The document defines emergency and emergency preparedness. It identifies conditions that require emergency care such as life threatening situations, chest pain, head injuries, and snake bites. The principles of emergency care include staying calm, checking if the patient is conscious, accessing the airway, and monitoring breathing and circulation. The document also outlines how to apply pressure to stop bleeding, communicate when seeking help, and perform CPR including 30 chest compressions followed by 2 rescue breaths.

1. 5.8.1 EMERGENCY HEALTH CONDITIONS
ASUMPTA GALLUS HYERA PANO,ADM

2. Learning Objectives.
By the end of this session, students are expected
to be able to:
A) Define emergency and emergency
preparedness
B) Identify conditions which require emergency
care
C) Outline the principles of emergency care

3. Activity: brainstorming
What do you understand by the term
emergency and emergency preparedness?

4. DEFINITIONS.
> EMERGENCY
A serious, unexpected, and often dangerous
situation requiring immediate action:
> EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS
Is an action taken in anticipation of an
emergency to facilitate rapid, effective and
appropriate response to the situation.

5. CONDITIONS WHICH REQUIRE EMERGENCY CARE
• Any life threatening situation
• loss of consciousness
• chest pain
• excessive bleeding
• seizures
• head injury
• allergic reaction with shortness of breath
• excessive swelling
• ingestion or inhalation of toxic substance

6. CONDITIONS WHICH REQUIRE EMERGENCY CARE
CONT.......
• Thermal burns
• Head injuries
• Snake bites
• Acute limb pain
• Bone fractures
• Anaphylaxis

7. Activity :brainstorming
• What are the principles of emergency care?

8. PRINCIPLES OF EMERGENCY CARE
• Stay calm
• Shout for colleague to help
• Check,Is the patient conscious or unconscious?
• Reassure the conscious patient and assess the
level of consciousness
• Consider the position of patient
• Access and monitor airway
• Breathing circulation
• Would drug help?
• Note the time

9. Key point
.Emergency is a serious, unexpected, and often
dangerous situation requiring immediate
action:
.Emergency preparedness is an action taken in
anticipation of an emergency to facilitate
rapid, effective and appropriate response to
the situation.

10. Evaluation/review questions
.Mention conditions which require emergency
care
. Outline the principles of emergency care

11. References
• Red Cross source: By Jon Harald Søby - This file was derived from:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=393846
• Red Crescent source: Written by Jon Harald Søby from Image:Red
Crescent.pngÉcrit par Jon Harald Søby du Image:Red Crescent.png,
Public Domain,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=393868
• Source: By Owain Davies - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=16565805

12. Thank you

13. 5.8.2 APPLY PRINCIPLES OF EMERGENCY CARE TO
ASSIST CLIENTS
learning objectives
By the end of this session, students are expected
to be able to:
A) Outline issue to be communicated when
seeking for help
B) Communicate effectively for help/assistance
C) Apply pressure to stop bleeding
D) Outline steps of performing CPR (Cardiac
pulmonary respiration)
E) Demonstrate skills of performing basic life
support (CPR)

14. Activity :brainstorming
• What are the issue to be communicated when
seeking for help during emergency situation?

15. A) ISSUES TO BE COMMUNICATED WHEN SEEKING
FOR HELP
• Specific hazard
• Location
• Timeframes
• Warning source
• Magnitude
• Likelihood
• Protective behavior

16. B) Communicate effectively for help/assistance
• Make the massage clear
• Keep the massage consistence
• Timeliness
• Track social media
• Select the most appropriate level of
communication
• Communicating to save live

17. C) Apply pressure to stop bleeding
• Have the injured person lie down and elevate the
site that is bleeding.
• Remove any visible objects in the wound that are
easy to remove.
• Control the bleeding before trying to clean the
wound.
• Remove or cut clothing from around the wound.
Remove any jewelry from the general area of the
wound so if the area swells, the jewelry will not
affect blood flow.

18. Stop the bleeding cont.......
• Apply steady, direct pressure and elevate the
area for a full 15 minutes.
• Use a clock-15 minutes can seem like a long
time.
• Resist the urge to peek after a few minutes to
see whether bleeding has stopped.
• If blood soaks through the cloth, apply another
one without lifting the first.
• If there is an object in the wound, apply
pressure around the object, not directly over it.

19. Stop the bleeding cont......
• If moderate to severe bleeding has not slowed
or stopped, continue direct pressure while
getting help.
• Do not use a tourniquet to stop the bleeding.
• Do all you can to keep the wound clean and
avoid further injury to the area.
• Mild bleeding usually stops on its own or slows
to an ooze or trickle after 15 minutes of
pressure.
• It may ooze or trickle for up to 45 minutes.

20. Pressure Points for Severe Bleeding
.If severe bleeding does not stop with direct
pressure and elevation, apply direct pressure to an
artery.
. Use direct pressure on an artery along with
elevation and direct pressure on the wound.
There are specific major arteries in the body where
pressure should be placed.
• When you apply pressure to an artery, you stop
bleeding by pushing the artery against bone.
• Press down firmly on the artery between the
bleeding site and the heart.
• If there is severe bleeding, also apply firm pressure
directly to the bleeding site.

21. Pressure Points for Severe Bleeding
cont.....
• To check if bleeding has stopped, release your
fingers slowly from the pressure point, but do
not release pressure at the bleeding site.
• If bleeding continues, continue to apply
pressure to the artery.
• Continue until the bleeding stops or until help
arrives.
• After bleeding stops, do not continue to apply
pressure to an artery for longer than 5
minutes.

22. Activity: brainstorming
• What are signs of shock in the injured person?

23. ALERT !!
• While following the steps to stop the bleeding,
watch for signs of shock in the injured person,
including:
• Passing out (losing consciousness).
• Feeling very dizzy or lightheaded, like the person
may pass out.
• Feeling very weak or having trouble standing up.
• Being less alert. The person may suddenly be
unable to respond to questions, or he or she may
be confused, restless, or fearful.

24. CPR (Cardiac pulmonary respiration)
This is an emergency procedure (life saving
technique) that combines chest compressions
often with artificial ventilation in an effort to
manually preserve intact brain function until
further measures are taken to restore
spontaneous circulation and breathing in a
person with cardiac arrest.

25. BRAINSTORMING
What are the steps of performing CPR?

26. steps of performing CPR (Cardiac
pulmonary respiration)
1.Shake and shout.
Grasp the patient by shoulders and shake
briskly, shout wake up by patient name if you
know it, this done for few seconds, move on
to the next steps after five seconds of trying to
wake the patient
2.Call for help.
Get help on the way as fast as you can

27. steps of performing CPR (Cardiac
pulmonary respiration) cont....
3.Check for breathing.
Tilt the patients head back and look for breathing.
if the patient doesn't take a breath in less than
10 seconds, Start Cardiac pulmonary
respiration (CPR)
 Push on the chest
Imagine a line between the nipple and put your
hands on the center of the chest right below that
line. push hard and fast –about twice per second.
Push on the chest 30times

28. steps of performing CPR (Cardiac
pulmonary respiration) cont.....
Rescue breaths.
• Then give 2 rescue breaths. Repeat cycles of
30 chest compressions and 2 breaths until
help arrives or the patient wakes up

29. CPR Steps Illustration

30. Chest compressions Illustration

31. Key points
>Issues to be communicated during emergency
situation are, Specific hazard, Location
,Timeframes, Warning source, Magnitude
,Likelihood and Protective behavior.
>Signs of shock to the injured person are,
• Passing out (losing consciousness).
• Feeling very dizzy or lightheaded, like the person
may pass out.
• Feeling very weak or having trouble standing up.
• Being less alert. The person may suddenly be
unable to respond to questions, or he or she may
be confused, restless, or fearful.

32. Review questions
1. Outline issue to be communicated when
seeking for help
2. How to apply pressure to stop bleeding?
3. Outline steps of performing CPR (Cardiac
pulmonary respiration)

33. References
• Emergency cardiac care (ecc)guidelines from the
American heart disease association (2015)
. Red Cross source: By Jon Harald Søby - This file was
derived from:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=39
3846
. Red Crescent source: Written by Jon Harald Søby from
Image:Red Crescent.pngÉcrit par Jon Harald Søby du
Image:Red Crescent.png, Public Domain,
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=39
3868
. Source: By Owain Davies - Own work, CC BY-SA
3.0,https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid
=16565805

34. Thank you