On Performances:
• 1st challenges to be looked are the best ways to create teams, and that size,
purpose, goals, skills approach and accountability of the team

13. A few rules which can enhance team performance
 Team assignments need to address specific, concrete issues
rather than broad generalization
 Work has to be broken down and assigned to subgroups and
individuals
 Team membership must be based on what each member can
achieve the skills,
 Each team member has to do roughly the same amount of work,
or inevitably there will be differing commitments to outcomes.
 Teams will work only if the traditional hierarchical pattern of
communication and interaction is broken down.
 Top management teams have to work together like all teams
focusing on their task and fostering an environment of openness,
commitment and trust.

14.  There are 7 paradoxical aspects of groups conflicts
 Paradox Of Identity
 Paradox Of Disclosure
 Paradox Of Trust
 Paradox Of Individuality
 Paradox Of Authority
 Paradox Of Regression
 Paradox Of Creativity