The document discusses William Faulkner's novel The Sound and the Fury and the narrative techniques he used. It explains that Faulkner employed stream of consciousness through first and third person narration to tell the story of the declining Compson family from different perspectives. He used techniques like interior monologue, flashbacks, symbolism, and unreliable narrators to portray characters' complex inner thoughts and create a nonlinear narrative that reflected on the history of the American South.

1. ART AND
AESTHETIC
THE SOUND AND THE FURY

2. PARTICIPANTS
• IRAM
• ADEEBA
• ALIA
• NOOR

3. WILLIAM CUTHBERT
FAULKNER
• An American writer ,a nobel prize laureate
• The nobel prize in literature 1949 awarded to him for his powerful
and artistically unique contribution to the modern american novel
• Best known for his experiments with the stream of conscious
narrative style.
• The sound and the fury heavily and exclusively utilize the stream of
conscious narrative techniques.
• Applied through both first and third person narrative points of view
• Most of his novels are combination between naturalistic prose and
stream of conscious.

4. The sound and the fury
• a tale told by an idiot full of sound and fury /signifying nothing
• Faulkner’s fourth novel
• Story of compson family,the loss of their once –respected position in
southern society.
• Genre :southern Gothic ,Modern Literature
• A glimpse of south perceived by faulkner and to be imagined by the
readers.

5. NARRATIVE TECHNIQUESAPPLIED BY WILLIAM
FAULKNER
• STREAM OF CONSCIOUSNESS
• DIRECT MONOLOGUE
• FIRST PERSON NARRATIVE MODE
• OMNISCIENT POINT OF VIEW
• MULTIPLICITY OF NARRATIVE VOICE
• SYMBOLISM
• VIEW POINT
• ALLEGORY

6. NARRATIVE TECHNIQUES
• FLASHBACK
• UNRELIABLE NARRATION
• FORESHADOWING
• TEMPORAL REPETION
• DISOREDERD TIME
• SEQUENCES
• COUNTER POINT OR JUXTAPOSITION
• ELABORATE SPECULATION

7. Stream of consciousness
• William james
• Continuous flow of thoughts
• Highest point of development
• How he makes his stream of consciousness more
innovative?....he does so…
• Complex page like long sentences…judged
time…spliced narrative ….experimented with multiple
narratives….and interrupted simple stories with
rambling….stream of consciousness soliloques
• The sound and the fury ,,,,,stream of consciousness is
applied through a series of thoughts ,images ,emotions
and memories in spontaneous and illogical order,,

8. Direct interior monologue
• In literary criticism , a narrative mode ,,seeks to portray
an individual ‘s point of view by giving the written
equivalent of the character’s thought process
• In loose interior monologue
• Connection to his actions
• Inner desires motivations
• First person narrators perspective
• Incomplete thoughts completed by the audience
• Multiple narrator’s feelings
• Three of the four sections of the sound and the fury use
interior monologue

9. First person narrative
• Expressed through the central character
• Third person voice in the first person narrative
• Story is told from the main characters point of view
• Narrator is also a character
• First person allows the audience to see the main
character’s thinking.(teller character narration)
• Opening monologue gives the impression ;idiot ‘s
unconscious mind is somehow responsible for the
narration
• First 3 sections ; in first person narration in different
perseptives
• “I wasn ‘t crying, but I couldn’t stop. I wasn ‘t crying ,
but the ground wasn ‘t still an then I was crying”

10. Omniscient point of view
• Third person omniscient ; narrative mode,,, both reader
and writer observe through senses and thoughts
• Last section narrated by Faulkner through Dilsey ,the
maid of compson family,,,point of view of strory teller.
• Plays no part,,yet knows all facts ,incident including
characters thoughts…….

11. MULTIPLICITY OF NARRATORS
• INNOVATIVE TECHNIQUES; Introduction of “multiple
narrators” employed by faulkner.
• Use of multiple narrators or more number of narrators to
narrate a single plot in a particular novel
• Interior stream of consciousness with exterior action

12. JUXTAPOSITION
• Multiple points of view within the same tale.
• Frequent use of several characters-narrators
• Faulkner ‘s interest to tackle the reader with a series of
changing view points of the narrators
• The reader witnesses the same incidents several times
from several point of view

13. TEMPORAL REPETITON
• Faulkner revisits similar themes and repeats certaint
narrative patterns
• By juxtaposing a character type with other characters or
community , Faulkner is able to create real possibilites
for exploring human nature
• VIEW POINT
• FOUR points of view revealed throughout the the story,
the four narrators ;Benjy , Quentin , Jason and the final
section a third person narrator

14. SYMBOLISM
• Water ; symbolizes cleansing and purity throughout the
novel ,especially in relation to Caddy
• Caddy ‘s washing the perfume off , symbolically washing
away her sun
• QUENTIN ‘S WATCH; Symbolizes the constant
inexorable passage of time
• Shadows , caddy ‘s muddy drawers , broken
narcissus ,dilsey , the black house -keeper

15. FLASBACKS
• Recalling the past memories to lead the present is
nothing but a flashback
• Faulkner uses series of flashback in BENJY SECTION
of The Sound and the Fury
• Benjy reveals much about his family through flashback
interspersed with images of the present.
• The use of flashback is to make the reader see the
decline of southern family clearly through the memories
of its characters

16. Unreliable narration
• Unreliable narration is unworthy , incredible and
untrustworthy narrative
• William Faulkner uses unreliable narrators to create the
novels that reflect a historic perspective
• Give the audience a sense of disbelief or a level of
suspicion or mystery ;as to what information is supposed
to be true or false

17. Sum-up
Faulkner ‘ s method of combining stream of consciousness
, flashback, multiple narrators symbolism and unreliable
narrators ‘s results in narrative that is both a commentery
on history and a reflection of history