The document provides a history of San Francisco's Chinatown from its origins in the 19th century to the present day. It describes how the Chinese population initially established themselves near Portsmouth Square and grew the neighborhood despite facing racial discrimination and exclusion laws. Major events like the 1906 earthquake and fire destroyed much of Chinatown but the community rebuilt it with Chinese architectural styles. Although Chinatown still struggles with issues of poverty and gang violence today, it maintains its cultural heritage through various organizations and celebrations of Chinese culture.
This presentation is based on Nationalism in Indochina. Fighting between French forces and their Viet Minh opponents in the South dated from September 1945. The conflict pitted a range of forces, including the French Union's French Far East Expeditionary Corps, led by France and supported by Emperor Bảo Đại's Vietnamese National Army against the Viet Minh, led by Ho Chi Minh and its People's Army of Vietnam led by Vo Nguyen Giap. Most of the fighting took place in Tonkin in Northern Vietnam, although the conflict engulfed the entire country and also extended into the neighboring French Indochina protectorates of Laos and Cambodia.
For any doubt anything
please contact me through my FB Id
"Kishan Chauhan"
Presentation I made for a Cultural Heritage Law class. Main point: China does not believe these items should have been taken from the summer palace because the war shouldn't have been fought in the first place. . . Their arguments have some merit.
Local indices of segregation: a case study of London secondary schoolsRich Harris
A case study showing how spatial and local indices of segregation can be developed. These are applied to consider differences between London secondary schools in terms of the proportion of Free School Meal eligible pupils they enroll and whether there is evidence that social segregation has increased over the period 2003-8.
Demographic and Housing Characteristics in the Blacksburg-Christiansburg-Radf...Jacqueline Tkac
This report provides a brief review of demographic characteristics and trends in the Blacksburg-Christiansburg-Radford, Virginia Metropolitan Statistical Area, and its constituent jurisdictions. Data are presented for the years 2009 and 2013, 5-year estimates from the American Community Survey. The MSA is comprised of Giles, Montgomery, and Pulaski County, as well as the city of Radford. Blacksburg and Christiansburg are the two largest towns in the MSA and are included in this report.
This presentation is based on Nationalism in Indochina. Fighting between French forces and their Viet Minh opponents in the South dated from September 1945. The conflict pitted a range of forces, including the French Union's French Far East Expeditionary Corps, led by France and supported by Emperor Bảo Đại's Vietnamese National Army against the Viet Minh, led by Ho Chi Minh and its People's Army of Vietnam led by Vo Nguyen Giap. Most of the fighting took place in Tonkin in Northern Vietnam, although the conflict engulfed the entire country and also extended into the neighboring French Indochina protectorates of Laos and Cambodia.
For any doubt anything
please contact me through my FB Id
"Kishan Chauhan"
Presentation I made for a Cultural Heritage Law class. Main point: China does not believe these items should have been taken from the summer palace because the war shouldn't have been fought in the first place. . . Their arguments have some merit.
Local indices of segregation: a case study of London secondary schoolsRich Harris
A case study showing how spatial and local indices of segregation can be developed. These are applied to consider differences between London secondary schools in terms of the proportion of Free School Meal eligible pupils they enroll and whether there is evidence that social segregation has increased over the period 2003-8.
Demographic and Housing Characteristics in the Blacksburg-Christiansburg-Radf...Jacqueline Tkac
This report provides a brief review of demographic characteristics and trends in the Blacksburg-Christiansburg-Radford, Virginia Metropolitan Statistical Area, and its constituent jurisdictions. Data are presented for the years 2009 and 2013, 5-year estimates from the American Community Survey. The MSA is comprised of Giles, Montgomery, and Pulaski County, as well as the city of Radford. Blacksburg and Christiansburg are the two largest towns in the MSA and are included in this report.
Learn more about Diversity Explosion:
http://www.brookings.edu/research/reports2/2014/11/diversity-explosion
__________
At its optimistic best, America has embraced its identity as the world’s melting pot. Today it is on the cusp of becoming a country with no racial majority, and new minorities are poised to exert a profound impact on U.S. society, economy, and politics.
Through a compelling narrative and eye-catching charts and maps, eminent demographer William H. Frey interprets and expounds on the dramatic growth of minority populations in the United States. He finds that without these expanding groups, America could face a bleak future: this new generation of young minorities, who are having children at a faster rate than whites, is infusing our aging labor force with vitality and innovation.
Diversity Explosion shares the good news about diversity in the coming decades, and the more globalized, multiracial country that U.S. is becoming.
The Chicago Renaissance turn of 20th c.-1960s(ish)a ga.docxmamanda2
The Chicago Renaissance: turn of 20th c.-1960s(ish)
“a gathering of writers, a flowering of institutions that supported and guided them, and the outpouring of writing they produced”
http://www.encyclopedia.chicagohistory.org/pages/257.html
*
Chicago in the 1890s—Setting the Stage for the Renaissance
*
Historical significance of the World's Columbian Exposition
The second half of the 19th century was an age of fairs and expositions held in London, Paris, and other great cities throughout the world. The World's Columbian Exposition, held in Chicago in 1893, was the first critically and economically successful U.S. world's fair. Conceived as a celebration of the 400th anniversary of Columbus' landing in the new world, the Exposition held a near-mythological appeal for people of the time.
The Columbian Exposition showcased a city just 60 years old, a city magnificently reborn just 22 years after the Chicago Fire. It also placed before the world the genius of Chicago architects Daniel Burnham, Frederick Law Olmsted, and Louis Sullivan. In effect, the Columbian Exposition was Chicago's debut on a world stage as a locus of great architecture and burgeoning economic power.
http://columbus.gl.iit.edu/index.html
*
"The exterior of the gigantic bubble of glass and iron that rises over the central pavilion of Horticultural Hall has already been shown in these plates, and here we are admitted into the luxurious tropical garden that flourishes in the interior. Here in a great space of light and air may be seen a miniature mountain covered with strange foliage and with a little stream dashing down its sides, great tubs of palms and tree ferns, bamboos, century plants, "elk horns," a miniature Japanese garden, bridges and all, and shady, inviting nooks, in which the tourisht may find picturesque rest - much as the painter has here shown." Art & Architecture (the White City Edition)
*
The Chicago Defender, 1905
The Chicago Defender, which was founded by Robert S. Abbott on May 5, 1905, once heralded itself as "The World's Greatest Weekly." The newspaper was the nation's most influential black weekly newspaper by the advent of World War I, with more than two thirds of its readership base located outside of Chicago.
As a northern paper, The Defender had more freedom to denounce issues outright, and its editorial position was very militant, attacking racial inequities head-on. The Defender did not use the words "Negro" or "black" in its pages. Instead, African Americans were referred to as "the Race" and black men and women as "Race men and Race women.“
During World War I The Chicago Defender waged its most aggressive (and successful) campaign in support of "The Great Migration" movement. This movement resulted in over one and a half million southern blacks migrating to the North between 1915-1925.
*
,
Richard Wright, born 1908
Native Son, 1940
Black Boy, 1945
*
Harriet Monroe and Poetry, 1912
The word "Imagiste" a.
1. Interest in Chinatown History of Chinatown Building Chinatown Chinatown Today Resources
San Francisco Chinatown
Daniel Hong, Robert Imutan, Christian Mercolini
ENGL 025
May 3, 2016
2. Interest in Chinatown History of Chinatown Building Chinatown Chinatown Today Resources
Interest in Chinatown
• Want to explore immigration and race
• Identify the significance of certain landmarks of San Francisco
• Race
• Class
3. Interest in Chinatown History of Chinatown Building Chinatown Chinatown Today Resources
Time Line
Year Event
1848 First Chinese immigrants arrive at San Francisco
1859 “Chinese School” created
1870 California’s law against Chinese, Japanese
1870 Chinese barred from housing and employment
1880 Treaty to limit Chinese immigration
1882 Ban of Chinese immigration and citizenship
1885 “Chinese School” renamed to “Oriental School”
(Chow)
4. Interest in Chinatown History of Chinatown Building Chinatown Chinatown Today Resources
Year Event
1900 Tung Wah Dispensary opens in Chinatown
1902 Chinese Exclusion Act extends 10 years
1904 Chinese Exclusion Act → ∞
1906 True Sunshine Episcopal created
1908 Chinese Chamber of Commerce formed.
1910 Angel Island opens
Thousands of Chinese immigrants detained
1911 YMCA established
1916 YWCA established
1921 Pubic Library opens
(Chow)
5. Interest in Chinatown History of Chinatown Building Chinatown Chinatown Today Resources
Year Event
1924 “Oriental School” renamed to Commodore Stockton School
Students not allowed to speak Chinese
1925 Nam Kue School built
1940 English-Language newspaper
Tung Wah Dispensary relocated and renamed Chinese Hospital
1943 Chinese Exclusion Act gets repealed
(Chow)
6. Interest in Chinatown History of Chinatown Building Chinatown Chinatown Today Resources
Building Chinatown
• Portsmouth Square
• Earthquake and Fire
• Architecture
• Angel Island
• Colt Tower
• Golden Gate Bridge
7. Interest in Chinatown History of Chinatown Building Chinatown Chinatown Today Resources
Portsmouth Square
• Grew from frontier to a city after discovery of gold
• Served as cow pen, surrounded by:
• Tents, adobe huts
• Brick and stone buildings
• Hotels, shops, gambling places
(”The Story of Chinatown”)
8. Interest in Chinatown History of Chinatown Building Chinatown Chinatown Today Resources
Portsmouth Square
• Chinese strategically located laundries, restaurants, shops
• Built their business near center of city
• Branched out to
• Dupont - “Grant” today
• Kearny Streets
(”The Story of Chinatown”)
9. Interest in Chinatown History of Chinatown Building Chinatown Chinatown Today Resources
Portsmouth Square
• “Little Canton”
• 33 retail stores
• 15 pharmacies / herbal stores
• 5 restaurants
• “Chinatown” in 1853 by Press
(”The Story of Chinatown”)
10. Interest in Chinatown History of Chinatown Building Chinatown Chinatown Today Resources
Portsmouth Square
Year Stage
1851 First Chinese hand laundry on corner of
Washington Dupont Streets
1870 2000 Chinese laundries in trade
1880 Grew to 7500 laundries
(”The Story of Chinatown”)
11. Interest in Chinatown History of Chinatown Building Chinatown Chinatown Today Resources
Portsmouth Square
• Merchants provided fresh fruits and vegetables
• San Francisco becomes recreation center
• Chinese made festive activities
• Theater building imported from China
(”The Story of Chinatown”)
12. Interest in Chinatown History of Chinatown Building Chinatown Chinatown Today Resources
Portsmouth Square
Figure 1: Portsmouth Square
13. Interest in Chinatown History of Chinatown Building Chinatown Chinatown Today Resources
Earthquake and Fire
• April 08, 1906
• Leveled Chinatown
• Immigration records destroyed →
• Claim citizenship
• Send children and families
(”The Story of Chinatown”)
14. Interest in Chinatown History of Chinatown Building Chinatown Chinatown Today Resources
Earthquake and Fire
Figure 2: San Francisco 1906 Earthquake
15. Interest in Chinatown History of Chinatown Building Chinatown Chinatown Today Resources
Earthquake and Fire
• Look Tin Eli planned to rebuild Chinatown away from
Financial District
• Designed Chinatown to be more “Oriental”
(”The Story of Chinatown”)
16. Interest in Chinatown History of Chinatown Building Chinatown Chinatown Today Resources
Angel Island (1775)
• Exclusion caused from disease,
• Quarantine and immigration restrictions
• People had to enter the quarantine station
• Thousands of Chinese inscriptions in the immigration barracks
• Was used in the Civil War, Spanish-American War, WWI, and
WWII
(Bashford, et al)
17. Interest in Chinatown History of Chinatown Building Chinatown Chinatown Today Resources
Angel Island (1775)
• Based on Ellis Island of New York
• Staff detained, interviewed, and screened the immigrants
Figure 3: Angel Island Barracks
18. Interest in Chinatown History of Chinatown Building Chinatown Chinatown Today Resources
Angel Island (1775)
• Most of the detainees in the two-story barracks were Chinese,
along with Japanese
• Used for the US Army in 1940 for PoWs and enemy aliens
• Military left on 1962, Angel Island became state park
• Old quarantine buildings demolished in 1957, island was
supposed to be demolished in 1970 but wasn’t
• Now a tourist attraction
(Bashford, et al)
19. Interest in Chinatown History of Chinatown Building Chinatown Chinatown Today Resources
Coit Tower (1933)
Figure 4: Coit Tower
20. Interest in Chinatown History of Chinatown Building Chinatown Chinatown Today Resources
Coit Tower (1933)
• Located in Telegraph Hill
• Monument to the city’s firefighters, in honor of Lillie
Hitchcock Coit who wanted to “add beauty to the city she
has always loved;” matron saint of the city’s firefighters
• Franklin D. Roosevelt wanted to support artists during the
Great Depression
• Tower took 5 years to build by architect Arthur Brown Jr
(”ART HISTORY: Colt Tower Paints A Pretty Picture Of San
Francisco’s History”)
21. Interest in Chinatown History of Chinatown Building Chinatown Chinatown Today Resources
Coit Tower (1933)
• Added to the U.S. Register of Historic Places in 2008
• 210-foot tall tower, gives 360 degree view of the entire city at
top
• Murals funded by federal government via Public Works Art
Project
• Depicts life in California and Bay Area during Great
Depression
(”ART HISTORY: Colt Tower Paints A Pretty Picture Of San
Francisco’s History”)
22. Interest in Chinatown History of Chinatown Building Chinatown Chinatown Today Resources
Coit Tower (1933)
Figure 5: Murals at Coit Tower
23. Interest in Chinatown History of Chinatown Building Chinatown Chinatown Today Resources
Coit Tower (1933)
Murals
• Depicted city life, agriculture, and industry settings
• Themes of labor marches, poor families and rich families
• Controversial aspect: section depicting a traffic accident,
armed robbery, and left-wing newspaper
• Includes labor relations in SF during early 1930s
• Critics wanted to order the murals to be destroyed due to its
radical content
(”ART HISTORY: Colt Tower Paints A Pretty Picture Of San
Francisco’s History”)
24. Interest in Chinatown History of Chinatown Building Chinatown Chinatown Today Resources
Coit Tower (1933)
• Artists protested to keep their works uncensored
• Only one painting was remade (by Clifford Wight), the others
were untouched
• San Francisco Arts Commission performs maintenance to the
murals; if a mural were damaged, the commission works with
the conservators to restore that part of a piece
(”ART HISTORY: Colt Tower Paints A Pretty Picture Of San
Francisco’s History”)
25. Interest in Chinatown History of Chinatown Building Chinatown Chinatown Today Resources
Coit Tower (1933)
Specific Case: Jewish artist Bernard Zakheim’s mural
Figure 6: Bernard’s mural contribution, Library
26. Interest in Chinatown History of Chinatown Building Chinatown Chinatown Today Resources
Colt Tower (1933)
Specific Case: Jewish artist Bernard Zakheim’s mural
• Mural depicts the main reading room in a library
• Sparked controversy on public imagery,
• Hammer and sickle symbol
• Edited mural appeared in newspaper →
• Unemployed longshoremen were on strike
• Killed two union members on July 5, 1934
(Boone)
27. Interest in Chinatown History of Chinatown Building Chinatown Chinatown Today Resources
Coit Tower (1933)
Figure 7: Hammer and Sickle Symbol
28. Interest in Chinatown History of Chinatown Building Chinatown Chinatown Today Resources
Colt Tower (1933)
Specific Case: Jewish artist Bernard Zakheim’s mural
• Zakheim was influenced by Communism
• Right side of his mural depicted his friend and fellow muralist,
John Langley Howard, reaching for Das Kapital, one of Karl
Marx’s signature works
• Included Jewish literature, Jewish tradition, and Jewish
contribution to the United States
• Message was to view history from a pluralistic perspective
(Boone)
29. Interest in Chinatown History of Chinatown Building Chinatown Chinatown Today Resources
Colt Tower (1933)
Specific Case: Jewish artist Bernard Zakheim’s mural
• In his earlier years, Zakheim joined the Russian Revolution,
developing a concern for the rights of workers
• Led the Yiddish Movement in SF
• Strived to preserve the Jewish people’s identity as an
unassimilated minority group
• Controversy - Zahkeim was asked twice to remove Das Kapital
from his mural due to its socialist ideals, but refused
(Boone)
30. Interest in Chinatown History of Chinatown Building Chinatown Chinatown Today Resources
Coit Tower (1933)
Specific Case: Clifford Wight
• Wight’s mural received the most censure out of any of the
Coit Tower pieces
• On opposite sides of a steel window, two tall figures, a
steelworker and a surveyor, were found
• Junius Cravens remembers what the uncensored piece looked
like
(”Neighborhoods North Beach Coit Tower”)
31. Interest in Chinatown History of Chinatown Building Chinatown Chinatown Today Resources
Colt Tower(1933)
Specific Case: Clifford Wight
• Central window - bridge with the Blue Eagle of NRA at the
center
• Right of eagle: ”In God We Trust” was written to symbolize
Capitalism
• Left of eagle: circle containing the Soviet Hammer and Sickle
symbol, along with the words, “Workers of the World, Unite,”
symbolizing Communism
(”Neighborhoods North Beach Coit Tower”)
32. Interest in Chinatown History of Chinatown Building Chinatown Chinatown Today Resources
Colt Tower(1933)
Specific Case: Clifford Wight
• A reporter from the Hearst Press managed to take a photo of
the Hammer and Sickle, along with a part of Zakheim’s
Library piece
• Doctored image placing the Hammer and Sickle in Library was
described by the newspaper articles to be Wight’s mural
(”Neighborhoods North Beach Coit Tower”)
33. Interest in Chinatown History of Chinatown Building Chinatown Chinatown Today Resources
Colt Tower(1933)
Specific Case: Clifford Wight
Figure 8: Clifford Wight’s controversial painting
34. Interest in Chinatown History of Chinatown Building Chinatown Chinatown Today Resources
Colt Tower(1933)
Specific Case: Clifford Wight
• Doctored image appeared in the news during “Bloody
Thursday,” on July 5th, 1934
• Wight refused to edit his mural
• Depicted Social Change
• Capitalism
• Communism
• The New Deal
(”Neighborhoods North Beach Coit Tower”)
35. Interest in Chinatown History of Chinatown Building Chinatown Chinatown Today Resources
Colt Tower(1933)
Specific Case: Clifford Wight
• Doesn’t intend for the Communist element of his piece to be
propaganda
• Just an ideal
• Ultimately obliterated
• 4 mural contributions which survived the controversy
• Steelworker
• Surveyor
• Farmer
• Cowboy
(”Neighborhoods North Beach Coit Tower”)
36. Interest in Chinatown History of Chinatown Building Chinatown Chinatown Today Resources
Golden Gate Bridge
• Intended to be a bridge across Golden Gate Strait
• Charles Crocker wanted a bridge there on 1872; James H.
Wilkins, a structural engineer, recruited SF City Engineer
Michael M. O’Shaughnessy on 1916
• O’Shaughnessy discussed this bridge with other engineers on
the costs and feasibility of this bridge on August 1919
• Thought to require $100 million for construction
(”Concept for a Bridge Across the Golden Gate Strait”)
37. Interest in Chinatown History of Chinatown Building Chinatown Chinatown Today Resources
Golden Gate Bridge
• Joseph Baermann Strauss estimated $25 - $30 million
• Sent his initial design sketch for the bridge on June 28, 1921
• $17 million to build
Figure 9: D
ecember 1922 - O’Shaughnessy made design public
38. Interest in Chinatown History of Chinatown Building Chinatown Chinatown Today Resources
Golden Gate Bridge
• Reasons for building the bridge
• Traffic was growing at the ferries
• Population centers were growing
Figure 10: Traffic by the ferries
39. Interest in Chinatown History of Chinatown Building Chinatown Chinatown Today Resources
Golden Gate Bridge
• Bridge design changed from a cantilever-suspension hybrid
into a pure suspension bridge design during the time between
Leon S. Moisseiff’s report on November 1925 and the
Advisory Board of Engineers’ first meeting on August 27, 1929
• Charles A. Ellis, hired by Strauss on 1921, refined the design
of the bridge on March 1, 1930
• Was fired by Strauss for unknown reasons, and received no
credit despite his efforts
(”Concept for a Bridge Across the Golden Gate Strait”)
40. Interest in Chinatown History of Chinatown Building Chinatown Chinatown Today Resources
Golden Gate Bridge
• January 5, 1933 - construction officially begun
• Ceremony began on February 26, 1933 to celebrate the
construction of the bridge
• Bridge open to traffic on May 28, 1937
(”Concept for a Bridge Across the Golden Gate Strait”)
41. Interest in Chinatown History of Chinatown Building Chinatown Chinatown Today Resources
Golden Gate Bridge
Figure 11: Golden Gate Bridge
42. Interest in Chinatown History of Chinatown Building Chinatown Chinatown Today Resources
Chinatown today
• Defined by the history and institutions of its people
• Chinese styled buildings line up streets
• Give neighborhood character and culture affiliation
43. Interest in Chinatown History of Chinatown Building Chinatown Chinatown Today Resources
Chinatown Today
Figure 12: The neighborhood today has developed cultural autonomy.
44. Interest in Chinatown History of Chinatown Building Chinatown Chinatown Today Resources
Chinatown Today
• Neighborhood sustains:
• Children’s orchestra
• Cultural centers
• Artists
• Music
• Dance
• Chinese Historical Society of America
45. Interest in Chinatown History of Chinatown Building Chinatown Chinatown Today Resources
Chinatown Today
Ugly side of Chinatown
• Tenement buildings crowded with elderly and new immigrants
• Problem due to:
• Discrimination and exclusion
• Unemployment
• Healthcare
• Poor housing
46. Interest in Chinatown History of Chinatown Building Chinatown Chinatown Today Resources
Chinatown Today
Figure 13: Tenements in Chinatown
47. Interest in Chinatown History of Chinatown Building Chinatown Chinatown Today Resources
Chinatown Today
Culture
• Mid-Autumn Festival
• Celebrates season changes
• Local bazaars
• Entertainment
• Mooncakes
• Chinese Culture Center
• Promotes exhibitions of Chinese life in the U.S.
• Organizes tours of the areas
48. Interest in Chinatown History of Chinatown Building Chinatown Chinatown Today Resources
Chinatown Today
Culture
• Chinese Consolidated Benevolent Association
• Parent organization of the many local Chinese family and
regional associations in Chinatown
• Chinatown Community Development Center
• Sought to improve tenant problems with sub-standard housing,
and many empowerment programs
49. Interest in Chinatown History of Chinatown Building Chinatown Chinatown Today Resources
Chinatown Today
Triad violence
• Shooting spree of Golden Dragon Restaurant
• 5 people killed
• 11 people injured
• Triad violence continued, but less serious
50. Interest in Chinatown History of Chinatown Building Chinatown Chinatown Today Resources
Works Cited
Alison Bashford, Peter Hobbins, Anne Clarke, Ursula K. Frederick.
Geographies of commemoration: Angel Island, San Francisco and
North Head, Sydney:Journal of Historical Geography, Volume 52,
April 2016, Pages 16-25, ISSN 0305-7488.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhg.2015.12.003.
〈http://www.sciencedirect.com 〉.
”ART HISTORY: Colt Tower Paints A Pretty Picture Of San
Francisco’s History.” Journal Of Property Management 76.4
(2011): 20-21. Business Source Complete. Web. 19 Apr. 2016.
51. Interest in Chinatown History of Chinatown Building Chinatown Chinatown Today Resources
Works Cited
Boone, M. Elizabeth. ””Something of His Own Soil”: Jewish
History, Mural Painting, and Bernard Zakheim in San Francisco
(1).” American Jewish History 90.2 (2002): 123. Literature
Resource Center. Web. 21 Apr. 2016. 〈http://go.galegroup.com 〉.
Chow, Michelle. ”History of San Francisco Chinatown.” San
Francisco Chinatown. Tiger Business Development Inc, 2012.
Web. 19 Apr. 2016. 〈http://www.sanfranciscochinatown.com 〉.
”Concept for a Bridge Across the Golden Gate Strait,” “Golden
Gate Bridge Design,” and “Ground Breaking Ceremony.” Golden
Gate Bridge. Golden Gate Bridge, Highway and Transportation
District, 2006. Web. 26 Apr. 2016. 〈http://goldengatebridge.org
〉.
52. Interest in Chinatown History of Chinatown Building Chinatown Chinatown Today Resources
Works Cited
Jewett, Masha Zakheim. ”FoundSF.” Coit Tower Politics -. N.p.,
n.d. Web. 21 Apr. 2016. 〈http://foundsf.org〉.
”Neighborhoods North Beach Coit Tower.” San Francisco Mural
Arts. SF Mural Arts, 2010. Web. 26 Apr. 2016.
〈http://www.sfmuralarts.com〉. ”The Story of Chinatown.” PBS.
KQED. Web. 28 Apr. 2016.
〈http://www.pbs.org/kqed/chinatown/resourceguide/story.html〉.
