2. DEFINITION
First aid is the temporary and immediate treatment
given to a person who is injured or suddently
becomes ill, using facilities or materials available at
that time before regular medical help is imparted
First aid refers to the immediate treatment or care
given for any injury or illness
3. AIMS OF FIRST AID
Preserve life
Prevent further harm
Promote recovery
4. IMPORTANCE OF FIRST AID
It becomes invaluable support not only to
victims but also to professional emergency
responders and medical practitioners.
Knowledge in first aid also benefits the
individuals themselves.
First aid helps to reduce the severity of the
emergency.
5. BASIC PRINCIPLES OF FIRST AID
Reach the accident spot immediately.
Asses the situation quickly.
Be calm, logical, confident and quik.
Act immediately with patients.
Rescue and remove the casualty in the shortest time.
Arrange for appropriate medical advice and treatment.
Check for breathing, bleeding, shock problems.
Locate a safe place to transfer the injured.
Use first aid equipment when necessary.
Clear the crowd with assuring words.
Give preference to casualties with most life threatening conditions first
6. QUALITIES OF FIRST AIDER
Resourceful – He/she have basic knowledge of the principles of
first aid
Observe vigilantly – should observe the situation and victim
closely.
Act immediately – should start the first aid at the earliest to
prevent complications or death.
Remains calm, firm, and confident.
Can control the crowd and get help as needed.
Be a good listener.
Should have the presence of mind
7. SCOPE OF FIRST AID
For diagnosis – The first aid must first know how the accident or sudden
injury has occured. This is called the history of the case. Also first aider
looks at the signs which are variation from normal condition. It includes
paleness, deformity etc. Thease are the most reliable indications on
which diagnosis can be based.
For treatment – The cause of condition should be immediately removed,
to prevent the condition from becoming worse.
For quik disposal – The casualty should either be examined by the doctor
on the spot or he should be shelter or a hospital.
8. GOLDEN RULES OF FIRST AID
Do first things
first, quickly,
quietly without
panic
Reassure the
casualty to
relieve anxiety
Avoid crowds
Give artificial
respiration eg.
ABC of
emergency.
Stop any bleeding
by applying
presurre an
bleeding points.
Do not move the
casualty
unnecessarily.
9. WHAT NOT TO DO
Do not let the
casualty see his
or her injury.
1
Do not leave the
casualty.
2
Do not assume
that the casualty
has only obvious
injuries.
3
11. COMPONENTS OF EMS SYSTEM
Patient
Person from the locality
Emergency medical technicians
Emergency department staff
Heath care agency.
12. RESPONSIBILITIES OF EMS
Approach to the incident – approaching an incident is to avoid panic.
Safety – safety of self and casualities from further injury.
Assessment – it is essential to provide first aid.
Asses the situation.
Note number of casualties.
Priorities – must check each casualty has adequate airway, breathing, no major bleeding.
Provide care
Transfer
Spiral injury – It is best not to move until professional help arrives. If not, get help from 3 or 4 person and lift as if a piece
of log is carried.
Unconscious casualties –should be placed in a recovery position.
Reassure the casuality.
Continuity of care – transfer victim to a health care agency and provide accurate information about victim
13. TERMS IN FIRST AID
First aider – the one who help
in that particular situation.
Victim/Casuality – the one who
is affected
Bystander – people who are
seen around the victim
14. FIRST AID KIT
Collection of supplies and equipment for giving first aid in emergencies.
Adhesive
Bandages (roller, triangular )
Scissors
Plastic sheet
Gloves
Regular strength pain medication
Forceps
Kidney basin
Splints
Saftey pin
Cotton
Saline
Gurze
Soap
Sterile gauze pad
Sterile eye pad
15. LOGO OF FIRST AID
The ISO set a standard for first aid kit of being green with a white cross.
16. COMMON KIT FOUND IN HOME
• Alcohol
• Band aids
• Cotton balls
• Cotton swabs
• Iodine
• Bandage
• Hydrogen peroxide
17. STORAGE OF FIRST AID KIT
First aid kits can be assembled in almost any type of
container. Standard kits often come in durable plastic
boxes, fabric pouches.
Kit are in clean, water proof container. Keep contents
safe and aseptic. It should be checked regularly and
restocked if items are damaged or expired.
School, factories, buses cars should keep the first aid
kit ready to use in emergency.
18. ADVANCED FIRST AID KIT
Oropharyngeal airway
Nasopharyngeal airway
Bag valve mask
Manual aspiration or suction unit
Sphygmomanometer
Stethoscope
PPE will vary by kit, depending on its use and anticipated risk of
infection. Eg. Gloves, goggles, surgical mask or N95
19. Action plan
This action plan is a vital aid to the first aider in assessing whether the victim
has any life threating conditions and if any immediate first aid is necessary.
They are DRABC
D – check for DANGER
To you
To other
R – check RSPONSE
Is victim conscious?
Is victim unconscious?
20. A- check AIRWAY
Is airway clear of objects?
Is airway open?
B – check for BREATHING
Is chest rising and falling
Can you hear victim’s breathing?
Can you feel the breath on your cheek?
21. C – check for CIRCULATION
Can you feel a pulse?
Can you see any obvious signs of life?
